Impact Of Management Strategies Research Articles

Impact of Management Strategies on Reducing of Mulching Film Residues Pollution in Arid Regions

Plastic pollution caused by mulching film residues (MFRs) is escalating in arable lands, which affects the function of agricultural ecosystems, and poses a serious obstacle to agricultural sustainable development in arid regions. Internationally, increasing recycling rate of polyethylene (PE) film and adopting biodegradable films are recommended strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in farmland, aiming to increase agricultural sustainability and food security. However, impacts of the future of these strategies remain underexplored. This study estimated MFRs accumulation over the next 50 years under varying PE and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) film recovery scenarios: no recovery, and recovery rates increased to 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95%. Additionally, cumulative ecological effects (CEEs) of MFR pollution were assessed based on historical MFRs accumulations of 75 kg hm−2, 160 kg hm−2, 220 kg hm−2, 300 kg hm−2, and 400 kg hm−2, by evaluating direct and indirect ecological effects. The findings revealed that (1) with no recovery, PE film residues could increase by 480 kg hm−2, whereas achieving a 95% recovery rate could limit residues increasing to below the national threshold of 75 kg hm−2, outperforming the 80%, 85%, and 90% recovery rates. On the other hand, using PBAT film would maintain the increasing MFRs below 75 kg hm−2 regardless of recovery rate. (2) Without PE film recovery, CEEs would intensify significantly, as both the direct and indirect effects increase notably, while the CEEs of MFRs could maintain the current status or decrease under the strategy of 95% recovery rate of PE film and using PBAT film, similar to the variation of direct effects. However, indirect effects would persist due to ongoing microplastics (MPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) released from residual films. Overall, a 95% PE film recycling rate and PBAT film usage emerged as particularly effective strategies for minimizing MFRs accumulation and mitigating ecological impacts over the next 50 years. Further research should prioritize the indirect ecological effects of MFRs, given their persistence despite reduction efforts. The results could provide a theoretical support for agricultural sustainable development in arid regions.

Effective Pension Fund Management Strategy: A Comprehensive Study with Methodological Insights from the Indian Financial Landscape

This research paper explores effective pension fund management strategies within the Indian financial landscape, aiming to identify key factors influencing pension fund performance. Given the complexity and significance of pension fund management in ensuring financial security for retirees, this study employs a quantitative analysis approach to examine the relationships between Assets Under Management (AUM), management fees, fund age, and Return on Investment (ROI). Utilizing a hypothetical dataset representative of the Indian pension fund industry, the research adopts regression analysis to delve into how these variables impact fund performance. Key findings reveal a positive correlation between AUM and ROI, indicating that larger pension funds tend to achieve higher returns, likely due to economies of scale and access to a wider range of investment opportunities. Conversely, higher management fees are associated with lower ROIs, emphasizing the importance of cost efficiency in enhancing fund performance. Additionally, the analysis suggests that older funds, with their accumulated experience and established investment strategies, tend to perform better. These insights underscore the critical roles played by scale, cost management, and experience in pension fund management. The study contributes to filling a significant gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of management strategies on pension fund performance in the Indian context. The findings have broader implications for fund managers and policymakers, highlighting the necessity of strategic fund management practices to optimize returns for beneficiaries.

Impact of Management Strategies on New-Onset Mental Health Disorders and Associated Health Care Utilization in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma

To compare the impact of different management strategies on diagnosis of new-onset mental health disorders (MHDs) in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and health care utilization at 1-year follow-up. MarketScan databases were queried using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition, 2000-2020. We included patients ≥18 years old with a diagnosis of VS who underwent clinical observation, surgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with at least 1 year of follow-up. We looked at health care outcomes and MHDs at 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up. The database search identified 23,376 patients. Of these, 94.2% (n= 22,041) were managed conservatively with clinical observation at the initial diagnosis, and 2% (n= 466) underwent surgery. The surgery cohort had the highest incidence of new-onset MHDs followed by SRS and clinical observation cohorts at 3 months (surgery: 17%; SRS: 12%; clinical observation: 7%), 6 months (surgery: 20%; SRS: 16%; clinical observation: 10%), and 12 months (surgery: 27%; SRS: 23%; clinical observation: 16%) (P < 0.0001). The median difference in combined payments between patients with and without MHDs was highest in the surgery cohort followed by SRS and clinical observation cohorts at all time points (12 months: surgery: $14,469; SRS: $10,557; clinical observation: $6439; P= 0.0002). Compared with clinical observation only, patients who underwent surgery for VS were 2 times more likely and patients who underwent SRS were 1.5 times more likely to develop MHDs with corresponding increase in health care utilization at 1-year follow-up.

The Impact of Management Strategies on Employee Grievances in Nigeria Port Authority, Calabar

The Impact of Management Strategies on Employee Grievances in Nigeria Port Authority, Calabar

Impact of management strategy on green methane production from wind energy

Mitigating the effects of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires the adoption of sustainable practices and the promotion of renewable energies. However, in an energy scenario strongly dominated by intermittent energy sources, storage systems are becoming increasingly important. In this context, the conversion of renewable energy peaks into green hydrogen can be considered an interesting possibility. Furthermore, the use of power-to-gas systems solves, at least in a transition phase, the problems associated with the lack of infrastructure dedicated to hydrogen. In this study, a power-to-gas system producing synthetic methane from wind energy was modelled. Three management strategies were implemented and compared to assess the flexibility and versatility of the system. Results showed the importance of using an intermediate hydrogen storage tank to reduce the amount of surplus hydrogen. However, the choice of a management strategy depends on the purpose for which the power-to-methane system is designed.

Impact of Management Strategy on Feeding and Somatic Growth in Neonates with Symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot: Results from the Congenital Cardiac Research Collaborative

To evaluate early growth following primary or staged repair of neonatal symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot (sTOF). We performed a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of consecutive infants with sTOF who underwent initial intervention at age ≤30days, from 2005 to 2017. Management strategies were either primary repair or staged repair (ie, initial palliation followed by complete repair). The primary outcome was change in weight-for-age z-score (ΔWAZ) from the initial intervention to age 6±2months. Secondary outcomes included method and mode of feeding, feeding-related medications, and feeding-related readmissions. Propensity score adjustment was used to account for baseline differences between groups. A secondary analysis was performed comparing patients stratified by the presence of adequate growth (6-month ΔWAZ>-0.5) or inadequate growth (6-month ΔWAZ≤-0.5), independent of treatment strategy. The study cohort included 143 primary repair subjects and 240 staged repair subjects. Prematurity was more common in the staged repair group. After adjustment, median ΔWAZ did not differ between treatment groups over the first 6months of life (primary: -0.43 [IQR, -1.17 to 0.50]; staged: -0.31 [IQR, -1.31 to 0.71]; P=.55). For the entire cohort, ΔWAZ was negative (-0.36; IQR, -1.21 to 0.63). There were no between-group differences in the secondary outcomes. Secondary analysis revealed that the subjects with adequate growth were more likely to be orally fed at initial hospital discharge (P=.04). In neonates with sTOF, growth trajectory over the first 6months of life was substandard, irrespective of treatment strategy. Those patients with adequate growth were more likely to be discharged from the index procedure on oral feeds.

The Impact of Management Strategies on the Development and Status of Potato Cyst Nematode Populations in Switzerland: An Overview from 1958 to Present.

Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are some of the most successful and highly specialized plant parasitic nematodes and among the most regulated quarantine pests globally. In Switzerland, they have been monitored by annual surveys since their first detection in Swiss soil in 1958. The dataset created was reviewed to produce an overview of the development and actual status of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) in Switzerland. Positive fields represent 0.2% of all the samples analyzed, and their distribution is limited to central-west and western Switzerland, suggesting that new introduction of PCNs and the spread of the initial introduced PCN populations did not occur. In this way, the integrated management used in Switzerland appears to be effective. However, the increasing availability of potato varieties with resistance to G. rostochiensis and the limited availability of varieties with resistance to G. pallida, together with other biotic and abiotic factors, have promoted changes in the dominance of either species. Consequently, an extended monitoring program is of interest to Swiss farmers, to avoid favoring virulent traits that could be present in Swiss Globodera populations.

Key drivers of LULCC in co-managed and governmentmanaged forest reserves in Malawi (1999–2018)

Interventions through co-management (CM) and government-management (GM) for forest reserves can mitigate degradation and deforestation. Few studies have investigated the driving forces of Land Use/Cover Change (LULCC) using Remote sensing and socioeconomic data to assess the impact of management strategies on woodlands. This study investigated factors influencing LULCC in two co-managed and two governmentmanaged forest reserves (FR) between 1999 and 2018 in Malawi. Images from the Environment for Analysing Images and data from respondents representing 30% of the communities surrounding four FR were analysed in SPSS. Woodland loss to grassland, agriculture was observed in Liwonde CM, Kaning'ina and Thambani GM FR. Communities' perceptions confirmed woodland conversion. Population increases and poverty exacerbated agriculture and wood energy use. Up-scaling CM requires improved empowerment processes and capacity building. There is a need to curb corruption, monitor licensing, and develop forest plans and law enforcement in GM FR. Promoting geospatial and socioeconomic analysis tools will enhance forest monitoring.

Nationwide study of six-month readmissions in critical limb ischemia: Predictors and impact of revascularization strategies.

There is a paucity of data regarding six-month readmissions in critical limb ischemia patients and the influence of management strategy during index-admission [endovascular, surgical, hybrid procedure, medical therapy, and amputation]. We aimed to investigate the incidence, predictors, and impact of management strategies on six-month readmission in patients with critical limb ischemia. A secondary analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2017) was conducted. Propensity score matching was performed for subgroup analysis. We identified 50,058 patients with primary diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. Six-month all-cause and critical limb ischemia-related readmission rate was 52.36% and 10.86%, respectively. The risk of all-cause readmission was lower with amputation but was similar among other subgroups. Patients receiving surgical [HR 0.62, CI(0.48-0.79), p < 0.001] and hybrid procedure [HR 0.65 (0.46-0.93), p = 0.02] had lower risk of unplanned critical limb ischemia-related readmission compared to endovascular, though the risk of unplanned revascularization/amputation during readmission was similar between the three strategies. The risk of non-critical limb ischemia-related readmission was higher with surgical [HR 1.13, CI(1.04-1.23), p = 0.003] and hybrid procedure [HR 1.17, CI(1.08-1.28), p < 0.001], driven by increased procedure-related/wound complications. Eventhough endovascular patients were older with more severe critical limb ischemia presentation, a lower proportion received home-health or placement upon discharge from index-admission. This could account for higher readmission without higher repeat revascularization in endovascular group. The risk of critical limb ischemia and non-critical limb ischemia-related readmission differ according to the management strategy. Significant differences in discharge disposition exist depending on revascularization strategy. Study findings identify opportunities for reducing readmissions by focusing on nonprocedural aspects like wound-care, discharge planning and placement.

Sink or Swim? Impacts of Management Strategies on Small Business Survival and Recovery

The rate of small business demise is exacerbated by exogenous events such as natural disasters that threaten even the healthiest business. This study focused on the effects of management strategies used by small business owners affected by a natural disaster and the resulting recovery status eight years after Hurricane Katrina. The results indicate that location, human resource, and financial management decisions affect operating status and recovery. Both pre-and post-disaster strategies and across system exchanges were utilized and predicted survival and recovery, e.g., financial managerial strategies utilized post disaster predicted whether a business would fully recover, but effective overall management strategies differed over time and operating category.

Response of Grazing Land Soil Health to Management Strategies: A Summary Review

Grazing land ecosystem services including food provision and climate regulation are greatly influenced by soil health. This paper provides a condensed review of studies on the response of three important soil properties related to soil health to grazing land management: water infiltration, carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Impacts of management strategies that are often used in grazing lands are discussed in this review including vegetation composition, grazing methods, and other factors such as fertilizer use and climatic conditions. In general, proper grazing management such as continuous moderate grazing and rotational/deferred-rotational grazing with low or moderate stocking rates tends to benefit all three soil properties. Water infiltration can usually be increased with full vegetation cover, increased soil C, and aggregate stability, or be decreased with greater soil bulk density. Adoption of highly productive plant species with faster turnover rates can promote soil C sequestration by increasing C input. However, excessive C removal from ecosystems due to overgrazing or improper soil fertilization management results in higher C loss, which can have detrimental effects on soil C sequestration. Proper stocking rate and a balanced manure/fertilizer management was found to be critical for enhancing NUE. Grazing land management sometimes simultaneously influence the three soil properties. Techniques that can increase soil C such as introduction of high productive plant species can often promote water infiltration and soil nitrogen (N). Some other practices such as adoption of N fertilizer may enhance C sequestration while being detrimental to NUE. An integrated management plan for a specific location or farm should be considered carefully to improve soil health as well as ecosystem production. This review provides farmers and policy makers the current state of general knowledge on how health-related soil processes are affected by grazing land management.

Risk and Prevention for Highly Penetrant Genes

Approximately 10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to a hereditary predisposition. Here, we review the risks and management options for highly penetrant genes including BRCA1/2, TP53, PTEN, CDH1, STK11, and PALB2 which confer a 5 to greater than 10-fold increased risk of breast cancer, and an increased risk of other cancers. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) reduces mortality in BRCA1/2 carriers. Other management strategies are tailored to the hereditary cancer syndrome in question and include more intensive screening with imaging and serologic studies, risk-reducing surgeries such as mastectomy, and consideration of risk reduction agents. Given the advances in our knowledge regarding the impact of management strategies in mutation carriers, genetic testing for high-penetrance breast cancer genes has become standard of care. It is critically important to discuss the implications of testing unaffected family members, in order to be able to offer impactful interventions to healthy at-risk individuals.

Impact of Management Strategy for Vocational Rehabilitation Facilities on Management Performance

본 연구는 직업재활시설의 경영전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 직업재활시설의 효율적 경영에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 한국장애인직업재활시설협회에 등록된 직업재활시설 478개소의 시설장과 중간관리자를 대상으로 실시하였고, 통계적 처리를 위해서 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 직업재활시설의 경영전략은 방어형 전략, 분석형 전략, 공격형 전략 순으로 나타났으며, 유형별로는 근로사업장이 보호작업장에 비해 경영전략 수준이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 직업재활시설의 경영전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 경영전략은 재무적 성과보다 비재무적 성과에 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 직업재활시설 활성화를 위하여, 경영마인드, 분석형 전략과 공격형 전략의 도입, 경영전문인력 양성 등을 제안하였다.

The impact of management strategies in apple orchards on the structural and functional diversity of epigeal spiders.

Apple orchards are agro-ecosystems managed with high levels of inputs and especially pesticides. Epigeal spider communities were sampled in three seasons using pitfall traps in 19 apple orchards with four different management strategies (abandoned, under organic, Integrated Pest Management or conventional protection) and thus significantly different pesticide usage. The abundance and diversity of the spider communities was the highest in abandoned orchards. Higher diversity and evenness values were the only difference in spider communities from the organic orchards compared to the other commercial orchards. The analysis of five ecological traits (proportion of aeronauts, type of diet, overwintering stages, body size and maternal care), however, clearly showed differences in the spiders from the organic orchards. The spider species in the other commercial orchards were smaller and have higher dispersal abilities. Seven bioindicator species were identified in abandoned orchards, two species in organic ones (only Lycosidae) and one species in conventional orchards (Linyphiidae).

Integrating static and dynamic analysis in studying capacity scalability in RMS

The purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding about the relation between management level and operational level in capacity scalability problem in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS). The approach presented in this paper integrates both static and dynamic analyses. A dynamic model for capacity scalability in RMS is developed and then a study of optimal capacity scalability by means of multi-objective optimisation is discussed. The dynamic model is based on control theory where the capacity scalability system is modelled using block diagram and a transfer function is derived. The capacity scalability controller's gain is determined using multi-objective optimisation. Simulation study of an industrial case for a scenario of exogenous disturbance to RMS is conducted. Results showed the impact of management strategies on the performance of capacity scalability systems in RMS and also the importance of dynamic control for capacity scalability management in modern system like RMS.

The impact of variable hatching rates on parasite control: a model of an aquatic ectoparasite in a Finnish fish farm

Summary Many parasites of medical and veterinary importance infect via free‐living stages that undergo a period of development in the environment before seeking a host. Frequently, considerable variation is observed in the development rates of these stages, such that some individuals may be considered to occupy distinct subpopulations, similar to a plant's seed bank. Under certain conditions, these subpopulations may act as a reservoir for the parasite, buffering it from the impact of management strategies and reducing control success. We assessed the impact of intraspecific variation in development rates on parasite control by developing a population dynamic model of the ectoparasite Argulus coregoni, a major parasite of Finnish fish farms. We divided argulid eggs into two subpopulations: an exposed class with fast hatching rates and an ‘egg bank’ with slower hatching rates. We then assessed the success of a number of potential control strategies under a range of egg bank hatching regimes. The predicted seasonal dynamics of the various life‐cycle stages matched well those observed in Finnish fish farms. Simulations showed that the long‐term growth rate of the argulid population tends to be reduced by the presence of a slow‐hatching egg bank, unless the egg bank affords some protection in the form of reduced egg mortality. Sensitivity analysis showed that the key stages of the parasite's life cycle are those that relate to the on‐fish juvenile mortality and development rates. The next most sensitive parameters relate to the number of viable eggs at the start of the year, such as female fecundity and overwinter egg survival. We showed that current control approaches that target these stages could prove highly effective at suppressing the argulid population. However, long‐term control was greatly reduced in both cases as the proportion of eggs entering the egg bank increased. This was especially true if mortality of the egg bank was lower than that of the exposed eggs. Synthesis and applications. Understanding the factors affecting parasite persistence is vital for the development of effective long‐term control. We have shown that inherent heterogeneity within a parasite population may have a substantial impact on its long‐term growth rate, and can be an important mechanism reducing the effectiveness of targeted control strategies in the field.

Diplostomum in pond-reared walleye Stizostedion vitreum—implications of a management strategy for control

Severe outbreaks of the eye fluke, Diplostomum sp., in age 0+ walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, at the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) South Otselic State Fish Hatchery during the summers of 2000 and 2001 prompted a study of the prevalence of the metacercariae of this digenetic trematode in the walleye and cercariae in Stagnicola catascopium and Stagnicola elodes snails during the summer of 2002. During 2002, 2 fish out of the 195 examined had a single metacercaria in one eye each and two snails of 1670 examined shed two different types of cercariae that were of the order Strigeidida, which includes Diplostomum spp. A third cercariae of the xiphidiocercaria type was recognized in a total of 167 snails examined. Reasons for the marked decline in the presence of the eye fluke from summer of 2001 to summer of 2002, include the impact of management strategies to discourage the presence of fish eating birds as well as the life span of local snails, which appears not to exceed 2 years.

Measurements of the soil microbial community for estimating the success of restoration

SummaryLand degradation is of concern in many countries. In order for timely and effective interventions to be made to reverse this degradation it is necessary to have objective measurements of ecosystem status. By measuring characteristics of the soil microbial community we can assess the status of the microbial ecosystem and in that sense the quality of the soil, and the potential for, and progress of, restoration after degradation.Recent research has shown quantitatively how by measuring the soil microbial community we can assess degradation and the effects of management designed to reverse it. The size, composition and activity of the soil microbial community convincingly distinguish between systems, and between the impact of management strategies upon them. Measurements of these characteristics of the microbial community provide invaluable information for restoring degraded land and are ready for routine use. Specifically, profiles of phospholipid fatty acid contents, and substrate induced respiratory responses to different carbon substrates, will yield significant data upon which management decisions may be based.

Insights into the prevalence and management of soilborne cereal pathogens under direct seeding in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

Direct seeding or no-till leaves the soil undisturbed, except where the seed is planted and the soil fertilized. It offers several advantages in small-grain cereal production, including reduction in labor and other operating costs, reduction of soil erosion, and improvement of soil quality. However, only about 10% of small grains in the U.S.A., and 6% of the small grains in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S.A. are currently direct seeded. Root diseases are major constraints to adoption of direct seeding; they increase because of lack of tillage, increased crop residue left on the surface, and typically cooler and wetter soil conditions in the spring. This review covers some recent research on the four most important root diseases of cereals in the Pacific Northwest and their causal agents. These diseases are rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch [Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, Rhizoctonia oryzae], pythium damping-off and root rot [Pythium spp.], take-all [Gaeumannomyces tritici var. tritici], and fusarium foot rot [Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium culmorum] We discuss how these diseases are affected by direct seeding and the impact of management strategies, including crop rotation, residue management, control of inoculum from volunteers and weeds, fertilizer placement, genetic tolerance, biological control, development of natural suppressiveness, and prediction of risk through DNA-based detection methods.Key words: soilborne pathogens, cereal, direct seeding, management strategies, no-till.

Development, Flood Risk and the Urban Environment: Experiences from the River Tame

AbstractExperience and knowledge of river‐restoration schemes are generally available at the reach scale. However, there are problems with the application of this knowledge at the scale of large urbanised catchments which relate to understanding the system and predicting the impact of management strategies. This paper considers problems of developing a perceptive and efficient rehabilitation strategy for a large urbanised catchment, with specific reference to the River Tame in the West Midlands. Consideration is given to (a) rainfall‐runoff relationships, (b) assessment of water quality and ecological status, and (c) predicting the impact of various management strategies.