Impact Of Local Development Research Articles

Analysing the Scope of Local Authorities (LAs) in Facilitating and Influencing the Sustainability of Foreign Direct Investment in Namibia: A Case Study of the Windhoek and Walvis Bay LAs

The negative and neutral developmental experiences of the Windhoek and Walvis Bay local authorities (LAs) with facilitating foreign direct investment (FDI) are disconcerting and contradict the bottom-up development approach in Namibia. The objective of this study is to analyse the legislative scope of LAs in facilitating and influencing FDI sustainability. A qualitative research method was followed by analysing secondary data and interviewing purposely selected key respondents. The thematic analysis of data was guided by two independent variables of interest: (1) decentralised functions of FDI facilitation in a multi-level governance (MLG) system; and (2) policy and legislative harmonisation in an MLG system. The key findings of this study indicate that the current scope of Namibian LA FDI facilitation functions are insufficient for influencing FDI sustainability for local development. The theoretical implications of this study are that it contributes to the sustenance of the MLG theory—which is inept at explaining the dynamics LAs experience in MLG systems. In the absence of an enabling legislative framework, the current study suggests the following practical implications: (1) bottom-up development using FDI cannot be achieved; (2) LAs cannot influence the sustainability of FDI for local development impact; and (3) LAs cannot protect local communities against the capitalist wrath and exploitative tendencies of FDI.

Inequality and access to services for remote populations: An Australian case study

Almost half of the world population lives in rural and remote areas facing more challenging and hazardous life conditions than the rest of the population. This paper and proposed method contribute to addressing an apparent gap in modelling travel-related decisions of rural and remote populations to enhance equitable access to basic amenities (e.g., education, health services, retail) for these populations. The application of these models is highly relevant for planning and policy purposes in remote communities. This paper uses data obtained from a mobility survey of remote Aboriginal communities in Central Australia to estimate purpose-specific destination choice models for access to basic services. The analysis is based on stated preference data to measure the attractiveness of destinations. Then, the models are used to analyse the impact of increasing the number of services provided in the remote communities. A better understanding of the impact of local development on travel patterns in remote communities is provided by analysing three aspects: attracted trips to the destinations, reduction of distance travelled by travellers in all the communities and improved equity in the distribution of travel distance among the communities. The case study illustrates the method successfully determines the most relevant parameters in the decisions of the surveyed individuals and determines potential destinations for local development, with the final objective of contributing to the alleviation of accessibility and inclusion problems in remote areas.

Comment on Gazi et al. (2020): Detecting Coral Reef Degradation on St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh?

St. Martin’s Island is a small sedimentary island situated at the southernmost part of Bangladesh (20°37.6′ N and 92°19.3′ E). The island is surrounded by rocky reefs composed of Neogene bedrock consisting of moderately hard and soft sandstones and conglomerates belonging to the Tipam Sandstone (Islam in Bangladesh J Univ Sheffield Geol Soc 7:269–275, 1980). The rocky reefs are covered by fields of conglomerate boulders and calcareous concretions that provide a suitable substrate for coral settlement and the establishment of coral communities. Before 1997 it was reported that St. Martin’s Island was a coral island surrounded by coral reefs (Ahmed in Bangladesh J Environ Sci 1:67–73, 1995; Anwar in National workshop on coastal area resource development and management, Part II. CARDMA, BRAC Printers Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp 36–66, 1988; UNEP/IUCN in Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Gulf. UNEP regional seas and bibliographies. IUCN, Gland, 1988). However, the first underwater survey conducted in 1997 did not find any evidence of coral reefs (Tomascik in Management plan for coral resources of Narikel Jinjira (St. Martin's Island). National Conservation Strategy Implementation Project-1, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, p 125, 1997). The island has become an important tourism destination and concerns have been raised about the impact of local development on its coral resources (Tomascik 1997). Recently a paper was published on the degradation of coral reefs on St. Martin’s Island (Gazi et al. in Ocean Sci J 55(3):419–431, 2020) that makes many factually incorrect assertions. The rocky reefs that surround the island have been misclassified by Gazi et al. (2020) as “coral reefs”. Here, we discuss Gazi et al. (2020) and examine if the results and conclusions provide factual evidence of spatiotemporal coral reef degradation.

Linking household and productive use of electricity with mini-grid dimensioning and operation

Off-grid systems, and mini-grids in particular, are expected to play a significant role in improving electricity access to one billion people until 2040. One of the major challenges for mini-grids is associated with their high costs, low financial viability and local development impact. Productive use of electricity can be an important driver of local development and impacts the total load in a mini-grid. By using a mixture of high-resolution (minutes) measurements and long-term data (years) on electricity expenditures and purchased electricity from a mini-grid in the Tanzanian highlands, we analyse the technical and economic impact from household and productive use of electricity, respectively. The high-resolution data is analysed using performance indicators and the long-term data using regression tools. We find that a mixture of household use and productive use of electricity provides both technical and economic benefits for the operator. In addition, we find that while productive use customers only represent 25% of the customers, they generate 44% of the operator's income. Furthermore, productive use of electricity customers are also likely responsible for the peak demand in the mini-grid, which occurs during day time. Lastly, we find empirical evidence suggesting that expenditures and demand are unit elastic, which has implications on economic policies for supporting rural electrification.

"지역개발영향부담금 집행 차이에 대한 원인 탐색하기: 플로리다 카운티를 중심으로"

"지역개발영향부담금 집행 차이에 대한 원인 탐색하기: 플로리다 카운티를 중심으로"

Big science and human development – what is the connection?

The rationale for public expenditure and political support for large-scale science infrastructure is commonly underpinned by a universalist logic of big science’s benefits. Literature assessing the impact of big science focuses on its contributions towards new fundamental insights about the universe; the development of skills, capabilities, networks, and innovation; and the development of globally transformative technology platforms that in turn make significant impacts on global human development. However, research into the local development impact of big science infrastructure is scarce. In this paper we reflect on the development impact of a big science project at the local level, drawing on the case study of the Square Kilometre Array telescope in South Africa’s Karoo region. We find that the universalist logic that appears to apply at the global and national levels does not necessarily apply at the local level, where big science has resulted in human development benefits, but also substantial economic and social costs. On this basis we recommend that big science infrastructures, particularly in marginalised areas of developing countries, require a localised development proposition that takes into account local social complexities on the basis of extensive local engagement.Significance:
 
 A synthetic review is presented of the different causal pathways through which big science may impact on human development.
 Analytical distinctions are developed between the human development impacts of big science at the global, national, and local scales.
 Considerations are put forward for a developmental agenda for big science facilities, particularly in developing countries.

Determinants for Local Development Impact Fees: Creating a new hypothesis based on Tiebout theory

Determinants for Local Development Impact Fees: Creating a new hypothesis based on Tiebout theory

The Sustainable Local Development in Romania - Key Issues for Heritage Sector

The increasing interest for local development came amid global economical, social and political changes. The globalization and the international economic crisis, the increasing phenomenon of relocation of businesses, internal structures of large industrial groups, and institutionalizing local autonomy as a European principle made the discussions about local development to be the subject of interest to the academic world, but especially for policy makers. For Romanian public policy, the sustainable local development became a strategically tool to sustain the heritage sector (public and private) and constitutes the goals of national strategies on social and economical development. Our paper aim is to reveal the level of Romanian sustainable local development in the context of European principles applied and to analyze the impact at the local communities as an important means of valuing regional and local heritage. This vision of the community about its future development should be shared with all relevant actors at local and translated into a set of specific objectives and a clear action plan to provide good governance. The paper includes some explorative conceptual aspect focused on theoretical and practical analysis of sustainable local development, using the empirical data provided by the strategic documents and by Euro stat in order to respond to the following aspects: to highlight the scientific literature concerning the sustainable local development; to analyze the legal requirements (European and Romanian rules) of local development and heritage in Romania; to analyze from economical point of view the impact of local development and the implications on the local and regional heritage.

PSY16 - Orphan Drug Access: Risk/Reward Analysis of Local Clinical Development in Chile

As many orphan drug (OD) manufacturers expand their businesses across emerging markets(EM) they are faced with restrictive and often non-existent funding pathways. As a result pricing and reimbursement (P&R) negotiations remain very challenging, pushing manufactures to explore the value of local clinical development in supporting access. To a) understand the value of local clinical development for payers, to support reimbursement in Chile, and b) compare and contrast against four other emerging markets: Russia, Turkey, India and China. In-depth interviews were conducted with 3 stakeholders per market including national payers, reimbursement committee advisors and rare diseases clinical specialists, to understand a) Current OD funding pathways; b) P&R decision drivers; and c) Impact of local development on reimbursement. Selected value drivers were used to develop a scale and qualitatively measure the risk/reward analysis of local clinical development on OD access. The impact of local development on OD reimbursement varies across markets. Respondents in Chile (n=3) highlighted that clinical development will have a strong influence on future willingness to pay, but the opportunity will remain small due to lack of clarity around long-term funding. In Turkey (n=3), providing access to patients through compassionate use schemes, prior to obtaining registration, positively impacts reimbursement.While in Russia, conducting a local clinical trial adds no value to the P&R decision process as cited by payers (n=3). As for India and China where price remains the overriding factor, respondents (n=6) stated that national reimbursement remains a distant prospect. High clinical experts’ awareness, strong influence of advocacy groups and developing OD funding pathways renders Chile and Turkey the most attractive EM for local development. While in comparison, the generation of local patient data is also favoured across the remaining markets, price remains the overriding factors influencing access and reimbursement.

The impact of the biotechnology industry on local economic development in the Boston and San Diego metropolitan areas

High-technology/knowledge-intensive industries have become of increasing importance as sources of job growth and revenue to communities seeking to develop their economies. Communities want these industries so that they can be as economically vigorous as possible. However, although high-tech industries such as biotechnology are coveted as drivers of economic development, the local development impact of these clusters of regional innovation is not entirely positive. This is especially true with regard to the impact upon the low and semi-skilled populations. In some regions, the new growth generated by high-tech clusters has converted relatively inexpensive open space into haphazard commercial and industrial use that has contributed to sprawl, transportation congestion, lack of affordable housing, and gentrification. These problems are particularly evident in the Boston and San Diego metropolitan areas, which rank as the second and third largest U.S. biotechnology clusters respectively. This paper seeks to gauge the local economic development impact—especially with regard to the labor and real estate markets—of the biotechnology clusters in the San Diego and Boston metropolitan areas.

Childcare: An Investigation of Labour Market Issues

CAMPBELL J., SCOTT G. and THOMSON E. (2003) Childcare: an investigation of labour market issues, Reg. Studies 37, 957–967. Over recent years the UK government and the Scottish Executive have demonstrated a commitment to the development of childcare services through the use of both supply and demand subsidies. This paper reviews the rationale for the UK National Childcare Strategy and its Scottish equivalent, with a focus on the local development impact of each strategy. The findings of a recent survey of childcare provision in Glasgow are used to illustrate some of the key operational aspects of the Scottish childcare strategy. The survey paints a picture of a very diverse sector in terms of pay, employment stability and funding sources. This diversity is reinforced by the variety of public sector agencies involved in the promotion of childcare. The main conclusion is that despite the publication of the Childcare Strategies in 1998, there is a need for a more strategic approach if the objectives outlined in those documents are to be realised.CAMPBELL J., SCOTT G. et THOMSON E. (2003) Les structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire: un examen des questions relatives au marché du travail,Reg. Studies 37, 957–967. Au cours des dernières années,le gouvernement britannique et le pouvoir exécutif en Ecosse se sont engagés à développer des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire par moyen des aides octroyées en fonction de la demande et de l'offre. Cet article cherche à faire la critique de la raison d'être de la statégie nationale en faveur du développement au Royaume-Uni des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire(UK National Childcare Strategy) et de la stratégie équivalente écossaise, et focalise les retombées de chacune des stratégies sur le plan local. On se sert des résultats provenant d'une enquête récente du développement des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire à Glasgow afin d'illustrer quelques-uns des aspects opérationnels clés de la stratégieécossaise en faveur de l'établissement des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire.L'enquête brosse un tableau d'un secteur divers en termes des salaires, de la stabilité de l'emploi et des ressources financières.Cette diversité se voit renforcée par la gamme des agences publiques qui s'occupent de la promotion des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire. La conclusion principale c'est la suivante. Malgré la publication des stratégies en faveur du développement des structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire en1998, il faut une approche plus stratégique afin de réaliser les objectifs esquissés dans ces documents.CAMPBELL J., SCOTT G. und THOMSON E. (2003) Kinderfürsorge: eine Untersuchung von Arbeitsmarktproblemen,Reg. Studies 37, 957–967. In den letzten Jahren haben die britische Regierung und die schottische Exekutive sich für die Entwicklung der Kinderfürsorge mittels Subventionierung von Angebot und Nachfrage eingesetzt. Dieser Aufsatz bespricht die Gründe für die landesweite britische Strategie für Kinderfürsorge,sowie ihr schottisches Gegenstück, wobei sie besonders die Auswirkung beider Strategien auf die Entwicklung vor Ort unter die Lupe nimmt. Die Befunde einer kürzlich durchgeführten Untersuchung der in Glasgow geschaffenen Einrichtungen für Kinderfürsorge werden dazu benutzt, einige der einsatzfähigen Hauptaspekte der schottischen Kinderfürsorgestrategie zu beleuchten. Das Gutachten zeichnet ein Bild eines in Sachen Bezahlung, gleichbleibender Erwerbstätigkeit und Geldgeberquellen sehr unterschiedlichen Sektors.Diese Verschiedenartigkeit wird durch die Vielfalt der Agenturen desöffentlichen Sektors verstärkt, die sich mit Förderung der Kinderfürsorge beschäftigen. Die Hauptschlußfolgerung besteht darin, daß es trotz Veröffentlichung der Kinderfürsorgestrategien im Jahre 1998 eines strategisch verfeinerten Angehens bedarf, wenn die Ziele, die in jenen Papieren umrissen werden, auch durchgeführt werden sollen.