Impact Of Light Sources Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence Technology for Interactive Mobile Devices and Its Application in 3D Visual Design

The use of visual rationality in planning and designing indoor 3D spaces can effectively enhance the quality of environmental art design. For the rational planning and design of 3D spaces, it is essential to assign attribute values to the rational evaluation index of 3D space planning, determine the weight vector of rational evaluation factors for indoor 3D space planning, and accomplish the visual rationality planning and design of indoor 3D spaces. 3D reconstruction is one of the primary objectives and focal points of machine vision research. The principle is to extract 3D information from the 2D image captured by the machine’s sensors in order to reconstruct a 3D scene model. The traditional method constructs the evaluation index system for indoor 3D space planning to determine the weight of the evaluation index for alternative points. However, it overlooks the weight vector of the evaluation factors, leading to low accuracy in rational planning. This paper optimizes the effect of structured light reconstruction using photometric stereo vision. Firstly, the text delves into the impact of light sources on the 3D reconstruction effect. Subsequently, a fusion algorithm combining 3D and structured light reconstruction methods is introduced, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Experimental results show that this algorithm has a superior 3D reconstruction effect.

Nighttime Image Dehazing Based on Point Light Sources

Images routinely suffer from quality degradation in fog, mist, and other harsh weather conditions. Consequently, image dehazing is an essential and inevitable pre-processing step in computer vision tasks. Image quality enhancement for special scenes, especially nighttime image dehazing is extremely well studied for unmanned driving and nighttime surveillance, while the vast majority of dehazing algorithms in the past were only applicable to daytime conditions. After observing a large number of nighttime images, artificial light sources have replaced the position of the sun in daytime images and the impact of light sources on pixels varies with distance. This paper proposed a novel nighttime dehazing method using the light source influence matrix. The luminosity map can well express the photometric difference value of the picture light source. Then, the light source influence matrix is calculated to divide the image into near light source region and non-near light source region. Using the result of two regions, the two initial transmittances obtained by dark channel prior are fused by edge-preserving filtering. For the atmospheric light term, the initial atmospheric light value is corrected by the light source influence matrix. Finally, the final result is obtained by substituting the atmospheric light model. Theoretical analysis and comparative experiments verify the performance of the proposed image dehazing method. In terms of PSNR, SSIM, and UQI, this method improves 9.4%, 11.2%, and 3.3% over the existed night-time defogging method OSPF. In the future, we will explore the work from static picture dehazing to real-time video stream dehazing detection and will be used in detection on potential applications.

Photo-Fenton disinfection at near neutral pH: Process, parameter optimization and recent advances

Abstract The photo-Fenton process is an advanced oxidation process that uses the hydroxyl radical to disinfect and decontaminate water. Its non-selectivity makes it ideal for the removal of a range of microorganisms including those with antimicrobial resistance. Optimum parameters such as pH, temperature, hydrogen peroxide and iron concentrations and the intensity and wavelength of light irradiation are important to carry out an efficient photo-Fenton process. Traditionally photo-Fenton has been carried out at low acidic pH to obtain greater efficiency, but recent studies have been performed at near neutral. The current review examines the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton process at a near neutral pH for the disinfection of water. The optimal pH was seen to be at 2.8, with the efficiency of the photo-Fenton process decreasing as the pH rises. The optimal reagent concentrations showed considerable variation depending on the iron catalyst used and the iron to hydrogen peroxide concentration used. The effect of irradiance and temperature showed improved efficiency with higher levels. Different types of microorganisms such as E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp., total Coliforms, MRSA, MSSA, B. subtilis, Clostridium sp., Faecal Coliform, MS2 coliphage and Curvularia sp. are also examined and the effect the process will have on them. The design of reactors, such as compound parabolic reactors are also examined. The impact of light sources, including the recent reports on LEDs, on the production of hydrogen peroxide and thereby the improvement in the overall photo-Fenton disinfection is also discussed in detail. Finally, a techno-economic analysis to explain various costs associated with photo-Fenton process has also been carried out. It is concluded that the development of new heterogeneous supported immobilised catalysts that could work at the near neutral pH is an area, which requires considerable future research.

Discomfort glare of tungsten halogen and high intensity discharge headlamps

For the evaluation of headlamps in everyday traffic situations, discomfort glare is an important aspect in addition to quality of illumination. The Laboratory of Lighting Technology at the Technische Universitat Darmstadt has been doing research on discomfort glare evaluation for several decades. Now the impact of light source, headlamp optics and spectrum of adaptation field on discomfort glare in real traffic situations was tested for the first time within one test series for tungsten halogen and high intensity discharge (so-called HID or Xenon) headlamps. Moreover, the measured results are compared with calculated values, based on a spectral sensitivity function for discomfort glare.

The impact of light source on discrimination ability in subjects with age-related macular degeneration

To examine the influence of light source on letter contrast sensitivity in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Halogen incandescent bulbs and low-energy fluorescent tubes were tested with 70 subjects with AMD. The subjects' contrast sensitivity was determined in a randomized single-blind crossover study for each light source using photopically illuminated Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity charts. The test subjects' subjective light source preference was also determined. The mean contrast sensitivity for the incandescent light source was 1.28 ± 0.29 (mean ± SD), and for the fluorescent light source 1.17 ± 0.29, p < 0.001. The illuminance was 338 lux (± 9) for the incandescent light, and 339 lux (± 11) for the fluorescent light. Forty-nine subjects preferred the incandescent light source, while none preferred the fluorescent light source for maximum detail and clarity. Nineteen had no preference. This finding is statistically significant. Fifteen of the 19 subjects without a preference had no difference in contrast sensitivity, which supports their lack of preference. There was no significant difference with regard to sex or order of exposure to light source. Subjects with AMD had significantly reduced contrast sensitivity compared with expected normal values. We found no relationship between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. We are only able to recommend photopic full spectral radiance incandescent light sources to visually impaired subjects for their domestic surroundings. Furthermore, we recommend the use of full spectral radiance light sources for the illumination of Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity charts. Given equal illuminance, as in our study, the findings show that contrast sensitivity was better by illumination with incandescent light with full spectral radiance compared with fluorescent light with interrupted spectral radiance.