Impact Of Lifestyles Research Articles

Viral community-wide auxiliary metabolic genes differ by lifestyles, habitats, and hosts

BackgroundViral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) are important toolkits for modulating their hosts’ metabolisms and the microbial-driven biogeochemical cycles. Although the functions of AMGs have been extensively reported in numerous environments, we still know little about the drivers that shape the viral community-wide AMG compositions in natural ecosystems. Exploring the drivers of viral community-wide AMG compositions is critical for a deeper understanding of the complex interplays among viruses, hosts, and the environments.ResultsHere, we investigated the impact of viral lifestyles (i.e., lytic and lysogenic), habitats (i.e., water, particle, and sediment), and prokaryotic hosts on viral AMG profiles by utilizing metagenomic and metatranscriptomic techniques. We found that viral lifestyles were the most important drivers, followed by habitats and host identities. Specifically, irrespective of what habitats viruses came from, lytic viruses exhibited greater AMG diversity and tended to encode AMGs for chaperone biosynthesis, signaling proteins, and lipid metabolism, which could boost progeny reproduction, whereas temperate viruses were apt to encode AMGs for host survivability. Moreover, the lytic and temperate viral communities tended to mediate the microbial-driven biogeochemical cycles, especially nitrogen metabolism, in different manners via AMGs. When focusing on each lifestyle, we further found clear dissimilarity in AMG compositions between water and sediment, as well the divergent AMGs encoded by viruses infecting different host orders.ConclusionsOverall, our study provides a first systematic characterization of the drivers of viral community-wide AMG compositions and further expands our knowledge of the distinct interactions of lytic and temperate viruses with their prokaryotic hosts from an AMG perspective, which is critical for understanding virus-host-environment interactions in natural conditions.-i-eSMHy56EjkBsNfneT5sVideo

운동루틴에 관한 뉴스 프레임 분석

Purpose: This study aims at analyzing the frame of news on an exercise routine, which was publicized by the media.BR Method: The data collection for this study utilized Bigkinds, news searching internet site. The reports of major national newspapers, business newspapers, and broadcasting companies had been harnessed and the span of the reports had been set to one year from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. ‘Routine’and ‘exercise’ had been utilized as search words and the word ‘player’ was excluded. 181 news reports were assessed and this study was carried out by employing Bigkinds keyword analysis with its visualization, content frame analysis, and chi-square test by way of SPSS 26. The significance level of hypothesis verification was set as α=.05.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, there had been such words as Miracle, Hal Elrod who authored『Miracle Morning』, Youtube, and Instagram among the words related to exercise routine that had been highly pertinent to the COVID 19 as a result of analyzing a keyword relation diagram on an exercise routine. The upper-ranking keywords which have been selected by word cloud had been highly relevant to exercise routines were stretching and training activities in the gym or at home. Second, news frames on exercise routine could be categorized by the challenge of a disciplined life, the impact of regular exercise, healthy lifestyles and media content on daily life. The frame of exercise routine in the media had been changed, a difference that had been influenced by the time of news reports, the section of news reports and the type of news media.BR Conclusion: The culture of exercise routine in COVID 19 can be interpreted as a behavior to promote self-realization in a practical way in a broader perspective. It can also be assessed as a negotiated strategy to overcome leisure constraints resulting from the degree of crowding and lack of space in leisure sports terms. The frame of the exercise routine reflects the characteristics from generation to generation. The different patterns of consuming media content on exercise routine by generation have been identified. There is a significant difference in the frame of exercise routine which was influenced by the time of news reports, the section of them and the type of news media.

Effects of Physical and Psychological Characteristics and Need for Appearance Management on Appearance Management Behavior and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Men

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of physical and psychological characteristics of middle-aged men and the need for appearance management on related behaviors and quality of life. Based on this, we provide primary data so that middle-aged men can experience a healthy and wonderful middle age. This study surveyed middle-aged men for 31 days from April 28, 2021, to May 28, 2021. A total of 328 copies were collected and used for final analysis. As a result of the analysis, the higher the psychological anxiety, the higher the interest in appearance management behavior. Also, the more they felt the need for psychological and physical management, the higher their interest in appearance and appearance management behavior. It was found that these respondents were taking care of their appearance to improve their quality of life. It is hoped that research will continue in the future, and these follow-up studies will be able to determine the physical and psychological impact of overall lifestyles.

The impact of lifestyles on the periodontal health among 35–44 years old adult population in Lucknow district: A cross-sectional study

Background: Periodontal disorder continues to be a major issue worldwide. It is closely related to lifestyles and strongly determined by behavioral factors. Aim: To assess the different lifestyle factors and overall lifestyle variables affecting the periodontal health among 35–44 years old adult population in Lucknow district. Objectives: (1) To determine the influence of various lifestyle factors on adult periodontal health among urban and rural population. (2) To measure the effect on periodontal adult health of the overall lifestyle variables measured by the health practice index (HPI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research w as performed on 400 participants aged 35–44 years, consisting of a standardized questionnaire on HPI, oral health-related behavior, and personal behaviors, as well as sociodemographic variables. Clinical examination for periodontal status was done by recording the loss of attachment (LOA) scores using the community periodontal index (WHO-2013). Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The variables that showed an independent association with periodontitis were location, smoking, sleeping hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, nutritional balance, mental stress with LOA of periodontal tissues; the results of multivariate regression analysis are statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study supports an overall management of chronic periodontitis using different lifestyles. Vital public health action is needed on factors that define unhealthy lifestyle habits across the community, which is achievable through promoting healthy lifestyles through patient engagement in self-care.

Neurohormonal Profiles of Assistance Dogs Compared to Pet Dogs: What Is the Impact of Different Lifestyles?

Simple SummaryDogs are currently involved in various roles in our society beyond companionship. The tasks humans assign to them impact their daily life and can sometimes create stressful situations, possibly jeopardizing their welfare. For example, assistance dogs need to manage their emotions in various challenging situations and environments. Thus, the capacity to cope with emotional stress is highly desirable in assistance dogs (~40% of assistance dogs fail to complete their education program). The emotional and stress responses are guided by brain processes involving neuromodulators. Neurohormonal profiling of these dogs can: (i) give cues about their emotional suitability to fulfill an assistance role; (ii) enhance their selection; and (iii) help to assess and improve their welfare state during the training course. We compared basal blood levels of three neuromodulators of interest between two populations, assistance vs. pet dogs. We found significantly different concentrations of oxytocin, a neuromodulator involved in social behavior. Levels of prolactin, a putative marker of chronic stress, were higher (although not statistically significant) and variable in assistance dogs. Dogs’ age also seemed to influence the various neuromodulators levels. These findings highlight the impact of different lifestyles undergone by dogs and the possibility to use neurohormonal profiling to monitor their effect on the dogs’ welfare and stress state.Assistance dogs must manage stress efficiently because they are involved in challenging tasks. Their welfare is currently a fundamental issue. This preliminary study aimed to compare assistance dogs (AD; n = 22) with pet dogs (PD; n = 24), using blood neuromodulator indicators to help find biomarkers that can improve the AD breeding, selection, training, and welfare monitoring. Both populations originated from different breeds, are of different ages, and had different lifestyles. Basal peripheral concentrations of prolactin (PRL), serotonin (5-HT), free (fOT) and total (tOT) oxytocin were measured by immunoassays. Multiple linear regressions were performed to assess the effect of activity, age, sex, and their interactions on these parameters. Correlations between neurohormonal levels were analyzed. No interactions were significant. fOT and tOT concentrations were significantly influenced by age (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively) and dogs’ activity (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.0277, respectively). A tendency was observed for age effect on PRL (p = 0.0625) and 5-HT (p = 0.0548), as well as for sex effect on tOT (p = 0.0588). PRL concentrations were heterogenous among AD. fOT and tOT were significantly but weakly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.34; p = 0.04). Blood prolactin, serotonin, and oxytocin may represent biomarkers to assess workload and chronic stress-related responses in ADs and eventually improve their selection and training.

Exploring the Impact of Cerebrovascular Disease and Major Depression on Non-diseased Human Tissue Transcriptomes.

BackgroundThe development of complex diseases is contributed by the combination of multiple factors and complicated interactions between them. Inflammation has recently been associated with many complex diseases and may cause long-term damage to the human body. In this study, we examined whether two types of complex disease, cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or major depression (MD), systematically altered the transcriptomes of non-diseased human tissues and whether inflammation is linked to identifiable molecular signatures, using post-mortem samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project.ResultsFollowing a series of differential expression analyses, dozens to hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in multiple tissues between subjects with and without a history of CVD or MD. DEGs from these disease-associated tissues—the visceral adipose, tibial artery, caudate, and spinal cord for CVD; and the hypothalamus, putamen, and spinal cord for MD—were further analyzed for functional enrichment. Many pathways associated with immunological events were enriched in the upregulated DEGs of the CVD-associated tissues, as were the neurological and metabolic pathways in DEGs of the MD-associated tissues. Eight gene-tissue pairs were found to overlap with those prioritized by our transcriptome-wide association studies, indicating a potential genetic effect on gene expression for circulating cytokine phenotypes.ConclusionCerebrovascular disease and major depression cause detectable changes in the gene expression of non-diseased tissues, suggesting that a possible long-term impact of diseases, lifestyles and environmental factors may together contribute to the appearance of “transcriptomic scars” on the human body. Furthermore, inflammation is probably one of the systemic and long-lasting effects of cerebrovascular events.

The Impact of Healthy Lifestyles on Late Sequelae in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Survivors. A Systematic Review by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi.

Simple SummaryWith the presented study, Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) researchers want to fill a gap in the literature regarding long-lived lymphoma patients (beyond 5 years after diagnosis). These patients can develop a series of late sequelae that affect their quality of life and overall survival, especially cardiotoxicity and secondary malignancies. In this context, although part of the risk is closely related to the chemotherapy and radiotherapy, some risk factors can be modified through tertiary prevention. There are currently no specific indications for tertiary prevention in the subset of long-term lymphoma survivors. This systematic review conducted by the FIL researchers is aimed at understanding whether there is evidence that correcting unhealthy lifestyles can reduce the onset of late sequelae.Background: In recent years, the scientific community has been paying ever more attention to the promotion of lifestyles aimed at the prevention of late toxicities related to anti-cancer treatments. Methods: Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) researchers conducted a systematic review in order to evaluate the evidence in favor of the promotion of lifestyles aimed at the prevention of the main sequelae of long-term classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in survivors treated at adulthood with first-line or second-line therapy, including autologous stem cell transplants (ASCTs). Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2020. Results: Seven studies were ultimately included in this systematic review; some of them were eligible for multiple PICOS. The majority of the studies emerged from data extraction regarding cHL; less evidence resulted for DLBCL survivors. Five studies in favor of physical activity provided consistent data for a reduction of the cardiovascular risk in cHL and also in survivors who underwent ASCT. A beneficial effect of physical activity in reducing chronic fatigue was found. Being overweight was associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease in cHL survivors in one of the two eligible studies. Studies aiming to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on late toxicities and secondary cancers were lacking. Tailored survivorship care plans (SCP) seemed to represent an optimal tool to guide the follow-up and promote healthier lifestyles in the one eligible study. Thus, promotion of healthy lifestyles and empowering of lymphoma survivors should be implemented through structured models. The study also brought to light numerous areas of future clinical research.

The impact of healthy lifestyles on academic achievement among Italian adolescents

We evaluated the association between healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in a sample of 373 adolescent Italian students. Specifically, we investigated on the association between use of illegal drugs, habits to practice a regular physical, typology of diet, levels of social support, levels of self-esteem, level of Internet use, perceived stress and amount of sleep and academic achievement. Academic performance was positively correlated with good diet, perceived social support, and self-esteem. A statistically significant difference emerged between students with high versus low correct grade point averages in relation to lifetime and current use of illegal drugs. Last, academic performance was negatively correlated with Internet use, perceived stress, and bad diet. A multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to predict academic achievement based on good diet, physical activity, self-esteem, sleep hours, perceived stress, problematic Internet use, perceived social support, and lifetime substance use while controlling for age, gender, and years of education. As expected, healthy lifestyles behaviors were highlighted as a significant predictor in academic achievement. Specifically, it was showed that a good diet as well as nonproblematic Internet use significantly predicted academic success. Moreover, it was found that gender did not moderate the relationship between those predictors and academic achievement. The results of our study show that to practice healthy lifestyle behaviors is a relevant factor for a better performance at school, at least in our sample.

Measuring pedestrian quality standards: a case study of Al-Khourng walkway and Al-Rawan Street

Streets are an important component of the urban form and the most popular urban space in the city. Therefore, our streets deserve to be more than just traffic lanes because the negative impact of car-centered lifestyles has led to the reduction of urban spaces and their inadequacy with human needs, as it creates a social burden. We are also increasingly aware of the devastating cost of car air pollution, to our health. Cities are starting to realize that by encouraging more people to walk by reducing the number of car trips, as in old cities. A healthier and equal society can be created, business and investment attracted, and streets become a vital space for pedestrians and need to be governed effectively and efficiently to promote a conducive, sustainable and friendly environment for all. The aim of this study is to find out the difference between a pedestrian street scene and a car based on the characteristics of a pedestrian-friendly environment. The study area that will be covered in the research in the practical side is the Al-Khoranq walkway in the old city of Najaf with an organic planning and Al-Rawan Street in the modern districts of Najaf with network planning. As for the practical side of the research, geographic information systems technology was used with field surveys and image capture of the study area. The study reached a conclusion that the planning of our city around cars left many streets unattractive places for walking or hiking due to the failure to achieve safety and comfort for pedestrians, unlike pedestrian streets that were planned for the person and achieve his well-being when using the street.

Value-Based Approach to Assess the Impact of Lifestyles on Mode Shares

Travel behavior research has long been dominated by a rational perspective considering primarily objective factors such as price, travel time, and speed. Only at the end of the 1990s was attention also paid to subjective factors such as perceptions and attitudes. Since then, a growing number of studies combine objective and subjective factors in explaining travel behavior. This paper adds to this by focusing on the influence of lifestyles on mode share. To this end, an online survey was carried out in Belgium, completed successfully by 334 respondents. Lifestyles were measured based on a psychographic or value-based approach using the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) developed by Schwartz. Results of a structural equation model (SEM) indicate that using value-based lifestyles adds new insights to the analysis of mode share. Personal values have not only a direct effect on mode share but also an indirect effect because of interactions with urban residential location choices, car ownership decisions, and activity patterns. The findings suggest that public transport use could be encouraged by promoting it as an act of caring for others. At the same time, policy-makers should invest in creating positive experiences for travelers using public transport.

Impact of Healthy Life, Education and Living Standard on Spread of COVID-19 in Developed and Underdeveloped Countries

This study tries to find out the impact of healthy lifestyles, education and living standard on spread of corona in developed and underdeveloped nations. For this purpose, two sets of variables have been analyzed. They are Human Development Index (HDI) and spread of corona in both developed and underdeveloped nations taking 40 countries into consideration. This shows that if country people have healthy life, educated and higher living standards, there will be decreased population growth but the increased infected cases, increased recovery cases, and decreased death of people. There is direct relation between the HDI and Spread of Corona and recovery and death from it. It is also found that there is a risk being pushed large population into poverty with nutritional trap. In common parlance it is believed that the spread of corona virus is also higher degree in underdeveloped countries and spread level will be lower in developed countries. However, in this study this common parlance notion has been challenged. The spread of corona virus is higher in degree in developed countries and lower in degree in underdeveloped countries. It is because developed countries are populous in cities and countryside whereas volume of population in cities and village in underdeveloped countries are comparatively smaller in volumes that hinder the spread of corona virus in underdeveloped countries. Similarly, large populations of developed countries do not follow traditional and homely available method of corona protection whereas people of underdeveloped nations better position. Despite it, recoveries from corona virus in developed countries are quicker but it is protracted in recovery process of underdeveloped countries. This situation further worsens underdeveloped countries toward poverty trap that will increase bad nutritional population. Furthermore, death toll is higher degree in developed countries from corona virus whereas it is comparatively lower in size in underdeveloped countries.

The Environmental Impact of Consumption Lifestyles: Ethically Minded Consumption vs. Tightwads

This study investigates the environmental impact of anti-consumption lifestyles and compares it to environmental concern and ethically minded consumption. Environmental impact was measured in a sample of 357 individuals with a carbon footprint calculator capturing all greenhouse gases released by an individual’s activities. Three types of anti-consumption lifestyles were considered: frugality, voluntary simplicity, and tightwadism. Results suggest that tightwadism is negatively associated with environmental impact. This negative association is stronger when participants are knowledgeable about the emissions impact of their behaviors. These findings suggest that tightwadism can lead to positive outcomes to achieve sustainability. Surprisingly, frugality and voluntary simplicity, as well as environmental concern, are not significantly associated with environmental impact, whereas ethically minded consumption correlates positively with the latter. This study demonstrates that increasing consumers’ environmental and ethical concerns alone might not be an effective way to lead them towards a more sustainable lifestyle. Such findings have important implications for sustainability and public policy makers.

Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function.

Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.

DAMPAK FINANCIAL QUOTIENT DAN LIFESTYLE TERHADAP FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR DOSEN WANITA DI STIE PANCASETIA BANJARMASIN

Financial behavior is a reflection of human behavior in managing their finances, many&#x0D; things that can affect, including financial quotient and lifestyles. The aim of the study is&#x0D; to understand the impact of financial quotient and lifestyles on financial behavior of&#x0D; female lecturers at STIE Pancasetia Banjarmasin. Data was collected through indepthinterview&#x0D; with&#x0D; three&#x0D; &#x0D; resource persons who teach finance or e-commerce. Understanding&#x0D; financial does not necessarily make a person implement it comprehensively in life,&#x0D; especially for female workers who are relatively young, there is a tendency not to pay&#x0D; attention to risks and protection for their future. Today’s lifestyle is closely related to the&#x0D; nurture, and this can be seen from their habits in using money. Individuals with better&#x0D; financial quotient will better understand how to plan the utilization of their income so&#x0D; they will choose a lifestyle that suits them, so they will behave in accordance with these&#x0D; choices. &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Financial Behavior, Financial Quotient, Lifestyles, Female

DAMPAK FINANCIAL QUOTIENT DAN LIFESTYLE TERHADAP FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR DOSEN WANITA DI STIE PANCASETIA BANJARMASIN

Financial behavior is a reflection of human behavior in managing their finances, many things that can affect, including financial quotient and lifestyles. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of financial quotient and lifestyles on financial behavior of female lecturers at STIE Pancasetia Banjarmasin. Data was collected through indepth- interview with three resource persons who teach finance or e-commerce. Understanding financial does not necessarily make a person implement it comprehensively in life, especially for female workers who are relatively young, there is a tendency not to pay attention to risks and protection for their future. Today’s lifestyle is closely related to the nurture, and this can be seen from their habits in using money. Individuals with better financial quotient will better understand how to plan the utilization of their income so they will choose a lifestyle that suits them, so they will behave in accordance with these choices.

The characteristics of life-style of population of Vladivostok

Over the past 10 years in the Russian Federation, the health of citizens has been steadily deteriorating: the level of natural population decline is increasing, and life expectancy is decreasing. When analyzing the causes of mortality according to the Federal State Statistics Service, it was revealed that most cases are noncommunicable diseases, their determinants are biological, the state of the environment, medical care, conditions and lifestyle of people. The aim of the study is to identify the degree of commitment of the population of the city of Vladivostok to a healthy lifestyle. A socio-hygienic study was carried out, which included a mass survey of residents of Vladivostok by random sampling. Issues related to the impact of conditions and lifestyles on public health have been studied. Results: Analysis of the research data showed that 19% of men and 6% of women (p<0.05) lacked interest in life. A study of the data showed that currently 66% of women and 44% of men use tobacco products (p<0.05), 53% of women and 59% of men use alcohol (p<0.05), which are factors risk of noncommunicable socially significant diseases. The motivation for maintaining a healthy lifestyle of the population can be strengthened through systematic preventive measures to promote and maintain health.

The Impact of Lifestyles on Dental Caries of Adult Patients in Udupi District: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACTBackground:Dental caries is preventable if favorable health behavior is successfully established. Exploring the broader concept of lifestyle will be useful to determine that how lifestyle of people can affect dental caries.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of overall lifestyle of an individual (analyzed using health practice index) on dental caries of adult population.Material and Methods:This cross-sectional study comprising structured questions on health practice index, sociodemographic variables, and oral health-related behavior was conducted on 800 study subjects of age 20–50 years attending outreach dental setups of a dental school in India. Dental caries was recorded with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index.Statistical analysis was carried out using frequency distribution for variables related to lifestyle, mean ± standard deviation for DMFT, and negative binomial regression to predict a dependent variable (DMFT) that consisted of “count data.”Results:The study subjects who were older age, women, unemployed, and unskilled; those with lower education, lesser income, and lower socioeconomic status; those never visited dentist; and those with lesser frequency of cleaning teeth, overall poorer lifestyles, and moderate lifestyles were more prone to have dental caries than their counterparts.Conclusion:Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Patients’ involvement in self-care by promoting healthy behaviors such as brushing twice a day, visiting dentist regularly, negating orally abusive substance addiction, having breakfast every day, eating a balanced diet, and reducing stress leads to an overall good lifestyle. These factors along with sleeping a minimum of 7–8h per night and working for 8–9h per day and ample daily exercise may help patients improve or protect their oral health for years to come.

Sleep timing and duration in indigenous villages with and without electric lighting on Tanna Island, Vanuatu

It has been hypothesized that sleep in the industrialized world is in chronic deficit, due in part to evening light exposure, which delays sleep onset and truncates sleep depending on morning work or school schedules. If so, societies without electricity may sleep longer. However, recent studies of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists living traditional lifestyles without electricity report short sleep compared to industrialized population norms. To further explore the impact of lifestyles and electrification on sleep, we measured sleep by actigraphy in indigenous Melanesians on Tanna Island, Vanuatu, who live traditional subsistence horticultural lifestyles, in villages either with or without access to electricity. Sleep duration was long and efficiency low in both groups, compared to averages from actigraphy studies of industrialized populations. In villages with electricity, light exposure after sunset was increased, sleep onset was delayed, and nocturnal sleep duration was reduced. These effects were driven primarily by breastfeeding mothers living with electric lighting. Relatively long sleep on Tanna may reflect advantages of an environment in which food access is reliable, climate benign, and predators and significant social conflict absent. Despite exposure to outdoor light throughout the day, an effect of artificial evening light was nonetheless detectable on sleep timing and duration.

The Impact of Social Awareness and Lifestyles on Household Carbon Emissions in China

Household carbon emissions account for a significant proportion of the national total emissions. Using a unique nation-wide survey data, this paper investigates the impact of different subjective measures of social awareness on household carbon emissions in China. Subjective variables are found to have significant impacts on household carbon emissions. Feeling secure, compliance with rules, and happiness have negative and significant effects on household carbon emissions, whereas the impact of interest in social issues is positive, which indicates the existence of a gap between awareness and behavior. The impacts of consumer lifestyles on the relationship between awareness and household emissions are also explored and are found to play a significant role in the relationship between awareness and emissions. People with a frugal lifestyle not only associate with lower emissions but also reinforce the role of social awareness. Furthermore, substantial differences are found across rural/urban areas and regional and income groups in China. The government should further promote a green lifestyle and give households more incentives to engage in green consumption behavior.

The Impact of Socioeconomic Characteristics and Lifestyles on Vitamin D Deficit in Mentally Ill Patients

Abstract Mental illnesses put patients at high risk for vitamin D deficit. The aim of the research is to examine the impacts of socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyles on vitamin D deficiency in mentally diseased patients. In this crosssectional study we used blood samples from patients who were treated for mental disorders at Specialist-consultative unit of the Health Center and Clinical Center Kragujevac from May-June 2014. The study used a questionnaire for the assessment of vitamin D status. The study included 220 subjects with different types of mental disorders. Normal values of vitamin D were detected in 16% of patients whereas 64% of patients had vitamin D deficiency. The patients with vitamin D deficit were in average 3 years older than that but the difference is not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). The patients with vitamin D deficiency were primarily female (p=0.003), people with high-school education from urban environment who lived in bad life conditions (p&gt;0.05). Between patients with and without vitamin D deficiency there is no difference in cigarette consumption, in the number of cigarettes per day, in alcohol usage, in coffee consumption and in nutrition. However, the patients without vitamin D deficiency spent more time outside; during the past year were more exposed to sun and during the past seven days spent more than 30 minutes a day exposed to sunlight (p&lt;0.01). These facts indicate that there is a current need for further research in this area.