Impact Of Land Use Change Research Articles

Simulating the land use change effects on non-point source pollution in the Duliujian River Basin.

The uncertainty in the generation and formation of non-point source pollution makes it challenging to monitor and control this type of pollution. The SWAT model is frequently used to simulate non-point source pollution in watersheds and is mainly applied to natural watersheds that are less affected by human activities. This study focuses on the Duliujian River Basin (Xiqing section), which is characterized by a dense population and rapid urbanization. Based on the calibrated SWAT model, this study analyzed the effects of land use change on non-point source pollution both temporally and spatially. It was found that nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution load losses were closely related to land use type, with agricultural land and high-density urban land (including rural settlements) being the main contributors to riverine nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. This indicates the necessity of analyzing the impact of land use changes on non-point source pollution loads by identifying critical source areas and altering the land use types that contribute heavily to pollution in these areas. The simulation results of land use type changes in these critical source areas showed that the reduction effect on non-point source pollution load is in the order of forest land > grassland > low-density residential area. To effectively curb surface source pollution in the study area, strategies such as modifying urban land use types, increasing vegetation cover and ground infiltration rate, and strictly controlling the discharge of domestic waste and sewage from urban areas can be implemented.

Exploring the relationship between land use change patterns and variation in environmental factors within urban agglomeration

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 aims to promote a more livable urban environment for humanity. However, the rapid global urbanization process has exerted significant pressure on urban environment, posing challenges for many cities to achieve this target. The urbanization process within urban agglomeration is accompanied by rapid and diverse land use change. Exploring the relationship between land use change and environmental factors is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development. To address this issue, this study investigates the interactive relationship between pixel-scale land use change and environmental indicators (CO2, Land Surface Temperature, and PM2.5) in China's three major urban agglomerations from 2000 to 2020. This study aims to analyze major land use change patterns, explore intrinsic connections among environmental indicators, and assess the impact of land use change on these indicators. The findings show that cropland, forestland, and built-up land are the major types of land change in all three urban agglomerations. Regions characterized by high population density, heavy industry, and intense transportation exhibit more pollutant emissions. Rapid urban construction has resulted in different types of environmental degradation issues. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between urbanization and environmental issues.

Impact of Landuse Change on The Inundations in The Ciberes Watershed

Whenever the rainy season approaches, the Ciberes River always inundates a number of regions. This research was conducted to determine the effect of land use change on the inundation in the Ciberes Watershed, given the aforementioned context. Using land cover change data from 2000 to 2023, a hydrological and hydrodynamic analysis of the Ciberes Watershed is conducted to determine the impact of landuse change. This investigation employs HEC-HMS for hydrological modeling and HEC-RAS for 1D and 2D hydrodynamic modeling. The simulation results demonstrate that the change in CN value is directly proportional to the flood discharge, and the flood discharge is directly proportional to the height of the flood inundation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the river’s cross section can accommodate flood discharges with a return period of 50 years, except in coastal areas. whereas the floods that occurred in 2018 and 2022 have a 10-year return period. It can be concluded that the topographical condition of the river in the downstream segment, which has a higher elevation than the surrounding land and flat soil conditions, is the primary cause of inundation in the Ciberes Watershed.

Multi-Scenario Simulating the Impacts of Land Use Changes on Ecosystem Health in Urban Agglomerations on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountain, China

It is of great significance for scientific land use planning and ecological security protection to clarify the impacts of land use changes on an ecosystem’s health. Based on the dynamic evolution of land use and ecosystem health on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain (NSTM) from 2000 to 2020, this study utilized the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, the Vitality–Organization–Resilience–Services (VORS) model, and the elasticity approach to assess the impacts of land use changes on ecosystem health under four different scenarios: Natural Development Scenario (ND), Farmland Conservation Priority Scenario (FP), Ecological Conservation Priority Scenario (EP), and Urban Development Priority Scenario (UD). The results indicate that (1) land use on the NSTM from 2000 to 2020 was predominantly characterized by barren land and grassland. (2) The overall level of ecosystem health on the NSTM was poor from 2000 to 2020 but showed a gradual improvement trend. (3) Ecosystem health levels vary greatly across scenarios. In general, ecosystem health improves under FP and EP scenarios but deteriorates significantly under ND and UD scenarios. The resilience of ecosystem health varies significantly across different land categories. In the future, optimizing the current land use pattern and refining the ecological protection policy are essential to enhance ecosystem health and services in the NSTM.

Discrepancy and estimates of groundwater recharge under different land use types on the Loess Plateau

Study regionThe Dongzhi tableland on the loess plateau, China. Study focusThis study investigates how various land use types on the Loess Plateau affect groundwater recharge using the chloride mass balance method (CMB). By integrating data from Cl–, NO3/Cl–, and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), the research develops a new approach to estimate the average ion concentration rates in soil profiles. This methodology provides a nuanced understanding of how precipitation infiltration recharges groundwater under different land use scenarios and the impact of land use changes on these processes. New hydrological insights for the regionThe research findings highlight significant variations in groundwater recharge rates among different land uses. Grasslands show the highest recharge rate at 26 mm/yr, followed by forests at 23 mm/yr, while shrublands have the lowest at 5 mm/yr. Agricultural lands have moderate recharge rates ranging from 14 to 16 mm/yr. Transitioning from agricultural land to other land uses like shrublands and forests results in dramatic changes in recharge rates, with decreases and increases in recharge of 72% and 61%, respectively. These insights are crucial for developing strategic land-use planning to optimize groundwater recharge and enhance water security on the Loess Plateau. The study emphasizes the need for policies that balance hydrological science and land management to sustain both human livelihoods and ecological continuity.

Dynamic Estimation of Mangrove Carbon Storage in Hainan Island Based on the InVEST-PLUS Model

Mangrove ecosystems are pivotal to the global carbon budget. However, there is still a dearth of research addressing the impact of regional mangrove land use and land cover change (LUCC) on carbon sequestration and its associated spatial distribution patterns. To investigate the impact of different development scenarios on the carbon storage capacity of mangrove ecosystems, we focused on Hainan Island. We used LUCC data from 2010 to 2020 from mangrove-inhabited regions. The Markov-PLUS model was applied to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove coverage under the natural increase scenario (NIS) and the mangrove protection scenario (MPS) over the next 40 years. Carbon storage was estimated using the InVEST model based on field-measured carbon density data. The outcomes show the following: (1) The Markov-PLUS model, with an overall accuracy of 0.88 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.82, is suitable for predicting mangrove distribution patterns on Hainan Island. (2) Environmental factors were the main drivers of historical mangrove changes on Hainan Island, explaining 54% of the variance, with elevation, temperature, and precipitation each contributing over 13%. (3) From 2025 to 2065, the mangrove area on Hainan Island is projected to increase by approximately 12,505.68 ha, mainly through conversions from forest land (12.73% under NIS and 12.37% under MPS) and agricultural land (39.72% under NIS and 34.53% under MPS). (4) The carbon storage increment within Hainan Island’s mangroves is projected at 2.71 TgC over the whole island, with notable increases expected in the eastern, northern, and northwestern regions, and modest gains in other areas. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics and future trends of carbon storage in the mangroves of Hainan Island, offering invaluable guidance for the long-term management of mangrove ecosystems and the realization of carbon neutrality goals by 2060.

Modeling the effect of land use change to design a suitable low impact development (LID) system to control surface water pollutants

Growth in urbanization has led to increased impervious surfaces, exacerbating flood risks and water quality degradation. This study investigated the impact of land use change and Low-Impact Development (LID) systems on urban runoff quality and quantity in the second region of Tehran. Pioneering an innovative approach, the integration of the Land Change Modeler (LCM) with the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) signifies a paradigm shift in urban water management. Combined with other hydrological models, this new approach provides a comprehensive method for assessing the future effectiveness of LID practices. The Event Mean Concentration Method (EMC) was used in this study to measure Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Zinc (Zn) in urban runoff from five land uses. Results pinpointed transportation land uses as the primary source of pollutants. Using LCM, the study forecasted a surge in urban runoff pollutants by 2030, particularly in the Northwest area of the region due to anticipated land use shifts towards commercial and residential land uses. Model results showed an 11 % increase in TSS over a decade, highlighting the importance of land use change in runoff quality. The study used three types of LIDs to reduce contaminants in dense urban areas. Assessing the impact of LID scenarios on runoff pollutants using SWMM revealed that the bio-retention cell had the best performance, reducing TSS by 20.92 %, and the vegetative swale had the worst performance, reducing TSS by 8.43 %. The study also concluded that combining LIDs would be more effective than using them separately. The results of this study suggest that LID systems can be an effective way to reduce urban runoff pollutants and improve water quality in the second region of Tehran. However, more research is needed to optimize the design and placement of LID systems in different urban areas.

The Impact of Urban Land Use Changes on the Morphology of the New Calabar River Catchment, Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

The New Calabar River catchment has experienced significant alterations in land use and land cover patterns due to the fast population growth in Port Harcourt. This research investigated the influence of urban land use change on the morphological structure of the New Calabar River basin, which is experiencing rapid urbanization in Rivers State. The research utilized a combination of primary and secondary data sources, specifically satellite imagery and field measurements of the hydro-geomorphic channel's breadth and depth. The findings indicated a significant rise in urbanization, resulting in the encroachment upon various land uses, including water bodies, farmlands, dense forests, and wetlands. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis revealed a significant positive link between channel morphology, discharge, and urbanization index. Therefore, it can be argued that the urbanization index and discharge are crucial in determining the river channel's current channel form and size features. The study also demonstrated a positive correlation between discharge and channel dimensions, including width and depth. The stream channel has experienced an expansion in reaction to the modification of the natural soil caused by urbanization, leading to changes in the stream flow regime. Additionally, it has been observed that the segment of the New Calabar River that encompasses urbanized regions tends to have a comparatively more significant cross-sectional channel. Incorporating urbanization analysis and its impact on morphology has facilitated the implementation of diverse geospatial analyses and sustainable watershed management in the basin.

Impacts of climate and land use change on terrestrial carbon storage: A multi-scenario case study in the Yellow River Basin (1992–2050)

Currently, socioeconomic development and climate change pose new challenges to the assessment and management of terrestrial carbon storage (CS). Accurate prediction of future changes in land use and CS under different climate scenarios is of great significance for regional land use decision-making and carbon management. Taking the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China as the study area, this study proposed a framework integrating the land use harmonization2 (LUH2) dataset, the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model. Under this framework, we systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use and their impact on CS in the YRB from 1992 to 2050. The results showed that (1) CS was highest in forestland and lowest in construction land, with a spatial distribution of high in the south and low in the north. From 1992 to 2020, construction land, forestland, and grassland increased while cropland decreased, reducing the total CS by 74.04 Tg. (2) From 2020 to 2050, under SSP1–2.6 scenario, forestland increased by 158.87 %; under SSP2–4.5 scenario, unused land decreased by 65.55 %; and under SSP5–8.5 scenario, construction land increased by 13.88 %. By 2050, SSP1–2.6 scenario exhibited the highest CS (8105.25 Tg), followed by SSP2–4.5 scenario (7363.61 Tg), and SSP5–8.5 scenario was the lowest (7315.86 Tg). (3) Forestland and construction land were the most critical factors affecting the CS. Shaanxi and Shanxi had the largest CS in all scenarios, and Qinghai had a huge carbon sink potential under SSP1–2.6 scenario. Scenario modeling demonstrated that future climate and land-use changes would have significant impacts on terrestrial CS in the YRB, and green development pathways could strongly contribute to meeting the dual‑carbon target. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for promoting low-carbon development, land-use optimization, and ecological civilization construction in YRB, China.

Impacts of land use change on surface infiltration capacity and urban flood risk in a representative karst mountain city over the last two decades

Urban areas are undergoing rapid expansion, resulting in diminished vegetation cover and an escalating urban flood problem, and posing substantial threats to aquatic ecosystems, human safety, and socioeconomic structures. However, research on urban flood risk using methods like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), further exploration of spatiotemporal variations is needed, especially within the context of karst mountainous urban clusters. This study focuses on Guiyang city within a karst mountainous urban cluster, investigating fractional vegetation cover (FVC), infiltration capacity, and urban flood risk. Methodologies encompass slope trend analysis, the utilization of the Google Earth Engine, and geographic detectors to assess the dynamics of FVC and infiltration capacity. AHP is employed to assign weights to infiltration capacity, land use and land cover (LULC), FVC, and elevation, culminating in the generation of flood risk maps through linear weighted overlay. The results showed that: (1) The average FVC in Guiyang City was 0.7440 in 21 years, with relatively low levels in the central and southern regions. The FVC increased by 0.21% per year from 2000 to 2020, driven mainly by land use change and human activities. (2) The infiltration capacity of the city of Guiyang has increased as a whole, mainly due to reforestation efforts in specific areas, while the infiltration capacity of impervious areas tends to decrease. (3) The central urban areas exhibit greater vulnerability, with an estimated ten-year average growth rate of 73.36% in very high flood risk areas by 2030, affecting 7.38% of Guiyang's total area. These urban flood risk maps serve as valuable tools for local governments to enhance urban management practices.

Study on the Impact of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route Project of S-N Water Diversion

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a major project in China, is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the north, and the ecological environment in the middle water source area has the most critical impact on water quality safety. As a natural resource and asset, ecosystem services in the water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project not only provide important resources and services for human beings but also are the necessary basis for the survival and development of other organisms on the earth.As an integral part of the earth’s economy, the value of ecosystem services in the water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project directly or indirectly contributes to human welfare. Scientific use of land resources can promote the upgrading and transformation of ecosystem services in the water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Based on this, this paper focuses on the impact of land use change on ecosystem services in the water source area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion and its prevention strategies.

The Impact of Land Use Change on Land Surface Temperature 1990-2020 for Environmental Monitoring in Kapota Island, Wakatobi Regency, Indonesia

The Impact of Land Use Change on Land Surface Temperature 1990-2020 for Environmental Monitoring in Kapota Island, Wakatobi Regency, Indonesia

Multi-Sensor Satellite Images for Detecting the Effects of Land-Use Changes on the Archaeological Area of Giza Necropolis, Egypt

The World Heritage Committee has been meeting to discuss the arrangements of existing World Heritage Sites, and, on 22–26 October, the area from Giza to the Dahshur was included in the list of World Heritage Sites. According to the Egyptian Antiquities Authority (EAA), the groundwater levels at the Pyramids Plateau are too shallow, which threatens the ancient Sphinx and Pyramids in Giza, Egypt. In addition, many geophysical studies have been carried out in the archaeological area of Giza, which prove that the area is facing the risk of a high level of groundwater, specifically threatening the Sphinx. Recent developments in Earth observation have helped in the field of land monitoring such as land use changes, risk observation, and the creation of models for protecting cultural heritage sites. This study aimed to examine the impact of land use changes on on the archaeological sites of the Giza Necropolis area by integrating various data sources including optical satellite imagery and SRTM data during the period of 1965–2019. A historical database of Corona 1965 and Landsat 2009 data was investigated along with the new acquisitions of Sentinel-2 2016 and Sentinel-1 2016 and 2019. In addition, the radar Sentinel-1 SLC data were collected and analyzed for calculating the land subsidence value in the area of interest through two periods between 6–30 July 2016 and 30 July–15 December 2016. Various methods were implemented, including cluster outliers, the Moran index, and spatial autocorrelation to examine the changes in urban masses. Additionally, the relationship between groundwater leakage and land subsidence in the region was investigated. The analysis was carried out using Envi5.3, ArcMap10.6.1, and SNAP6.0 software to extract spatial data from the raw data. The results from our investigation highlighted rapid changes in urban areas between 1965 and 2019. The data obtained and analyzed from optical and radar satellite imagery showed that changes in land use can cause changes in the topographic situation by decreasing the level of groundwater, which adversely affects Egyptian monumental pyramids and the Sphinx. Land use analysis showed that the urban area represented 7.63% of the total area of the study area in 1965, however it reached 32.72% in 2009, approximately half of the total area in 2016, and in 2019, the urban mass area increased to nearly two-thirds of the total area. The annual growth rate between 1965 and 2019 was estimated by nearly 0.642 km2/year. These land-use changes possibly affected the land subsidence value (−0.0138 m), causing the rising groundwater level close to the Sphinx. Using the information obtained from our RS- and GIS-based analysis, mitigation strategies have also been identified to support archaeological area preservation.

Centennial loss of lake wetlands in the Yangtze Plain, China: Impacts of land use changes accompanied by hydrological connectivity loss

Humans have played a fundamental role in altering lake wetland ecosystems, necessitating the use of diverse data types to accurately quantify long-term changes, identify potential drivers, and establish a baseline status. We complied high-resolution historical topographic maps and Landsat imagery to assess the dynamics of the lake wetlands in the Yangtze Plain over the past century, with special attention to land use and hydrological connectivity changes. Results showed an overall loss of 45.6 % (∼11,859.5 km2) of the lake wetlands over the past century. The number of lakes larger than 10 km2 decreased from 149 to 100 due to lake dispersion, vanishing, and shrinkage. The extent of lake wetland loss was 3.8 times larger during the 1930s–1970s than that in the 1970s–1990s. Thereafter, the lake wetland area remained relatively stable, and a net increase was observed during the 2010s–2020s in the Yangtze Plain. The significant loss of lake wetland was predominately driven by agricultural activities and urban land expansion, accounting for 81.1 % and 4.9 % of the total losses, respectively. In addition, the changes in longitudinal and lateral hydrological connectivity further exacerbated the lake wetland changes across the Yangtze Plain through isolation between lakes and the Yangtze River and within the lakes. A total of 130 lakes have been isolated from the Yangtze River due to the construction of sluices and dykes throughout the Yangtze Plain, resulting in the decrease in the proportion of floodplain marsh from 28.3 % in the 1930s to 8.0 % in the 2020s. Furthermore, over 260 sub-lakes larger than 1 km2 (with a total area of 1276.4 km2) are experiencing a loss of connectivity with their parent lakes currently. This study could provide an improved historical baseline of lake wetland changes to guide the conservation planning to wetland protection and prioritization area in the Yangtze Plain.

Assessing the impact of Land use changes on ecosystem services in the Alledighe rangeland, Ethiopia

Understanding the ecological, social, and economic values of protected areas, as well as assessing the services they provide to both humans and the environment is crucial for informing conservation policies and sustainable land management practices. Using the benefits transfer method, changes in ecosystem service values (ESVs) resulting from spatiotemporal land use dynamics were evaluated in the Alledighe Wildlife Reserve (AWR) spanning from 1998 to 2016. Five distinct habitat types, namely grassland, bushland, woodland, riverine forest, and highland forest, were identified across the landscape. The ESVs were estimated using regional and global ESV values. A decline in the extent of grassland, woodland, and riverine forests by 9.9%, 2.4%, and 1.5%, respectively, was observed while bushland and highland forests increased by 10.6% and 3.3%, respectively. The AWR experienced a loss of roughly 145 km2 of grassland habitat. Based on regional and global ESVs, total ESVs in the study area decreased by 28.18% from approximately US$ 180 million to approximately US$ 129 million, and by 40.85% from approximately US$ 496 million to approximately US$ 293 million. As per individual ESV assessment, the total ESV decreased by 41% from around US$ 374.5 million to US$ 264.8 million. Provisioning service declined by 41.6% from US$ 100 million to US$ 70.6 million. Regulating service declined by 42.5% from US$ 242.4 million to US$ 170 million. Supporting service declined by 67% from US$ 5.3 million to US$ 3.2 million, and cultural service decreased by 27.8% from US$ 26.7 million to US$ 20.8 million. The larger ESV change was contributed by the expansion of forestland and bushland across previously grassland-dominated areas. The results of this study could render the value of the rangeland more visible in the decision-making process, as well as provide valuable input for future planning and management interventions of the AWR's pristine rangeland, thereby enhancing ecosystem services and the livelihoods of the surrounding communities.

Spatial–Temporal Assessment of Annual Water Yield and Impact of Land Use Changes on Upper Ganga Basin, India, Using InVEST Model

Spatial–Temporal Assessment of Annual Water Yield and Impact of Land Use Changes on Upper Ganga Basin, India, Using InVEST Model

Mangrove area degradation and management strategies in Indonesia: A review

Coastal communities are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study aimed to review the impact of land use change and mangrove degradation on coastal areas and analyze the problems and strategies of mangrove management in Indonesia. Journal data sources were obtained from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used in the study. The results indicate that economic activities such as mining, industry, and ponds are the main cause of mangrove damage, which in turn leads to increased disasters, CO2 emissions, and decreased community income. To address this issue, mangrove management strategies that take into account social, economic, and environmental factors are necessary. Successful mangrove restoration requires increased inclusion, community capacity, budgeting, and stakeholder involvement. Government policies regulating sustainable spatial planning, law enforcement, and institutional frameworks are crucial components of mangrove management. The study's results are expected to serve as the foundation for developing sustainable coastal management strategies that enhance the safety of coastal communities from disasters and improve their welfare.

Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Ecosystem Services Value in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Ecosystem services are vital services that support life and are the basis for human socio-economic progress. However, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) brought about by urban expansion degrade them. Thus, analysing the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is crucial for understanding and informing resource policy decisions. This study aims to analyse the impact of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem service values in Mwanza City, Tanzania. To achieve that, the benefits transfer approach was employed to analyse the changes in ESV in response to LULC. We estimated and analysed changes in ESV using satellite image datasets from 1999, 2009, and 2019. The LULC classes that were identified are vegetated land, agricultural land, waterbodies, built-up area, and bareland. The results exhibit that Mwanza City experienced significant LULC changes. While vegetated land, agricultural land, and bareland decreased by 49%, 15%, and 36%, respectively, the built-up area and water bodies increased by 568% and 48%, respectively, during the two decades. The total ESV decreased from 31.35 million US dollars to 26.3 million US dollars between 1999 and 2009 and to 23.96 million US dollars between 2009 and 2019. The waterbodies increased due to the increased volume of water in streams that expanded the floodplains, which resulted from surface runoff attributed to increased paved surfaces as more land was converted into a built-up environment upstream. The built-up area and bareland contributed nothing to ESV. However, the built-up area was the driving force behind the reduction of ESV in other LULC classes, as it was encroaching on them. The study concludes that the decrease in ESV reflects the degradation of ecosystem services due to the change in LULC. Hence, it is recommended that sustainable management of ecosystems be adhered for the proper functioning of the earth’s life-support system.

Modeling the impact of land use changes on the trend of monthly temperature in Basrah province, Southern Iraq

Modeling the impact of land use changes on the trend of monthly temperature in Basrah province, Southern Iraq

Assessing the spatial occupation and ecological impact of human activities in Chengguan district, Lhasa city, Tibetan Plateau

In this study, the ecological impact of human activities and the space occupied by construction and arable land on the Tibetan Plateau were examined, focusing on changes in the net primary productivity (NPP) as a key indicator of ecological health. With the utilization of land use data and multiyear average NPP data from 2002 to 2020, we analyzed the effects of the conversion of zonal vegetation into construction and arable land on carbon sequestration and oxygen release in Chengguan District, Lhasa city. Our findings indicated a marked spatial difference in the NPP among different land types. Regarding the original zonal vegetation, the NPP ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 kg/m2. Construction land showed a decrease in the NPP, with values ranging from 0.16 to 0.26 kg/m2, suggesting a decrease in ecological productivity. Conversely, arable land exhibited an increase in the NPP, with average values exceeding 0.3 kg/m2. This increase suggested enhanced productivity, particularly in regions where the original zonal vegetation provided lower NPP values. However, this enhanced productivity may not necessarily indicate a positive ecological change. In fact, such increases could potentially disrupt the natural balance of ecosystems, leading to unforeseen ecological consequences. The original zonal vegetation, with NPP values ranging from 0.12 to 0.43 kg/m2, exhibited higher ecological stability and adaptability than the other land types. This wider NPP range emphasizes the inherent resilience of native vegetation, which could sustain diverse ecological functions under varying environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate the urgent need for sustainable land use management on the Tibetan Plateau. This study highlights the importance of considering the ecological impact of land use changes in regional development strategies, ensuring the preservation and enhancement in the unique and fragile plateau ecosystem.