Impact Of Human Interaction Research Articles

Comparison of Locomotor and Feeding Rhythms between Indoor and Outdoor Cats Living in Captivity.

Simple SummaryDomestic cats are adaptable to various housing conditions, from living in apartments to roaming through hectares of nature. Yet, few studies have been able to determine how the environment they live in affects their daily activity and feeding patterns. To better understand this impact, we used advanced telemetry technologies to compare the daily rhythms of locomotor activity and the feeding of cats living in two housing conditions: an indoor room and a large outdoor enclosure receiving weather fluctuations. Both populations moved and ate more at twilight and when humans were present. Outdoor individuals covered more distance and consumed more food than the indoor ones. However, the indoor cats ate more frequently, were more impacted by human interactions and showed more rhythmic behaviours than outdoor cats, possibly because of fewer distractions. Besides, the outdoor cats were more active at night than the indoor cats, perhaps because their exploratory behaviour is promoted in such environments. This study demonstrates how, on one hand, twilight peaks make the cat still suitable for outdoor life, and on the other hand, integrating human proximity makes it tolerate indoor life. Such observations should be considered in cat housing procedures to better fit to their lifestyle.The plastic nature of cat behaviour allows this “friendly symbiont” of humans to adapt to various housing conditions. Beyond daylight, one could wonder if other environmental factors affect its patterns. Yet, how its activity and feeding rhythms are impacted by its environment is rarely studied in standardised conditions between populations. We compared the behaviour of cats living in a 29 m2 indoor room and cats living in a 1145 m2 outdoor enclosure, tracking them simultaneously in summer for 21 days, with advanced technologies. Both populations received daylight but weather fluctuations only occurred outdoors. Bimodality was detected in the activity and feeding rhythms of both groups, while twilight triggered crepuscular peaks. Daily, the outdoor population covered more distance (4.29 ± 0.27 km; p < 0.001) and consumed more food (67.44 ± 2.65 g; p < 0.05) than the indoor population (2.33 ± 0.17 km, 57.75 ± 2.85 g, respectively), but displayed less rhythmic behaviours, assumedly because of rhythm disruptors met only in outdoor conditions. Finally, outdoor housing seemed to promote the exploratory behaviour of the cats at night, while indoor housing increased both meal frequency (p = 0.063) and the impact of human interactions on the feeding rhythms of the cats.

Breaking down “harassment” to characterize trends in human interaction cases in Maine's pinnipeds

AbstractRecent marine mammal recovery and growth of human populations in coastal areas has led to increased human harassment of protected pinniped populations. Yet, current monitoring approaches lack the necessary resolution to describe this emerging issue. We therefore propose a new classification scheme for monitoring of marine mammal–human interaction (HI), which defines categories based on the type of human behavior and associated risks to the animal. Among harbor, harp, and gray seal strandings (N = 3,525) from 2007 to 2019 in Maine, United States, evidence of HI was reported in 14.72% of strandings, with the majority (75.34%) of these cases involving harassment. The number of HI reports increased over time, particularly in the southern region of the state, and an analysis of geographic hotspots further identifies emerging areas of concern. Variation in the rate and type of HI among species, age classes, and seasons reflect differences in pinniped life history. The most commonly observed types of harassment included human approach, physical contact, and displacement. By breaking down harassment, we aim to inform ongoing mitigation efforts and contribute to our understanding of the impact of HI on marine mammal health, as well as offer a transferable methodological approach to monitoring human–wildlife interaction.

ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGE IN INNER MONGOLIA REGION FROM 1978 TO 2018 BASED ON REMOTE SENSING

Abstract. Land use change is an important theme of the research on the impact of human interaction on global change. In this paper, two phases of land use data were interpretated from remote sensing images of 1978 and 2018, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use change in China's Inner Mongolia Region from 1978 to 2018 were analyzed. The results indicated that grasslands and arable land are mainly distributed in the central and eastern region of Inner Mongolia, forest land are mainly distributed in the eastern region, and unused land is mainly distributed in the western region. From 1978 to 2018, the area of arable land in Inner Mongolia decreased by 9,000 km2, forest land increased by 900 km2, and the area of grassland decreased by 1,400 km2. Urban and rural, industrial mines, and residential land continued to increase with an area of 7,800 km2; and unused land increased by an area of 11,500 km2. It was indicated that after 40 years of development, land use in urban and rural areas, industrial mines, and residential areas caused by human activities in the Inner Mongolia Region has increased significantly. At the same time, the policy of returning farmland to forests to protect the environment has achieved significant results.

On the path to excellence: The impact of human interaction on supply chain management practices

On the path to excellence: The impact of human interaction on supply chain management practices

The impact of human interaction on supply chain management practices

The impact of human interaction on supply chain management practices

Tourism Comes to the United Arab Emirates

Using the case of United Arab Emirates (UAE) an attempt has been made to find out the place of modern tourism in the social structures of a conservative society. Impact of human inter-action on host society has also been secured qualitatively. The observations and comments are based on perceptive realities witnessed in UAE, Qatar and Bahrain.