Impact Of Gender Inequality Research Articles

The Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Performance in Developing Countries

Despite substantial progress, gender gaps persist in many developing countries. Since the 1990s, a literature has emerged arguing that these gaps not only are inequitable but also reduce economic performance. This review finds that, first, it is methodologically difficult to determine reliable effects of gender gaps on economic performance. Second, accounting studies that calculate how much larger GDP would be if gender gaps in employment disappeared vastly overestimate likely effects. Third, the theoretical literature has generated important insights on mechanisms linking gender gaps to economic performance. Fourth, systematic reviews of the cross-country evidence robustly show that lowering gender gaps in education leads to higher economic performance, while the literature on the impact of other gaps is much more limited. Fifth, there is accumulating micro evidence on how reducing particular gender gaps at the level of households, farms, or firms can improve economic performance in particular contexts, with robust results in some areas, and less clear evidence in others.

The impact of Gender Inequality on Entrepreneurial Intentions

Intentions have been shown to be the best predictor for the establishment of new ventures. Yet, the correlations between intentions and important contextual factors related to the social and econom...

Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth in the Arab Region

This study examines empirically the influence of gender inequality on the economic growth across Arab region. The data sample includes 19 countries for the period from 1990 to 2014. The model is estimated using Pooled OLS and Fixed Effect techniques. Interestingly, findings show that there is no evidence of both gender inequality in education and gender inequality in labor force to hinder economic growth across Arab region. In fact, the findings of this study show that the main factors driving the economic growth across the Arab region are capital accumulation as well as population growth.

Self-Perpetuation of Gender Inequality in Education and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study Applied to CEMAC Countries

The global objective of the paper is to analyze the impact of gender inequality in education on economic growth in the CEMAC countries for the period 1971-2014. In order to present the potential of the approach, two themes are examined: the self-perpetuation of gender inequality and the effect on economic growth. In this context, we use a simultaneous equations model with error components. The results suggest that there is self-perpetuation of gender inequality. The effects of the inequalities in education on economic growth are direct and indirect through public investment, labor market and political instability. Therefore, the CEMAC countries must increase their public expenditure on education system and reduce gender inequality in labor market for better reducing gender inequality in education, and so to promote economic growth. Political stability is also important for fighting against gender inequality in education.

Impact of Gender Inequalities on Women Violence: A Case Study of Ghotki District Sindh Pakistan

The Current research Explore the Impact of Gender inenqulities on Women Violence: A Case Study of Ghotki District Sindh Pakistan.   Data were collected from 200 respondents from Ghotki and their vicinity. ResearchStudy reveals that male child preference; forced marriages in early age, illiteracy and women dependency on men are key factors of inequity on the basis of gender.Apart from that honor killing is also an evil custom victimizing the ladies since long and even increasing in the area despite the fact that literacy rate has been improved and media has played vital role for public awareness to address the issue. It was also observed that female are being dealt as slaves and male are wasting their time in unhealthy social activities in local hotels without consideration of economic responsibilities of family.

Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth

Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth

Gender inequality on economic growth: a time series analysis for Tunisia

This paper analyses the impact of gender inequality of Tunisia. Our empirical study is based on a series of annual data from 1995 to 2013 in Tunisia. We have regressed growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDPP) per capita on labour force growth, investment, trade openness and a composite index of gender inequality. The empirical results confirm the presence of a labour force growth; investment and trade openness have statistically significant and positive impact whereas gender inequality has a significant and negative effect on economic growth of Tunisia.

The Impacts of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Growth in Turkey

A large number of literature on education of women clearly suggest that educating a woman is equal to educating a family and that woman are worth training more than their counterparts, men, in many respects. However, despite the fact that positive contribution of women education to the economy and society has long been known, education of women in many nations, particularly in developing countries, needs to attract more attention.The education level of women is quite low in Muslim countries which are mostly developing countries. Increasing the level of education is dependent upon eliminating gender inequality in education. Muslim countries need to use all of their resources in order to reach their economic development targets. Women participation in economy is a major economic resource which is not frequently used in Muslim countries. A large amount of literature (Dollar and Gatti, 1999; Barro, 2001; Schultz, 2002; Klasen, 2002; and Knowles, 2002) suggests that, gender equality has a positive effect on economic growth. Taking Muslim countries into account, one can reasonably claim that the rate of the effect of gender equality on economic growth is higher in developing countries.In this paper, the impact of gender inequality in education on economic growth for Turkey will be explored, using econometric techniques. The relationship between such variables as primary school graduation, high school graduation, vocational high school education and university graduation with economic growth will be discussed in detail. The paper will take into account of all variables for the period 1968-2005.The contributions of educated women in an economy are threefold. First of which is that increasing the level of human capital, correspondingly, decreasing the fertility rate of the women. Second argument is that infant mortality rate might decline by virtue of decreasing the fertility rate of the women. Thirdly, increasing women education level may affect the education level of next generation positively.Within this framework, co-integration approach will be applied in order to understand long run relationship between these variables which is gender inequality in education and economic growth. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-run relationship among these variables.

Impact of gender inequality on economic growth: A study of developing countries

Impact of gender inequality on economic growth: A study of developing countries

Moving forward on women's gender-related HIV vulnerability: The good news, the bad news and what to do about it

The global response to AIDS has triggered unprecedented attention to gender inequality and the role it plays in shaping the vulnerability of women. Tragically, however, this attention has not yet led to wide-scale transformations in gender roles, or reductions in gender-related risk. This paper reviews both knowledge and action on the impact of gender inequality on women in the context of HIV prevention, and argues that, while much is known, and while effective strategies do exist, impact on a population level will not be achieved unless gender considerations are integrated into an evidence-informed comprehensive national strategy. Such a strategy must be implemented by national governments within an enabling policy and legal environment for change; be driven and owned as much as possible, by communities who are empowered with skills and resources to put their own ideas and capabilities into action; and include people living with HIV as equal partners.

Gender Wage Inequality and Economic Growth: Is There Really a Puzzle?—A Comment

SummarySeguino (2000) shows that gender wage discrimination in export-oriented semi-industrialized countries might be fostering investment and growth in general. While the original analysis does not have internationally comparable wage discrimination data, we replicate the analysis using data from a meta-study on gender wage discrimination and do not find any evidence that more discrimination might further economic growth—on the contrary: if anything the impact of gender inequality is negative for growth. Standing up for more gender equality—also in terms of wages—is good for equity considerations and at least not negative for growth.

Gender Differences in China’s Elderly Population and Policy Recommendations

Females outnumber males in the elderly population of China. Elderly women also face the challenge of a reduced quality of life compared to that of elderly men. This article first describes the impact of gender inequality within various social institutions including education, employment, income, family, and social security. It also considers the impact of this inequality on the lives of elderly women. Based on the research presented in thisarticle, the author arguesthat gender inequality embedded within these institutions and the complicated interactions among them are the primary reasons that the rights and interests of elderly women are overlooked. Finally, suggestions are presented for improving the current situation.

The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries

Using cross-country and panel regressions, we investigate to what extent gender gaps in education and employment (proxied using gender gaps in labor force participation) reduce economic growth. Using the most recent data and investigating an extended time period (1960–2000), we update the results of previous studies on education gaps on growth and extend the analysis to employment gaps using panel data. We find that gender gaps in education and employment considerably reduce economic growth. The combined “costs” of education and employment gaps in the Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia amount respectively to 0.9–1.7 and 0.1–1.6 percentage point differences in growth compared to East Asia. Gender gaps in employment appear to have an increasing effect on economic growth differences between regions, with the Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia suffering from slower growth in female employment.

Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development

Using cross-country and panel regressions, this article investigates how gender inequality in education affects long-term economic growth. Such inequality is found to have an effect on economic growth that is robust to changes in specifications and controls for potential endogeneities. The results suggest that gender inequality in education directly affects economic growth by lowering the average level of human capital. In addition, growth is indirectly affected through the impact of gender inequality on investment and population growth. Some 0.4-0.9 percentage points of differences in annual per capita growth rates between East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East can be accounted for by differences in gender gaps in education between these regions.

UNDP's Gender-Related Indices: A Critical Review

This paper critically reviews the two gender-related indices proposed by UNDP in the 1995 Human Development Report, the Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). While supporting the need to develop indicators that reliably track women's empowerment (GEM) as well as the impact of gender inequality on overall human development (GDI), we argue that the particular ways in which these indices were constructed and the assumptions made to overcome data gaps severely limit their usefulness and result in very misleading international comparisons. Wherever appropriate, we suggest remedies for some of the shortcomings identified.

Implicit contract theory : Sherwin Rosen, ed. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1994. 467 pp. $134.95 ISBN 1-85278-748-1

A large number of literature on education of women clearly suggest that educating a woman is equal to educating a family and that woman are worth training more than their counterparts, men, in many respects. However, despite the fact that positive contribution of women education to the economy and society has long been known, education of women in many nations, particularly in developing countries, needs to attract more attention.The education level of women is quite low in Muslim countries which are mostly developing countries. Increasing the level of education is dependent upon eliminating gender inequality in education. Muslim countries need to use all of their resources in order to reach their economic development targets. Women participation in economy is a major economic resource which is not frequently used in Muslim countries. A large amount of literature (Dollar and Gatti, 1999; Barro, 2001; Schultz, 2002; Klasen, 2002; and Knowles, 2002) suggests that, gender equality has a positive effect on economic growth. Taking Muslim countries into account, one can reasonably claim that the rate of the effect of gender equality on economic growth is higher in developing countries.In this paper, the impact of gender inequality in education on economic growth for Turkey will be explored, using econometric techniques. The relationship between such variables as primary school graduation, high school graduation, vocational high school education and university graduation with economic growth will be discussed in detail. The paper will take into account of all variables for the period 1968-2005.The contributions of educated women in an economy are threefold. First of which is that increasing the level of human capital, correspondingly, decreasing the fertility rate of the women. Second argument is that infant mortality rate might decline by virtue of decreasing the fertility rate of the women. Thirdly, increasing women education level may affect the education level of next generation positively.Within this framework, co-integration approach will be applied in order to understand long run relationship between these variables which is gender inequality in education and economic growth. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-run relationship among these variables.