The paper explores the impact of food production index (FPI) on consumer price index (CPI) of food, agricultural labor force (ALF) and rural-urban, agriculture-non agriculture populations in South Asia (SA). Although the food production in South Asian region has increased, food prices are also escalating dramatically. The issue has a dual economic impact as consumers lose and producers gain. The situation is undesirable when net consumers outweigh the net producers in a particular country. Secondary data gathered from FAOSTAT database during 2000 to 2005 were used for empirical analysis. The empirical results of the two models employed revealed that random effect test is more appropriate for the estimation. The results imply that consumer protection, CPI, and ALF are country specific determinants for food production and therefore food policy reforms can protect consumers without loosing agricultural population or labour in the region. Key Words: Agricultural Labour Force, Consumer Price Index, Food production, Panel Data Analysis, South Asia Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.1(1) July 2009