Impact Of Event Scale Research Articles

Emotional Impact of Medication-Related Patient Safety Incidents on Canadian Hospital Pharmacists: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Patient safety incidents are the third leading cause of death in Canada. These occurrences have negative effects on patients and on the well-being of health care professionals. They also lead to financial burdens on the health care system. Several organizations focus on minimizing patient safety incidents; however, an area requiring additional research is evaluating the emotional impact of medication-related patient safety incidents (MRPSIs) on Canadian hospital pharmacists. An MRPSI is a preventable, unintended outcome resulting from medication management rather than an underlying disease. The consequences may be no harm, temporary harm, prolonged hospital stay, disability, or death. To describe the psychological burden on pharmacists after occurrence of an MRPSI and to identify supportive strategies. This mixed-methods study involved a voluntary survey of hospital pharmacists and structured individual interviews. Survey respondents scored their emotional distress on the Impact of Event Scale (IES), a validated self-reporting tool used to assess the impact of traumatic life events. Interviewees' responses were analyzed qualitatively. Of the 128 pharmacists who had experienced an MRPSI and submitted a complete survey response, 105 (82%) had a score above 8 on the IES, indicating that the MRPSI had an important impact. Commonly reported factors contributing to MRPSIs were heavy workload, interruptions, and inexperience. The most desired support strategies included talking to a colleague, compassionate notification of the event through management, and involvement in team debriefs. The emotional impact of MRPSIs as reported by Canadian hospital pharmacists is significant. Most participants felt that increased support is needed to overcome emotional burdens related to MRPSIs.

The impact of COVID-19 on patients with Parkinson disease

Aims: Viral infections have been implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). It has been observed that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in dopaminergic cells can expedite the degeneration process and potentially exacerbate symptoms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with PD.
 Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. The severity of the disease was assessed using the using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), while the stage of the disease was determined using modified Hoehn &Yahr Rating Scale (m HYRS). Various measures were taken to evaluate the patients’ well-being, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) scores. The researchers also recorded the UPDRS scores, levodopa equivalent doses (LED), and BMI of the patients before and after the lockdown period. Subsequently, the collected data were compared to identify any significant changes.
 Results: The difference in UPDRS, LED and BMI of the patients before and after the lockdown was statistically significant (p

Mental health and cognitive function among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Chinese people experienced a nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after the adjustment of epidemic response policies from December 2022 to January 2023. This study aims to explore the prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms and their associated factors among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 27th and March 8th, 2023. The symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive function among medical students were examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression-5 (PDQ-D-5). Data on demographic information was also collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to describe the prevalence and explore the associated factors of mental and cognitive symptoms. Among 947 participants, the proportion of students experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms was 37.8, 39.3, 28.3, and 29.5%, respectively. The self-reported COVID-19 infection rate was 72.2%. Higher grades, childhood, and current rural residence were identified as potential risk factors for mental and cognitive symptoms. Gender, age, average monthly household income, and COVID-19 diagnosis were not associated with mental and cognitive symptoms among medical students. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms among Chinese medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of higher-grade students and those residing in rural areas.

Pregnancy and psychoemotional stress reactions. Age factor

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman’s life with an increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress. Almost 70% of women experience various changes in their mental state during pregnancy. There is a need to consider the physiology and psychology of a pregnant woman not as a separate process, but as a single integrated system and to promote the search for new methods of regulating psychoemotional states.The objective: to determine the relationship between psychoemotional stress reactions and pregnancy, taking into account the age factor.Materials and methods. Special psychometric testing of 100 pregnant women of different ages and at different stages of gestation was carried out. Each of the research participants was asked to complete a survey using three questionnaires. The Spielberger–Hanin scale, the psychological stress measure (PSM-25) and the impact of event scale – revised (IES-R) of a traumatic event were used for analysis. The average age of the examined patients was 30.9±5.54 years; 48 persons were ≤30 years old, 49 women were 31–40 years old, and 3 patients were ≥41 years old.Statistical processing of the results was carried out in the program for working with electronic spreadsheets Microsoft Excel 2016 and the program for comprehensive data analysis - STATISTICA 10 for Windows. Graphic design was done with Microsoft Excel 2016.Results. According to the Spielberger–Hanin survey, 14% of women had a low level of reactive anxiety, 52% – a moderate level, and 34% – a high level. Only 7% of women had a low level of personal anxiety, and their average value was close to a moderate level, 44% of patients had a moderate level and 49% had a high level.According to the data of impact of event scale – revised (IES-R) of a traumatic event, which has 3 subscales, it was established that a low level of the subscale of intrusion among the interviewed pregnant women was found in 16% of women (n=16), an average level in 23%, an elevated level in 15% and high one – in 46%. A low level of the avoidance subscale was determined in 16% of women, an average level – in 12%, a high level – 14%, and a high level – 58%.According to the results of the psychological stress measure PSM-25, the majority of women had a low level of stress – 77%, medium level – 22%, high level – 1%.Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the majority of women had a high level of anxiety during pregnancy, the prevalence of which was the highest one among women 31 to 40 years old; the lowest rate was among pregnant women younger than 30 years old.It is necessary to develop measures aimed at psychoprophylaxis of pregnant women, at their conscious attitude to pregnancy, childbirth and subsequent motherhood.

Impact of Traumatic Events on Substance Use among Internally Displaced People in Selected Flood and War Impacted Areas in Rivers State

Background: Different individuals react differently to emotionally traumatic events just as there are varying degrees of coping mechanisms. One of the common maladaptive coping mechanisms of victims of internal displacement is increased predisposition to substance use. Aim: This study determined the relationship between stressful life events and substance use among victims of flood and wars in selected parts of Rivers State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 different flood and war impacted areas where 357 respondents were investigated. Ethical procedures were followed including consent from participants. Respondents of between the ages 10-75 years were included in the study and their socio-demographic characteristics determined. The Impact of Event Scale –Revised (IES-R) was used to assess posttraumatic symptomatology of the flood victims, while the CAGE and a semi-structured questionnaire were used to assess alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Rapid urine drug toxicology was done for the respondents. Data was analysed using the SPSS version 20. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Two hundred and eighty (79.6%) respondents had IES-R score of 22 and above while 65.3% (n=233) scored 33 and above. Prevalence of substance use was 34.4% (n=123) from self-report and 41.7% (n=149) from urine toxicology. Of the 149 respondents, 138 was among those who scored IES-R 22 and above while 11 was among those who scored below 22 (p=0.001). Alcohol was the most consumed drug with 22.65 (n=81), followed by cannabis with 18.8% (n=67), tramadol 16.5% (n=59), codeine 15.7% (n=56), Nicotine 14.8% (n=53), kolanut and khatchewing 6.4% (n=23), and benzodiazepam 12.8% (n=64). Polysubstance use was 34.17% (n=122). Three respondents use drug intravenously. Substance use significantly correlated with IES-R scores (p=0.002). Conclusion: Stressful and traumatic events may increase vulnerability to substance use, therefore Internally Displaced People (IDP) may require substance use disorder services and psychological care.

Prenatal wellbeing of mothers, their partners, and couples: a cross-sectional descriptive study

BackgroundPrenatal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), fear of childbirth (FOC), and depressive symptoms have been related to various negative effects during pregnancy, childbirth, and in the postnatal period. This study evaluates the prevalence of PTSS, FOC, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among pregnant women, their partners, and as couples.MethodsIn a cohort of 3853 volunteered, unselected women at the mean of 17th weeks of pregnancy with 3020 partners, PTSS was evaluated by Impact of Event Scale (IES), FOC by Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A), depressive symptoms by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and HRQoL by 15D instrument.ResultsPTSS (IES score ≥ 33) was identified among 20.2% of the women, 13.4% of the partners, and 3.4% of the couples. Altogether, 5.9% of the women, but only 0.3% of the partners, and 0.04% of the couples experienced symptoms suggestive of phobic FOC (W-DEQ A ≥ 100). Respectively, 7.6% of the women, 1.8% of the partners, and 0.4% of the couples reported depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13). Nulliparous women and partners without previous children experienced FOC more often than those with previous children, but there was no difference in PTSS, depressive symptoms, or HRQoL. Women’s mean 15D score was lower than partners’ and that of age- and gender-standardized general population, while partners’ mean 15D score was higher than that of age- and gender-standardized general population. Women whose partners reported PTSS, phobic FOC, or depressive symptoms, often had the same symptoms (22.3%, 14.3%, and 20.4%, respectively).ConclusionsPTSS were common in both women and partners, as well as in couples. FOC and depressive symptoms were common in women but uncommon in partners, thus they rarely occurred simultaneously in couples. However, special attention should be paid to a pregnant woman whose partner experiences any of these symptoms.

Prevalence of psychological distress among the caregivers of an endosulfan disaster victims in India: a cross-sectional community-based study

BackgroundPhysical health needs of disaster victims take priority over mental health needs in post-disaster scenario, assessments and interventions for latter needs are done only for a shorter duration. The caregivers of the victims also bore the brunt of the disaster and their mental health needs are seldom examined and addressed. Unable to find any literature examining the mental health needs of caregivers of the endosulfan disaster victims in India, the study was planned with the objectives of assessing the prevalence and predictors of psychological distress, its relation to the level of impact, disability as well as quality of life among the caregivers of the victims of endosulfan disaster in the State of Kerala, India after 20 years.MethodIt was a cross-sectional community-based study among 400 the caregivers of the victims of endosulfan disaster. Demographic details, distress, impact, disability and quality of life were measured using instruments such as Family Schedule, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Impact of Events Scale, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, respectively.ResultsThe estimated psychological distress among the caregivers of the endosulfan disaster victims was 48.7%. Distressed caregivers were found to have significant higher impact (t = − 12.12, p < 0.001), higher disability (t = − 13.33, p < 0.001), and poorer quality of life (t = 11.64, p < 0.001) than non-distressed caregivers. On logistic regression analysis, the positive predictors of psychological distress among the caregivers of endosulfan victims were female sex, impact and psychological disability while quality of life was a negative predictor.ConclusionsAlmost half of the caregivers of the victims of endosulfan disaster victims reported psychological distress, high level of impact and disability and a poorer quality of life. It calls for periodical mental health needs assessment and a long-term sustainable community based psychosocial care and disaster mental health programme.

Additive benefit of rehabilitation on physical status, symptoms and mental health after hospitalisation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia

IntroductionThe potential additive benefits of rehabilitation beyond spontaneous recovery post-COVID-19 currently remain unknown.MethodsIn this prospective, interventional, non-randomised parallel assignment two-arm study, we investigated the effects of an 8-week rehabilitation programme...

Medical malpractice in hospitals-how healthcare staff feel.

Literature is limited on quantified acute stress reaction, the impact of event scale on medical staff when facing medical malpractice (MMP), and how to individually care for staff. We analyzed data in the Taichung Veterans General Hospital from October 2015 to December 2017, using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the medical malpractice stress syndrome (MMSS). Of all 98 participants, most (78.8%) were women. Most MMPs (74.5%) did not involve injury to patients, and most staff (85.7%) indicated receiving help from the hospital. The internal-consistency evaluations of the three questionnaires showed good validity and reliability. The highest score of IES-R was the construct of intrusion (30.1); the most severe construct of SASRQ was "Marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal," and the most were having mental and mild physical symptoms for MMES. A higher total IES-R was associated with younger age (<40 y/o), and more severe injury on patients (mortality). Those who indicated receiving very much help from the hospital were those having significantly lower SASRQ sores. Our study highlighted that hospital authorities should regularly follow up on staff's response to MMP. With timely interventions, vicious cycles of bad feelings can be avoided, especially in young, non-doctor, and non-administrative staff.

Anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD among college students after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China

BackgroundThe number of COVID-19 infections has increased sharply and quickly after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China. In the context of this population-size infection, college students' psychological response is yet to be understood. MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed to investigate anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students from December 31, 2022, to January 7, 2023. The questionnaire included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), and self-designed questionnaire. ResultsOf the 22,624 respondents, the self-reported prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, PTSD, and any of the four psychological symptoms appeared as 12.7 %, 25.8 %, 11.6 %, 7.9 %, and 29.7 %, respectively. The self-reported COVID-19 infection rate was 80.2 %. Changes in the place for learning, longer time online, not recovering after infection, a higher proportion of family member infection, insufficient drug reserve, worry about sequela after infection, future studies, or employment contributed to a higher risk of anxiety/depression/insomnia symptoms or PTSD symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression showed that those who spent more extended time on the Internet, recovered after infection, and had insufficient drug reserves were less likely to have PTSD than anxiety/depression/insomnia symptoms. LimitationsThe study was a non-probability sampling survey. ConclusionsAnxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD were common psychological symptoms among college students when infection went through a large-scale population. This study highlights the importance of continuing to care for the psychological symptoms of college students, especially timely responses to their concerns related to the epidemic situation and COVID-19 infection.

A scoping review of psychological distress instruments in women with early-stage breast cancer during chemotherapy.

Psychological distress is associated with worsening symptoms during the active treatment period and lower quality of life in women with early-stage breast cancer. Many studies have indicated risk for heightened psychological distress across the breast cancer trajectory. The aim of this review is to examine the literature for instruments used to measure psychological distress among women with breast cancer during chemotherapy. This study used the Arksey and O'Malley framework of scoping reviews. Two databases, PubMed & CINAHL, were searched for peer-reviewed original articles that were published within the last ten years, included participants with a diagnosis of breast cancer stages I to III, and receiving chemotherapy, English text articles, and studies that report psychological distress measures. The initial screening yielded 529 relevant studies. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies concerning the assessment of psychological distress during chemotherapy were retained for the analysis of variables and measures of psychological distress. The instruments used to measure psychological distress varied, with a total of 21 measures. The most frequently utilized measure was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (n = 5), followed by the Impact of Event Scale (n = 2), the Distress Thermometer (n = 2), and the Perceived Stress Scale (n = 2). This review identified the gaps related to inconsistencies in the operationalization and instruments used to measure psychological distress among breast cancer survivors during chemotherapy. Standardization of measures assessing psychological distress, along with conceptual clarity, is essential for measuring distress in research and clinical practice.

Quality of Life During the First Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Two Earthquakes in Croatia.

In a cross-sectional study, we measured the impact of the first three COVID-19 pandemic waves and two earthquakes, occurring during the same period in Croatia, on the quality of life (QoL) of the general adult population. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic questions, questions related to COVID-19 and earthquake stressors, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)-BREF scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire 4 was completed by 220 men and 898 women (mean age, 35.1 ± 12.3 years). In a series of regressions, we examined the association among five blocks of predictors and six dependent QoL variables, four domain scores, and two global scores. Both WHOQoL-BREF global and domain scores after the prolonged stress were significantly predicted by anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics. COVID-19-related stressors predicted significantly physical and psychological health, social relationships, and environmental QoL, whereas earthquake-related stressors predicted health satisfaction, physical and psychological health, and environmental QoL.

Examining the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on ST Segment-elevation Myocardial Infarction Treatment Strategies with the Impact of Event Scale

Examining the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on ST Segment-elevation Myocardial Infarction Treatment Strategies with the Impact of Event Scale

Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 - June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study.

To assess the mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia during the second and third years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overall and by occupation group. Longitudinal cohort study of health and aged care workers (ambulance, hospitals, primary care, residential aged care) in Victoria: May-July 2021 (survey 1), October-December 2021 (survey 2), and May-June 2022 (survey 3). Proportions of respondents (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, GAD-7), or post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-6, IES-6), burnout (abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, aMBI), or high optimism (10-point visual analogue scale); mean scores (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) for wellbeing (Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult, PWI-A) and resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2, CD-RISC-2). A total of 1667 people responded to at least one survey (survey 1, 989; survey 2, 1153; survey 3, 993; response rate, 3.3%). Overall, 1211 survey responses were from women (72.6%); most respondents were hospital workers (1289, 77.3%) or ambulance staff (315, 18.9%). The adjusted proportions of respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression (survey 1, 16.4%; survey 2, 22.6%; survey 3, 19.2%), anxiety (survey 1, 8.8%; survey 2, 16.0%; survey 3, 11.0%), or post-traumatic stress (survey 1, 14.6%; survey 2, 35.1%; survey 3, 14.9%) were each largest for survey 2. The adjusted proportions of participants who reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout were higher in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1, and the proportions who reported high optimism were smaller in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1. Adjusted mean scores for wellbeing and resilience were similar at surveys 2 and 3 and lower than at survey 1. The magnitude but not the patterns of change differed by occupation group. Burnout was more frequently reported and mean wellbeing and resilience scores were lower in mid-2022 than in mid-2021 for Victorian health and aged care workers who participated in our study. Evidence-based mental health and wellbeing programs for workers in health care organisations are needed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000533897 (observational study; retrospective).

Fatigue as Mediator Factor in PTSD-Symptoms after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a valid treatment for hematological oncological or metabolic diseases. Despite its therapeutic efficacy, it is an aggressive treatment that impacts negatively on quality of life (QoL) and may result in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The aim of this study is to explore rates and risk factors for PTSD symptoms, and fatigue in post-HSCT patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 123 patients after HSCT were evaluated for PTSD symptoms, QoL and fatigue. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R), QoL was measured with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) and fatigue symptoms were assessed with Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F). A total of 58.54% of the sample developed PTSD symptoms after transplant. Patients with PTSD symptoms reported significantly lower QoL total scores and significantly higher fatigue than those without PTSD symptoms (p < 0.001). The SEM analysis showed that worse QoL and fatigue affected PTSD symptomatology along different pathways. Fatigue was found as a major influencing factor of PTSD symptoms directly (β = 0.31 **), while QoL only through the mediation of fatigue at a lesser extent. (β = 0.33 *). Our findings indicate that QoL is a concurrent causative factor to the development of PTSD symptomatology through the mediating role of fatigue. Innovative interventions before transplantation to prevent PTSD symptoms should be investigated to improve survival and QoL in patients.

Decision-making styles during stressful scenarios: The role of anxiety in COVID-19 pandemic.

Decision-making is not purely rational but highlighted by the influence of intuitive and emotional processes. Recently, researchers have focused more attention on understanding which environmental and personal features influence decision-making processes, and how. On this study, we investigate whether Trait Anxiety moderates the impact of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms reported during COVID-19 pandemic on decision-making styles. The study included 1,358 Brazilian participants (80% women) aged between 20 and 74 (M = 41.11; SD = 11.23) who responded to an online survey between May and August of the year 2021 of COVID-19 pandemic to The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Decisions Styles Scale, The Impact of Event Scale - Revised and questions related to COVID-19. Through moderation analysis, we observed that experiencing PTS is associated with a higher tendency to biased/heuristic decision-making processes. Trait Anxiety seems to influence how people respond to PTS symptoms on decision-making related processes. Subjects with higher Trait Anxiety reported lower tendency to appeal to rationality, especially under higher reported levels of PTS. Meanwhile, lower Trait Anxiety subjects exhibited more reason-based decision-making under higher rates of PTS. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay among environmental and individual differences on decision-making styles and helps to identify factors of vulnerability for poorer cognitive functioning on stressful scenarios.

Measures for the Core Outcome Set for Research Evaluating Interventions to Prevent and/or Treat Delirium in Critically Ill Adults: An International Consensus Study (Del-COrS).

International consensus process. Three virtual meetings (April 2021). Critical illness survivors/family, clinicians, and researchers from six Countries. None. Measures (selected based on instrument validity, existing recommendations, and feasibility) and measurement time horizons were discussed. Participants voted on instruments and measurement timing (a priori consensus threshold ≥ 70%). Eighteen stakeholders (28% ICU survivors/family members) participated. We achieved consensus on the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU or Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist to measure delirium occurrence and delirium resolution (100%), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for emotional distress (71%), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Blind for cognition (83%). We did not achieve consensus on EQ-5D five-level for HrQoL (69%) or its measurement at 6 months. We also did not achieve consensus on the Impact of Event Scale (IES)-Revised or IES-6 for post-traumatic stress (65%) or on measurement instruments for delirium severity incorporating delirium-related emotional distress. We were unable to gain consensus on when to commence and when to discontinue assessing for delirium occurrence and time to resolution, when to determine mortality. We gained consensus that emotional distress and cognition should be measured up to 12 months from hospital discharge. Consensus was reached on measurement instruments for four of seven outcomes in the COS for delirium prevention or treatment trials for critically ill adults. Further work is required to validate instruments for delirium severity that include delirium-related emotional distress.

Revisiting COVID-19 and Occupational Mental Health.

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the frequency of psychological sequelae of COVID-19 in healthcare workers (HCWs) conducted at The Aga University Hospital, from May to July 2020. The data collection was done online using a demographics questionnaire, concern of COVID-19 scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, and Impact of event scale. A total of 560 responses were received. Nearly 25% of participants had moderate to severe anxiety or psychological distress due to COVID-19. Female responders reported more anxiety compared to males. (p= 0.001. The doctors and nurses reported significant psychological distress (p=0.046). The participants with moderate to severe anxiety and psychological distress reported statistically significant high levels of concern of the following: inadequate protective measures, contracting and spreading COVID-19, medical violence, and deteriorating quality of patient interaction due to COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted areas of development for occupational healthcare policy development in Pakistan. Implementation of contextualised solutions, especially psychosocial determinants is necessary to mitigate the invisible mental health burden and its impact on HCWs in Pakistan. Key Words: Occupational mental health, Pakistan, Anxiety, Depression.

Systematic literature review of quality-of-life questionnaires in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia-need for a disease-specific tool.

Systematic literature review of quality-of-life questionnaires in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia-need for a disease-specific tool.

A88 EVALUATING THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFICACY OF CYTOSPONGE FOR BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS: A SINGLE CENTRE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract Background Barrett's Esophagus (BE) is a pre-malignant condition defined by the presence of metaplastic columnar epithelial cells above the gastroesophageal junction. Currently, diagnoses is made by endoscopy. Once metaplasia is present, there is 0.5% annual risk of progression to dysplasia and ultimately adenocarcinoma. Cytosponge is a new device and technique to diagnose BE. Furthermore, this test has a strong safety profile. Research has suggested increased patient tolerance for the Cytosponge compared to endoscopy; this has not been demonstrated in a Canadian healthcare setting. Before Cytosponge test can be integrated in Canada, ideally, patient acceptability of this device should be evaluated. Purpose To assess patient acceptability, tolerability and integration of Cytosponge in the diagnosis of Barrett's Esophagus in a Canadian healthcare setting. We also assessed the ease of use and familiarity with Cytosponge. Method A single-centre, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability and comfort of patients undergoing Cytosponge procedure. Outpatients referred for EGD for Barrett's Esophagus at St. Paul’s Hospital between 03/21-07/22 were included. 36 patients with BE have been enrolled in this project. Acceptability was evaluated through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Impact of Events Scale (IOES) on the day of procedure, day 7 post procedure and day 90 post procedure. Data from health care providers administering the Cytosponge were collected using the System Usability Scale (SUS). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference tests were completed to assess score differences between follow up. Result(s) A total of 36 patients met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate. Of these patients 81.6% were successful in swallowing Cytosponge, 18.4% were unsucessful. ANOVA test revealed statistically significant difference in VAS scores, F(3, 140) = 12.59, p &amp;lt; 0.0000005. There were significant differences in VAS between Day 0 and Day 7, p=0.0032. This was also seen in VAS between Day 0 vs Day 90, p=0.0017. There were no statistically significant difference in mean STAI scores between different time points, F(3, 140) = 12.59, p=0.44. ANOVA test also showed statistical difference in IOES scores, F(2, 111) = 8.76, p&amp;lt;0.0005. There was statistical difference between day 0 compared to day 7 and between day 0 and day 90, p=0.0045, and p=0.00045 respectively. Conclusion(s) Our results demonstrate that Cytosponge is a well tolerated in a Canadian healthcare setting. Follow up scores of VAS and IOES were lower compared to day 0 suggesting that patients found Cytosponge acceptable. A score of 68 and above is considered to be above average on the SUS which measures usability of Cytosponge. The average SUS score in this sample was 65.3, this may suggest that there is a learning curve for health care providers to become familiar with Cytosponge. There were no complications with Cytosponge in this sample. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; Gastroenterology Institute of Research Institute Disclosure of Interest None Declared