Impact Of Environmental Measures Research Articles

The Impact of Environmental Measures on Trade and Innovation: Evidence from the WTO Environmental Database (EDB)

The Impact of Environmental Measures on Trade and Innovation: Evidence from the WTO Environmental Database (EDB)

Impact of environmental measures on economic efficiency of industrial enterprises

Impact of environmental measures on economic efficiency of industrial enterprises

Evaluating the WTO's Two Step Test for Environmental Measures Under Article XX

There has been considerable dissatisfaction expressed by both free trade proponents and environment activists with respect to the WTO's exercise of authority on the impact of environmental measures on international trade. The Article first sets out a analytical framework, based on public choice theory, which examines the incentives to implement measures to achieve environmental goals which function effectively as disguised barriers to trade. This is followed by a careful examination of the WTO's jurisprudence in the area, which suggests that the WTO's focus on the measure being implemented is correct. Furthermore, the two step test under Article XX, as conceived and applied by the various WTO panels, seems to be reasonably effective in weeding out measures that are functionally barriers to international trade.

Les relations entre politiques commerciales et politiques de l'environnement

This article examines the state of relationship between trade policies and environmental policies through the work of the Committee on Trade and Environment of the W.T.O. prior to the Singapore Conference. It reviews in a detailed manner debates within the Committee on Trade and Environment in four specific areas of its work programme : the role of trade measures in achieving environmental objectives ; the relations between environmental protection measures and provisions for the multilateral trade system ; the issues of export of products forbidden in the domestic market ; and the impact of environmental measures on market access particularly for developing countries. It shows that it was not possible to adopt concrete proposals for these four areas which remain on the agenda of the Com- mittee on Trade and Environment, the mandate of which has been extended.

Future Growth in OPEC Oil Production Capacity and the Impact of Environmental Measures

Future Growth in OPEC Oil Production Capacity and the Impact of Environmental Measures