Impact Of Economic Globalization Research Articles

Impact of Economic Globalization on Income Inequality: Developed Economies vs Emerging Economies

This paper studies income inequality and globalization by decomposing economic globalization into trade intensity and financial integration, and also by differentiating the effect of globalization across developed and developing countries. Using panel data on 26 developed countries and 52 developing countries for the 1990–2010 period when globalization was accelerated, this study finds that financial integration affects the income inequality differently from trade intensity and the effect is in contrast across two groups of countries. For example, an increase in trade intensity would widen income inequality in developed countries, but it would reduce the inequality in developing countries. And, a deepening of the financial integration would reduce the income inequality in developed countries but increase the inequality in developing countries. These results suggest that income inequality of developing countries would deteriorate with an imprudent dependence on foreign financing or a rapid opening up of their financial markets to foreign investors, or when faced with more barriers on free international trade.

The impact of economic globalisation on unemployment: The Malaysian experience

ABSTRACTMalaysia plans to emerge as one of the high-income economies by 2020 through the Economic Transformation Programme. A key component of this programme is to adopt more trade liberalisation policies that can generate a variety of economic activities, particularly more jobs. Although the integration with the world market bears the promise of prosperity for the developing and transitional economies, such integration may also adversely affect such economies. Preceding studies regarding labour market and international trade policies are still inconclusive and raise questions that require further examination; particularly in terms of whether exposure to the external sector can create or destroy jobs. The present study evaluates how Malaysia labour market has responded to the economic globalisation of the country. The study focuses on the long-run impact of economic globalisation on unemployment within the period between 1980 and 2014. The study uses autoregressive distributive lags method to examine the pattern of the relationship. The results show that economic globalisation have significant and positive impact on reducing unemployment in Malaysia in the long run. These findings indicate that policy-makers in Malaysia should facilitate the economy globalisation to maintain the current low level of unemployment rate.

TheJoyof the Gospel ofLife

Abstract Together towards Life (TIE) and Evangelii Gaudium (EG) convey a renewed and fresh understanding of mission and evangelism that speaks meaningfully to contemporary context, reminds churches of their primary task of mission and evangelism, and challenges them to reflect on and practice mission and evangelism with joy and life. This essay strives to discuss three important aspects of mission and evangelism that TTL and EG share, albeit with their own distinct perspective. The inseparability of ecclesiology and missiology is one affirmation that is commonly shared by TTL and EG. Introduction The present decade has witnessed birth of a trilogy of statements on mission and evangelism that is of historic significance. The Cape Town Commitment of Lausanne Movement (2010), Together towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes (TTL) of World Council of Churches (2012), and apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (EG) of Pope Francis (2013) have already made their mark with their vast influence on theological reflections on mission and evangelism today. This article is an attempt to reflect on some of common threads that bind two of them together, namely TTL and EG. (1) Whilst there are several aspects and emphases that make each of them distinct and different, both documents share certain dimensions of mission and evangelism that are pertinent in contemporary global context. The central concept that captures spirit of EG is joy, whereas life is permeating theme of TTL. While TTL adopts a pneumatological perspective (within an overarching Trinitarian scheme), EG tends to opt for a Christo-centric approach to mission and evangelism. EG has been published in response to most recent meeting of Synod of Bishops (October 2012) and is devoted to theme of new evangelization. (2) TTL has been an attempt on part of Commission on World Mission and Evangelism (CWME) of World Council of Churches (WCC) to look at mission and evangelism afresh in fast-changing global landscape, as previous official WCC statement on mission and evangelism was getting somewhat outdated. (3) The main objective of both TTL and EG is again somewhat similar. EG has been articulated so that the Church may rediscover original source of evangelization in contemporary world. (4) Likewise, aim of TTL is to seek vision, concepts and directions for a renewed understanding and practice of mission and evangelism in changing landscapes. (5) Both TTL and EG are, therefore, efforts to re- imagine missiology in contemporary global scenario. Pope Francis, a Jesuit himself, offers an Ignatian reading of global context, looking for people, world and trends where God is present. (6) The social analysis of EG is more or less akin to that of classical Latin American liberation theology (hereafter referred to as liberation theology in this essay), whereas TTL seems to go beyond and engage an indigenous/subaltern reading of signs of our times. Trends such as shift of centre of gravity of global Christianity from global North to global South and phenomenal rise of Pentecostal and Charismatic spirituality across globe have been dealt with seriously in TTL. These, however, do not merit much prominence in EG. Whilst EG devotes a great deal of focus to concerns such as inter- religious dialogue, secularization, and postmodernity, they don't seem to get adequate attention in TTL. Whereas a creation-centred perspective on missiology is apparent in TTL, tendency in EG is to take a traditional anthropocentric view on evangelization, which probably accounts for almost a complete absence of missiological reflections on environmental concerns in apostolic exhortation. Both TTL and EG seem to have put considerable emphasis, rightly so, on impact of economic globalization and dictatorship of market. Such has been impact of EG that it is being widely regarded as a remarkable and radical document, one that ranges widely and challenges complacency at every level. …

The Impact of Economic Globalization on the Employment Policies in 19 Western Democracies from 1985 to 2010. Limited Change or Radical Shift towards Workfare?

Among the most significant issues facing welfare states are the implications of economic globalization for employment policies. This issue is confronted from the viewpoint of workfarism, the incentives created by social policies for increasing participation in the labor market. To measure the limited changes involved, the analytical framework also includes institutional stickiness, pointing to the capability of welfare state institutions to resist external pressures. Panel data on capital flow, an active labor market policy (ALMP), and unemployment benefit (UB) expenditures in 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2010 are drawn from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the KOF Index of Globalization (KOF). The Vector Autoregressive Moving-Average model with exogenous regressors (VARMAX)-regression analysis found institutional stickiness to be a more significant factor than capital flow in 61% of the observations. The impact of capital flow was particularly significant in the United Kingdom, and in northern and continental Europe, and a tendency toward workfarism was detected in 37% of the welfare states. From a comparative perspective, the impact via the increased capital flow to workfare-related policies is a matter of contrasts rather than a unilateral phenomenon.

Neo-Liberal Trade and Investment Policies, the ITGA and Youth Smoking Rates: A Cross-National Analysis of Developing Nations

Past evidence suggests that economic globalization and the spread of neo-liberal policies are leading to higher adult smoking rates in the developing world, but currently there are no cross-national analyses examining the impact of economic globalization and neo-liberal policies on youth smoking rates in the developing world. This study seeks to fill the gap in the literature regarding youth smoking and neo-liberal policies by conducting the first cross-national panel analysis of youth smoking rates in the developing world. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), the World Bank, Freedom House, and United Nations for over 90 nations, this study expands the use of dependency theory to test for the negative externalities of neo-liberal trade and investment policies on health. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between increasing international trade, multinational corporate penetration, and membership in the International Tobacco Growers Association (ITGA) on youth smoking rates in developing nations using first difference scores. The results show support for the hypothesis that increasing international trade dependency and membership in the ITGA are correlated with increasing youth smoking rates in the developing world.

Compensation or Constraint? How Different Dimensions of Economic Globalization Affect Government Spending and Electoral Turnout

This article extends theoretical arguments regarding the impact of economic globalization on policy making to electoral turnout and considers how distinct dimensions of globalization may produce different effects. It theorizes that constraints on government policy that reduce incentives to vote are more likely to be induced by foreign ownership of capital, while compensation through increased government spending is more likely (if at all) to be the product of structural shifts in production associated with international trade. Using data from twenty-three OECD countries from 1970–2007, the study finds strong support for the ownership-constraint hypothesis in which foreign ownership reduces turnout, both directly and – in strict opposition to the compensation hypothesis – indirectly by reducing government spending (and thus the importance of politics). The results suggest that increased foreign ownership, especially the most mobile capital flows, can explain up to two-thirds of the large declines in turnout over recent decades.

The Analysis of the Evolution of the Supply Chain and the Corresponding Supply Chain Contract Model

Accompanied by the development of information technology and the impact of economic globalization, e-commerce has developed rapidly, has impacted the traditional supply chain. The E-supply chain emerged. This article described the evolution of the supply chain, analysis of the characteristics of the traditional supply chain and the E-supply chain, and the corresponding typical supply chain contract model of evolution.

The Impact of Economic Globalization and Political Development on the Welfare System in Korea : From Efficiency to Compensation

The Impact of Economic Globalization and Political Development on the Welfare System in Korea : From Efficiency to Compensation

Labour market outcomes of economic globalisation in Tunisia: a preliminary assessment

The present paper considers the impact of the economic dimension of globalisation on the Tunisian labour market. Seventeen years after the signature of the free trade agreement between Tunisia and the European Union, this paper may serve as a preliminary appraisal of the labour market outcomes of economic globalisation in this country. In particular, this paper has two main objectives. First, it provides an empirical assessment of the impact of economic globalisation on aggregate labour demand and economy-wide average wage between 1983 and 2009. Second, it estimates the effects of economic globalisation on sectoral labour demand and wages. The econometric analysis suggests that economic globalisation positively affects the level of aggregate labour demand, while there is no significant effect on average wage. At the disaggregated level, we reveal that the impact of economic globalisation on sectoral labour demand is clearer in the manufacturing sector, whereas for agriculture and services, the relationship seems to be weak. Indeed, we find that economic globalisation exerts positive effects on wages in agriculture and services and negative effects on wages in manufacturing. In order to check the parameters stability, the cumulative sum of recursive residuals and the cumulative sum of squares of recursive residuals tests, suggested by Brown, Durbin, and Evans [1975. “Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relations Over Time.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 37 (2): 149–192], are performed.

BANKS' TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY: DOES GLOBALISATION MATTER?

AbstractThe paper provides, for the first time, empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalisation on bank total factor productivity in a developing economy. By employing the Malmquist Productivity Index method, we compute the total factor productivity of the Malaysian banking sector during 1998–2007. Examining different dimensions of economic globalisation, we find evidence supporting for greater trade and capital account restrictions and cultural proximity. On the other hand, personal contacts, information flows, and political globalisation seem to exert significant (negative) influence on banks' total factor productivity levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Economic Globalization, Wages and Wage Inequality in Tunisia: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

This article conducts an empirical investigation on the impact of economic globalization, that is, international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), on the level and structure of real wages in Tunisia. In a first step, we look at the effects of economic globalization on the average real wage in the whole economy. Then, the same relationships are checked in manufacturing industries. In a second step, we assess the impacts of international trade and FDI on the evolution of wage inequality. To do this, the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration is conducted on annual data covering the period 1970–2009. This approach allows simultaneously investigating the long-run relationships as well as the short-run dynamic adjustments toward the equilibrium. Based on the econometric analysis, three main findings have been put forward. First, international trade positively affects the economy-wide average wage only in the long-run. On the contrary, FDI flows exert no effects. The second finding is that international trade and FDI positively affect only the most exporting industry in the country, that is, the textiles, clothing and leather industry. Finally, our results do not give support to the predictions of the Heckscher–Ohlin and Stolper–Samuelson theorem, since wefound weak empirical evidence that economic globalization reduces wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers.

From lifelong education to lifelong learning

When we think about current adult education in the context of the uneven and contradictory social and economic impact of globalization, it necessarily implies thinking about the transfer from the paradigm of lifelong education to the paradigm of lifelong learning. We shall examine the essential quality involved in the social significance and the political dimension of each of these paradigms, because, since the post-war period, both became innovative educational policy strategies capable of mobilizing and transforming society. We would like to stress the importance of rethinking the role of adult education today in the light of the responsibilities shifting from the state to individuals, arising from the implications of this transition of paradigms: we do this by framing it in the context of the socio-productive restructuring movement, which speeded up the move from the so-called model of qualification, associated to social emancipation, to what is known as the model of competence (later competences), which is associated with individual empowerment. Therefore in this article we intend to question this new policy direction, which is associated with a conceptual and methodological shift in adult education practices, by using the prism of a critical sociology of education.

Trends in labour market flexibilization among Dutch school-leavers: The impact of economic globalization on educational differences

This study examines to what extent there is a trend towards increasing labour market flexibility among Dutch school-leavers between 1992 and 2007, particularly among less educated ones. In addition, the article aims to explain this trend and increasing educational differences by economic globalization, controlled for business cycle effects. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated using 16 cross-sections of the Dutch Labour Force Survey (1992–2007), including 16,447 labour market entrants. The results show that there is an increase in the likelihood of flexible employment between 1992 and 2007, which implies less standard employment, particularly among less educated individuals, and less unemployment, particularly among higher educated individuals. The less educated are hence doubly disadvantaged by the process of labour market flexibilization. It appears that economic globalization provides an explanation for these findings, except for the increasing educational differences in flexible employment compared to unemployment.

The Wealth (and Want) of Nations: The Impact of Economic Globalization on the Developing World

AbstractIn this article I review the literature on four outcomes of economic globalization: growth, wages, poverty, and inequality. Special attention is given to the importance of these outcomes for people of developing nations. Findings in the literature show a correlation between economic globalization and economic growth, but the relationship is much stronger for some nations than for others. Evidence on wages also shows uneven benefits from economic globalization. The evidence on poverty is inconclusive, while several authors note growing inequality within nations. These studies highlight the need for more research that includes extraneous factors, such as foreign aid and remittances. Further research also should refine the unit of analysis and gather extensive data from the informal sector.

PROTOCOL: Post‐basic Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Interventions to Improve Employability and Employment of TVET Graduates in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries

PROTOCOL: Post‐basic Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Interventions to Improve Employability and Employment of TVET Graduates in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries

Globalizations and bank performance in China

The paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on the performance of banks operating in the Chinese banking sector. The empirical findings from this study suggest that the well capitalized banks tend to be more profitable, while expense preference behavior exerts negative impact on bank profitability in China. By examining different components of economic globalization, we find that greater economic integration via higher trade flows, cultural proximity, and greater political globalization have significant and positive influence on bank profitability levels. The impacts of personal contacts and information flows seem to work in favour of the Chinese banks. During the period under study, the empirical findings seem to suggest that liberalization (restrictions) of the capital account exerts positive (negative) influence on the profitability of banks operating in the Chinese banking sector.

Cosmopolitanism and the Private Law Text

Abstract: This essay reviews seven recently published private law texts based upon quantitative and qualitative parameters. The seven books represent four different types of texts: authored, edited, specialized, and practitioner-focused. The essay recognizes the reasons that comparative materials should be a necessary element of any private law text. The beginning parts explain the many reasons why this is so, including the rise of regional law, the economic impact of globalization, advances in the internationalization of private law, internationalization of law practice, and the internationalization of legal education. It argues that the 'paradigm of teaching private law parochially focused on teaching home country law and leaving regional, international, and comparative laws to specialized course work has become outdated.' It concludes that the best private law texts are cosmopolitan in nature that is, they incorporate comparative, regional, and international law sources.

Navigating the Impact of Globalization on Bank Efficiency in China

AbstractThe paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency in a developing economy. Using the data envelopment analysis method, we compute the efficiency of the Chinese banking sector during 2000–2007. The empirical findings suggest that the inefficiency of the Chinese banking sector stems largely from scale rather than pure technical inefficiencies. Examining different components of economic globalization, we find that greater economic integration through higher trade flows, cultural proximity and political globalization have significant and positive influence on bank efficiency levels. The empirical findings suggest that liberalization (restrictions) of the capital account exerts a negative (positive) influence on bank efficiency levels in China.

Analysis of the Impact of Globalization on the Palestinian Economy

The Palestinian economy is highly dependent on the Israeli economy. With the impact of economic globalization,the Palestinian economy can not develop independently. Palestinian blindly followed free-market economicpolicies resulting in many problems, such as the serious reflux of the Palestinian social funds, the improperinvestment direction, abnormal structure, subject to the Israeli economy and increasingly sharp polarization andcorruption.

Impact of Economic Globalization on Urbanization

This article analyzes the impact of economic globalization on urbanization since July 1991, with special reference to comparisons of Indian and select global experiences. India’s degree of globalization, measured by internationalization of trade and capital, is shown to be low at global levels. Patterns of urbanization in the post-globalization period show higher growth and concentration of population in bigger class-size cities. Urban economic growth is increasingly contributed by service sectors, declining share of manufacturing sector and higher labour productivity. These experiences of India coincide with experiences in countries such as China, G7 and Korea. Overall growth implications of these comparative analyses imply a need for continuing with economic globalization and for a national approach for development of large cities in India. Interestingly, sources of urban economic growth in India are distinguishable by both formal and informal sectors with varying labour productivity. Distributive implications of changing composition and growth of urban labour market across countries are essential to compare the growth-cum-equity implications of globalization on urbanization between India and other countries. This is identified as a topic of future research in Indian urban economics.