Impact Of Economic Factors Research Articles

Hydraulic Fracturing Optimization of Offshore Horizontal Well Based on the Optimal Proppant Index

Recently, there has been an increased interest in optimizing horizontal multi-frac completion technologies used to complete offshore low permeability reservoirs in Western South China Sea, but the high-risk and high operating costs are the key problems to hold back the application of this technology, so the impact of economic factors should be taken into full account before fracturing design. This paper shows an new optimization approach of fracturing design by considering the relationship between economic aspects, reservoir size and fracturing treatment size, each fracturing stage of horizontal well is approximated by a rectangular drainage areas and the unified fracture design method is used to calculate the dimensionless productivity index, and an Optimal Proppant Index Function is established with maximization of economic profit as the objective function, while the Optimal Proppant Index Function is determined, the optimal fracture volume and parameters would be obtained.

Bayesian Model Selection of Structural Explanatory Models: Application to Roadaccident Data

Using the Bayesian approach as the model selection criteria, the main purpose in this study is to establish a practical road accident model that can provide a better interpretation and prediction performance. For this purpose we are using a structural explanatory model with autoregressive error term. The model estimation is carried out through Bayesian inference and the best model is selected based on the goodness of fit measures. To cross validate the model estimation further prediction analysis were done. As the road safety measures the number of fatal accidents in Spain, during 2000-2011 were employed. The results of the variable selection process show that the factors explaining fatal road accidents are mainly exposure, economic factors, and surveillance and legislative measures. The model selection shows that the impact of economic factors on fatal accidents during the period under study has been higher compared to surveillance and legislative measures.

The Impact of Economic Factors on the Development of Rural Tourism: Lithuanian Case

Authors of the article elaborate economic factors and using calculations indicate the influence of these factors on the development of rural tourism. The research results revealed that the number of guests in rural farmsteads (values of correlation coefficient are ranging from 0.73 to 0.91) is strongly affected by all economic factors (excluding inflation) analysed in the research: GDP per capita, average monthly gross earnings, foreign direct investments, government expenditure and revenue, tangible investments per capita. Meanwhile, the development of rural farmsteads are firmly influenced on average gross monthly earnings, foreign direct investments, government expenditure (correlation coefficient is above 0.9).

International trade after intervention: The case of bedroom furniture

The global trade volume of wooden bedroom furniture has reached US$8.33 billion in 2012. China has been the largest exporter and the United States has been the largest importer in this increasingly globalized market. After the trade dispute and intervention between China and the United States in 2005, China has continued to export more wooden bedroom furniture to the world. In this study, the impact of economic factors and trade intervention on the import demand of wooden bedroom furniture was analyzed for leading exporters in four selected individual markets (i.e., the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan). Main findings were that the antidumping duty against China in the United States generated a negative depression effect on China's exports to the United States and positive diversion effect on the exports from other countries. Furthermore, China has expanded its exports to other markets, especially to the United Kingdom and Australia, and maintained strong trade growth in wooden bedroom furniture worldwide. These results revealed that trade intervention in one market against an individual country could generate worldwide impacts.

Study on the Current Situation of Economic Analysis of Ice Storage Air-Conditioning System

Ice storage air-conditioning system has incomparable advantages than a lot of of conventional air-conditioning system example for "peak shifting and valley filling". The ice storage air-conditioning systems on the research states of the economic analysis are summed up from the building of economic analysis model,the introduction of the special systems , as well as the impact of economic factors in this paper. This paper outlines several main methods about economic evaluation of the ice storage air-conditioning systems,points out some issumes in the course of the study and some places needing to improve.

Analysis of Combined Ground-Source Heat Pump and Water Energy Storage System and its Economic Impact Factors

This paper makes an introduction of the working principle and the technical and economic benefits of the combined ground-source heat pump and water energy storage system. And then according to the characteristic of this system itself and its mode of operation, we can point out that the energy storage rate, the local policy of electricity price and the strategy of operation are the main factors which influent the economic characteristics of the system. Using the initial investment and the operation cost of the system as the economy evaluation index, we respectively analyze the influence of the above factors on the index. And wish the results of the analysis can provide reference on the design of this new type air-conditioning system.

The impact of economic factors on migration considerations among Icelandic specialist doctors: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundGlobalization has facilitated the employability of doctors almost anywhere in the world. In recent years, the migration of doctors seems to have increased. However, we lack studies on doctors’ migration from developed countries. Because the economic recession experienced by many countries might have affected the migration of doctors, research on this topic is important for the retention of doctors. Iceland was hit hard by the economic recession in 2008. Therefore, we want to explore how many specialist doctors in Iceland have considered migrating and whether economic factors at work and in private life, such as extensive cost-containment initiatives at work and worries about personal finances, are related to doctors’ migration considerations.MethodsIn 2010, all doctors in Iceland registered with the Icelandic Medical Association were sent an electronic cross-sectional survey by email. The 467 specialists who participated in this study represent 55% of all specialist doctors working in Iceland. Information on doctors’ contemplation of migration was available from responses to the question: “Have you considered moving and working abroad?” The predictor variables in our logistic regression model are perceived cost-containment initiatives at work, stress related to personal finances, experience of working abroad during vacations, job dissatisfaction, job position, age, and gender.ResultsSixty-three per cent of Iceland’s specialist doctors had considered relocation abroad, 4% were moving in the next year or two, and 33% had not considered relocating. Logistic regression analysis shows that, controlling for age, gender, job position, job satisfaction, and experience of working abroad during vacations, doctors’ migration considerations were significantly affected by their experiences of cost-containment initiatives at work (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, p < 0.01) and being stressed about personal finances (OR = 1.6, p < 0.001). Age, job satisfaction, and working abroad during vacations also had an effect, whereas job position did not.ConclusionsEconomic factors affect whether specialist doctors in Iceland consider migration. More studies on the effect of economic recession on migration by doctors are needed.

Effects of natural environment on urban household energy usage carbon emissions

The residential household becomes an important contributor to carbon emissions under rapid urbanization. This study analyzes the relationship between urban residential energy usage carbon emission and the natural environment in Xiamen, southeast China, using integrated residential data from survey questionnaires and remote sensing and GIS techniques. We first eliminate household social, economic and construction impacts by establishing a standardized family and choosing housing units constructed after the year 2003. We then use ordinary least squares regression to explain the effect of buildings’ surrounding natural conditions on urban energy usage carbon emissions. The results show that urban home energy usage carbon emissions were reduced by green spaces and water bodies, after building construction and household social and economic impact factors were eliminated. Water bodies show a closer relationship with carbon emissions than green spaces. These results prove that green spaces and bodies of water are important in residential energy usage carbon emission reduction. Therefore, better green space and water planning will improve sustainable urban development.

Understanding Electronic Medical Record Adoption in the United States: Communication and Sociocultural Perspectives

BackgroundThis paper adopts a communication and sociocultural perspective to analyze the factors behind the lag in electronic medical record (EMR) adoption in the United States. Much of the extant research on this topic has emphasized economic factors, particularly, lack of economic incentives, as the primary cause of the delay in EMR adoption. This prompted the Health Information Technology on Economic and Clinical Health Act that allow financial incentives through the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services for many health care organizations planning to adopt EMR. However, financial incentives alone have not solved the problem; many new innovations do not diffuse even when offered for free. Thus, this paper underlines the need to consider communication and sociocultural factors to develop a better understanding of the impediments of EMR adoption.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to develop a holistic understanding of EMR adoption by identifying and analyzing the impact of communication and sociocultural factors that operate at 3 levels: macro (environmental), meso (organizational), and micro (individual).MethodsWe use the systems approach to focus on the 3 levels (macro, meso, and micro) and developed propositions at each level drawing on the communication and sociocultural perspectives.ResultsOur analysis resulted in 10 propositions that connect communication and sociocultural aspects with EMR adoption.ConclusionsThis paper brings perspectives from the social sciences that have largely been missing in the extant literature of health information technology (HIT) adoption. In doing so, it implies how communication and sociocultural factors may complement (and in some instances, reinforce) the impact of economic factors on HIT adoption.

The Impact of Economic Factors on the 2011 Turkish General Election

This study examines the outcomes of the general election which took place on 12 June 2011. We analyze the effects of economic indicators on the results of June general election by using the provincial data. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) technique is used in the estimations. We find that the political parties preserved their core voters or sympathizers. Provincial economic growth positively affects the AKP (Justice and Development Party) but the MHP (Nationalist Movement Party) negatively as expected. However, it does not have any influence on the CHP (Republican People’s Party). Provinces suffering from higher unemployment rates do not vote for the AKP while opposition parties are not affected by unemployment rates. It is also found that vote share of the incumbent party does not increase in the provinces in which higher public spending has been made by the AKP. In terms of regions, our results indicate that the ruling party increased its vote share more in the provinces where the voters are of average or higher level of income and education.

Factors analysis and genetic parameter estimation of female repro-ductive traits in pigs

Reproductive performance of stock sows is one of the important factors of economic impact in pig farms. In this study, 8491 litter records from 2699 sows of Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc were analyzed using fixed model to determine the effect of parity, mating season, and breed on total number born (TNB), number healthy birth (NHB), litter birth weight (LWB), number weak birth (NWB), stillbirth, mummy fetus, and deform fetus by the least square analysis. Genetic parameters of the above traits were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. In addition, the effectiveness of pure-breeding and cross-breeding on litter performance were compared. The results showed that, parity, mating season, and breed had significant effect on TNB, NHB, and LWB(P < 0.001).The effects of parity and breed were significant on NWB(P < 0.001), while mating season had non-significant effect on NWB. Parity showed significant effect on stillbirth, while the effect of mating season and breed was not significant. Parity, mating season, and breed had no significant effect on mummy fetus and deform fetus. Landrace♂×Large White♀ showed the best litter performance, including TNB, NHB, and LWB. Moreover, LWB of Landrace depicted the highest heritability, while other traits were all bellow 0.2. The genetic correlation between TNB and NHB, NHB and LWB were higher than 0.96 in the three breeds. These results provided reference data for minimizing low-reproductive performance caused by non-infectious factors and improving sow reproductive performance in pig farms.

Study on the Influence Factors of Real Estate Price Based on Regression Model — The Case of Jilin City

Real estate price has been one of the hottest discussion topics, especially in recent years, it becomes the focus of attention. In this paper, we aim to study the impact of economic factors on real estate price. By multiple linear regression model and SPSS software, we analyze four economic indicators affecting the real estate price of Jilin city, and make some amendments and testings, the conclusions show the consumption level and housing construction area are important factors affecting the price trend. On this basis, we further to give the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Impact of Different Economic Factors on Biological Invasions on the Global Scale

Social-economic factors are considered as the key to understand processes contributing to biological invasions. However, there has been few quantified, statistical evidence on the relationship between economic development and biological invasion on a worldwide scale. Herein, using principal factor analysis, we investigated the relationship between biological invasion and economic development together with biodiversity for 91 economies throughout the world. Our result indicates that the prevalence of invasive species in the economies can be well predicted by economic factors (R2 = 0.733). The impact of economic factors on the occurrence of invasive species for low, lower-middle, upper-middle and high income economies are 0%, 34.3%, 46.3% and 80.8% respectively. Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, Nitrous oxide, Methane and Other greenhouse gases) and also biodiversity have positive relationships with the global occurrence of invasive species in the economies on the global scale. The major social-economic factors that are correlated to biological invasions are different for various economies, and therefore the strategies for biological invasion prevention and control should be different.

ECP02-01 - Globalisation and the impact of economic factors on psychiatric disorders

IntroductionWith the process of globalisation in full flow, the movement of people and products across the globe has brought a series of difficulties. With migration the socio-economic status of the individuals may change with the likelihood that this status will be lower rather than higher, although depending upon the reasons for migration this may change too.ObjectivesLiterature shows that low socio-economic status is associated with a higher level of psychiatric morbidity.AimsWhether migration acts as a mediator needs to be investigated further.MethodsVarious studies have shown that rates of psychosis are elevated in migrants though these rates are differentially increased in different groups indicating that factors other than migration may be at play.ResultsIn this presentation the literature and link the acculturation and cultural identity with post-migration experiences will be reviewed.ConclusionA link exists between the perceptions within cultures and level of economic development of what constitutes mental health. The state of advancement of mental health services of a country will certainly have a large impact on prevalence rates. Further investigation should be carried out to examine in greater depth the relationship between social inequality and disorder prevalence, as distinct from income inequality.

Caritas in Veritate: Learning Lessons about Truth, Religion, and Civil Society from the Economic Experiments of the Twentieth Century

Caritas in Veritate emphasizes authentic development as growth in virtue and love for each other and for God. Civil society, especially religion and the family, set upon a foundation of truth about man and what is good for him, is critical. In the last century, debates about the economic and political mix were driven by theories which, because they overemphasized the impact of economic factors (especially capitalism) on individuals and society, often saw religion and civil society as irrelevant. The failure of the alternative economic arrangements demonstrates the error of those theories and testifies to the importance of truth, religion, and civil society to authentic human flourishing. Excessive criticism of capitalism hinders learning this lesson by keeping the focus on economic factors rather than moving to the more central issues of truth and civil society.

Assessment of eco-environment vulnerability in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

The northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is typically a vulnerable eco-environment where an overload of alpine meadows and serious soil degeneration have led to vulnerability to natural disasters. Consequently, this vulnerable eco-environment does not allow for rapid socioeconomic development, resulting in weak potential for sustainable development. The northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China is used for this case study, which sets up 17 impact factors of eco-environment vulnerability (EEV) to assess the indexes, including natural impact factors, economic impact factors and social impact factors. Subsequently, the study uses an analytic hierarchy process to endow index weights and proposes an assessment model of $$ G = 1 - \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{n} {{{P_{i} \cdot W_{i} } /{( {\max \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{n} {P_{i} \cdot W_{i} } + \min \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{n} {P_{i} \cdot W_{i} } } )}}} $$ to analyze and assess the dynamic changes in the EEV of the study area from 1987–2008. Finally, the correlation of the EEV and 17 impact factors is analyzed.

Impact of CCS on the Economics of Coal-Fired Power Plants: Why Investment Costs Do and Efficiency Doesn’t Matter

In this paper we analyze how development of the economics related to CCS technology in coal-fired power plants affects market diffusion. Specifically, we (1) show the (significant) variance in economic expectations for commercial-grade CCS hard coal power plants observed in selected recent scientific publications; (2) analyze the impact of economic factors related to CCS on electricity generation costs; and (3) study possible deployment of CCS technology in Europe using the bottom-up electricity sector model HECTOR. Simulation results show that investment costs strongly influence the market deployment of coal-fired CCS power plants, leading to a share of 16% in European generation capacity by 2025 with the lowest observed investment costs of 1400 €/kW, but only 2% with the highest of 3000 €/kW. A variation of conversion efficiency between 37% and 44%, the minimum and maximum observed values, only leads to a share of CCS-equipped power plants between 13 and 15%. These findings are robust for the Base Case with a CO2 price of 43 €/t and also for sensitivities with 30 and 20 €/t CO2, but with a lower effect, as the overall share of CCS is significantly reduced at these prices.

Understanding the variation in costs among HIV primary care providers

The paper uses a hybrid cost model to identify the determinants of cost variation among programs that offer early intervention services to people living with HIV and AIDS in the US. The model combines the effects of input price and output volume measures from traditional economic cost functions with institutional factors based on program and patient characteristics on the cost of providing primary medical care and support services to people living with HIV and AIDS. The impact of economic factors conforms to conventional theory and reveals the potential for cost savings through greater economies of scale and substitutability of low cost for high cost labor inputs. Similarly, programs that use staff more efficiently and share an affiliation with other organizations exhibit lower costs than more labor intensive and non-affiliated providers. However, patient characteristics are equally important determinants of program spending. Minority patients use services less frequently and generate fewer costs, while patients facing fewer barriers to care, such as those with Medicaid coverage, access services more frequently and incur higher costs. Uninsured patients also generate higher costs, but the higher costs associated with this subgroup more likely stem from a lack of continuity in care and, thus, poorer health status and greater healthcare needs when treatment is sought. Injection drug users require less expensive services, but access services more frequently than other risk groups, while patients with an AIDS diagnosis and those who are co-infected with hepatitis C require more program resources. By separately estimating the economic and institutional determinants of program costs, the study highlights the relative importance of factors that are amendable to internal cost control efforts versus those that reflect the resource needs of local communities.

The impact of economic factors and acquisition reforms on the cost of defense weapon systems

This paper evaluates how defense budget instability, consolidation of the defense industry, acquisition reform, war, and cost estimating error are related to cost overruns in major Department of Defense Acquisition projects from 1979 to 2002. Employing a panel model of service specific cost overruns, with fixed effects, we find that funding instability in O&M and R&D budgets had large impacts on procurement costs overruns. We further found that unexpected inflation and armed conflict led to higher levels of Procurement cost overruns. Finally we found that the acquisition reforms of the Nunn–McCurdy Act of 1982, the Packard Commission Recommendations of 1986 and the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) of 1994 resulted in significant reductions in procurement cost overruns.

Psychosocial impact among the public of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Taiwan

During the 2003 outbreak, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spread to more than 30 countries. Not only did it cause severe health problems but it also imposed a great psychological impact on the public. SARS emerged in Taiwan during April 2003. This study investigates the psychosocial impact and the associated factors of depression of the SARS epidemic in Taiwan when the epidemic had just been controlled. A total of 1552 respondents were recruited in the study by random selection from the telephone book. Demographic data, SARS experience, self-perceived health state, neighborhood relationships, and depression were surveyed by telephone interviewing. Respondents were grouped as 'impacted group' and 'non-impacted group' according to whether they or their friends and family had been quarantined, or suspected of being infected. The psychosocial impact and associated factors were compared between the two groups. The 'impacted group' had higher depressive levels, poorer neighborhood relationships, poorer self-perceived health, and a higher economic impact than the 'non-impacted group'. The poorer self-perceived health and economic impact factors were associated with depression. The neighborhood relationship factor was negatively associated with depression for the 'impacted group', but not for the 'non-impacted group'. The 'impacted group' had experienced greater psychosocial impact possibly due to the SARS impact, the economic downturn, poor self-perceived health conditions, and decreased social support systems. An appropriate mental health intervention to improve the self-perceived health condition, to provide instrumental and psychological support for the 'impacted group', and to decrease the stigmatization and discrimination from the public could have buffered the psychological impact from this epidemic disaster.