Impact Of Different Treatments Research Articles

Impact of different treatments on Escherichia coli during storage of cattle slurry

There are different types of effluents from farming operations including untreated slurry (a mixture of manure, urine, split feed, and water), and treated slurry that normally is filtered to separate the solid fraction from the liquid fraction. With the amount of slurry applied on the soils as fertiliser every year, there are necessary to measure the leaching of microbial capable of transmitting infective agents that can be normally on slurry, because slurry can be a potential biohazard capable of transmitting infective agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and survival of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on liquid fraction of dairy slurry, with the addition of different treatments during storage, such as addition of Biochar, beneficial microorganisms, sulphuric acid and the combinations of them. All the applied treatments to slurry show statistically significant differences (P < 0.001), according to the different sampling dates. Results showed that there are conditions and treatments that benefit the survival probability of E. coli, the treatments that include the acidification of slurry have the highest averages of CFU/ml (243288.3 at 37 °C; 136584 at 44 °C). These results can contribute to the improvement of the quality of slurry applied on soils, beneficiating agriculture but also public health.

How different treatments for clinically localised prostate cancer affect quality of life

Introduction: Patients with clinically localised prostate cancer have a favourable long-term overall and cancer-specific survival regardless of treatment choice. These options differ in terms of side effects. Knowledge of the side effects of different management options is crucial for making treatment decisions, as they can negatively impact on patient’s quality of life. Methods: We conducted a literature review for articles concerning treatment and quality of life for clinically localised prostate cancer to access the impact of different treatments on patient’s quality of life. Results: We identified 5 prospective randomised comparative studies reporting QoL outcomes, recruiting a total of 2933 patients. Conclusion: Surgery seems to produce sexual and urinary incontinence deterioration, while external beam radiotherapy can cause bowel dysfunction and bother. Men managed with active surveillance have good overall quality of life scores, which seem to be better than those of patients undergoing radical treatments.

Rhinogenic Contact Point Headache: Surgical Treatment Versus Medical Treatment

Rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH) is a headache syndrome secondary to mucosal contact points in the sinonasal cavities, in the absence of inflammatory signs, hyperplastic mucosa, purulent discharge, sinonasal polyps, or masses. It may result from pressure on the nasal mucosa due to anatomic variations among which the septal deviation, septal spur, and concha bullosa, are the most commonly observed. In recent years, RCPH has remained a subject of controversy regarding both its pathogenesis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of surgical and medical treatment of pain relief in patients with RCPH, evaluating the intensity, duration, and frequency of headaches, and the impact of different treatments on quality of life. Ninety-four patients with headache, no symptoms or signs of acute and chronic sinonasal inflammation and who present with intranasal mucosal contact points positive to the lidocaine test were randomized into 2 equal groups and given medical or surgical treatment. The authors used visual analog scale, number of hours, and days with pain to characterize the headache and Migraine Disability Assessment score (MIDAS) to assess the migraine disability score before and 3 to 6 months after treatment. After treatment the severity, duration, and frequency of the headache decreased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.031, respectively) as well as the MIDAS in the surgical group compared with medical group. Our results suggest that surgical removal of mucosal contact points is more effective than local medical treatment improving the therapeutic outcomes in patients with contact point headache.

Effects of cleaning methods upon preservation of stable isotopes and trace elements in shells of Cyprideis torosa (Crustacea, Ostracoda): Implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction

The trace element (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) geochemistry of fossil ostracod valves provide valuable information, particularly in lacustrine settings, on palaeo-water composition and palaeotemperature. The removal of sedimentary and organic contamination prior to geochemical analysis is essential to avoid bias of the results. Previous stable isotope and trace element work on ostracod shells has, however, employed different treatments for the removal of contamination beyond simple ‘manual’ cleaning using a paint brush and methanol under a low-power binocular microscope. For isotopic work pre-treatments include chemical oxidation, vacuum roasting and plasma ashing, and for trace element work sonication, chemical oxidation and reductive cleaning. The impact of different treatments on the geochemical composition of the valve calcite has not been evaluated in full, and a universal protocol has not been established. Here, a systematic investigation of the cleaning methods is undertaken using specimens of the ubiquitous euryhaline species, Cyprideis torosa. Cleaning methods are evaluated by undertaking paired analyses on a single carapace (comprising two valves); in modern ostracods, whose valves are assumed to be unaltered, the two valves should have identical geochemical and isotopic composition. Hence, when one valve is subjected to the chosen treatment and the other to simple manual cleaning any difference in composition can confidently be assigned to the treatment method. We show that certain cleaning methods have the potential to cause alteration to the geochemical signal, particularly Mg/Ca and δ18O, and hence have implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. For trace–element determinations we recommend cleaning by sonication and for stable isotope analysis, oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. These methods remove contamination, yet do not significantly alter the geochemical signal.

Impact of psychiatric illness on decreased survival in elderly patients with bladder cancer in the United States

Treatments for muscle-invasive bladder cancer are multimodal, complex, and often carry significant risks of physical and psychological morbidity. The objectives of this study were to define the incidence and types of psychiatric illnesses diagnosed after treatment and to determine their impact on survival outcomes. In total, 3709 patients who were diagnosed with clinical stage T2 through T4a bladder cancer from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2011, from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare were analyzed. Multivariable analysis and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to determine the predictors associated with psychiatric diagnosis and impact on survival outcomes. Of 3709 patients, 1870 (50.4%) were diagnosed with posttreatment psychiatric disorders. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy were identified as being at significantly greater risk of having a posttreatment psychiatric illness compared with those who received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.31; P = .001). In adjusted analyses, diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder resulted in significantly worse overall survival (HR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.47-3.17; P < .001) and cancer-specific survival (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.05-2.78; P < .001). One-half of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent treatment were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, which resulted in worse survival outcomes compared with patients who did not have a posttreatment psychiatric diagnosis. This information can be used to inform interventions to educate patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer regarding the impact of different treatments on mental health. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Different Strategies to Treat Paroxysmal AF in Patients with Moderate CKD and Severe OSA: a sub group Analysis

Accentuated sympathetic nerve activity is a strong danger feature for cardiovascular major episodes, such as cerebral and myocardial ischemia/infarction. Peripheric sympathetic nerve activity is emphasized in the hypertensive state, congestive cardiac failure, OSA, heaviness, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects. Leastwise a half of individuals with hypertension present augmented sympathetic nerve activity. Our group believes that RSD can reduce AF recurrence in patients with CKD and OSA by modulation of the sympathetic hyperactivity present in these diseases. The goal of this prospective study was to compare the impact of different treatments including CPAP, PVI, RSD, and some combination of them in controlled hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF, moderate CKD, and severe OSA. Our data suggest that the patients underwent RSD associated to CPAP treatment or PVI, or both of them presented an improvement in the renal function, a decrease in AHI and a lower chance to present AF recurrence than the ones that did not suffer this intervention. Although encouraging, our data are preliminary and need long-term validation in a large population.

Sustainable yield index and soil properties in mango under different nutrient management strategies

A field experiment was conducted during 2012–15 to estimate the sustainable yield index and variations in soil properties in mango under different nutrient management modules in subtropical climatic condition of Lucknow. Inorganic (NPK and micronutrients) and organic sources (FYM, Azotobacter and PSM) were tried for improving the mango productivity. The frequency, distribution and quantity of rainfall received were observed to be varied during the mango growing seasons. The pan evaporation was varied between 5.6 to 11.4 mm day−1 during fruit developmental stages. A range of 1.29 to 1.44 g cm−3 bulk density was recorded in top soil layer (0–10 cm) and it increased down the depths (20–30 cm) to 1.36 to 1.51 g cm−3. An impact of different treatments on WHC was recorded with highest and lowest value as 23.70 and 19.97%, respectively. A range of 39.89 to 48.17% porosity across treatments was revealed. Significant effect of various treatments on soil organic carbon and available N content in soil was revealed. The highest fruit yield of 13.96 and 9.10 t ha−1 was recorded in the treatment NPK + Zn, Cu, Mn, B (50% soil + 50% foliar application) over control (6.44 and 3.97 t ha−1), respectively. The highest sustainable yield index (SYI) was in the same treatment (0.90 and 0.87) indicating the fact that for maintaining a sustainable yield level, application of micronutrients both in soil and as foliar spray @ 50% are essentially required in mango growing soils.

Oral health-related concerns, behavior, and communication with health care providers of patients with breast cancer: impact of different treatments.

The objectives are to compare responses of breast cancer (BCa) treatment groups (chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to each other and a control regarding (a) subjective oral health, (b) oral health-related behaviors, (c) oral health-related concerns, and (d) communication with health care providers. Survey data were collected from 140 postmenopausal BCa patients and 41 healthy postmenopausal control respondents. BCa patients reported on average more frequent mouth sores/mucositis (5-point scale with 1 = never: 1.63 vs. 1.14; p < .01), glossadynia (1.60 vs. 1.07; p < .01), xerostomia (2.48 vs. 1.40; p < .01), and dysgeusia (2.10 vs. 1.46; p < .01) than the control respondents. Patients undergoing chemotherapy were more aware that cancer treatment can affect their oral health than patients on tamoxifen/AI (93% vs. 55%/56%; p < .001). BCa patients reported being more frequently informed by oncologists about oral health-related effects of cancer treatment than by dentists. Oncologists/nurses were more likely to communicate about oral health-related treatment effects with patients undergoing chemotherapy than patients on tamoxifen or AIs. Few BCa patients perceived dentists as knowledgeable about cancer treatment-related oral concerns and trusted them less than oncologists. BCa treatments impact oral health. Low percentages of BCa patients had received specific information about impacts of BCa treatments on oral health from their dentists.

Combining ballast water treatment and ballast water exchange: Reducing colonization pressure and propagule pressure of phytoplankton organisms

Species richness and species abundance (colonization pressure and propagule pressure, respectively) are commonly used to characterize invasion risk for ballast-water-mediated introductions, which can be high if either parameter is high. For practical reasons, the adopted IMO-D2 standard for organisms in discharged ballast water only considers total abundance of biological indicators, without consideration of species richness or source community. Here we explore the effect of ballast-water source, ballast water exchange, chlorination, or a combination of both (hybrid treatment) on both colonization pressure and propagule pressure for one IMO-D2 size class (≥10 µm and &amp;lt;50 µm; phytoplankton). A strong reduction of propagule pressure was observed in all experimental trials and taxonomic groups, probably owing to environment conditions inside ballast tanks and treatment effects. However, only the hybrid treatment met the IMO-D2 standard for propagule pressure, while also significantly reducing colonization pressure, from 25 initial groups to 16 final groups. In this treatment, dinoflagellates and diatoms dominated final composition. The impact of different treatments on colonization pressure and propagule pressure was always lower when the vessel was ballasted in a brackish than freshwater port. Our study demonstrates that even treated ballast water compliant with the IMO-D2 standard may still harbor a diverse phytoplankton community, albeit with low individual species abundances. These results might be similar even using a type approved ballast water management systems which usually includes a filter for &amp;gt;50 µm organisms as a pre-treatment.

Effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life of a dairy-like product

This study was aimed to assess the effect of irradiation on the shelf-life of pseudo-dairy food product consisting of different concentration levels of the structural and energy-giving caloric component macronutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate). Gamma irradiated products (1kGy, 3kGy, 5kGy and 10kGy) were compared to the current procedure used by the industry of non-irradiated dairy products. The study looked at the impact of different treatments on storage quality in respect to physicochemical (pH, acidity, macronutrients), and microbiological properties [total viable count (TVC)]. The products were aseptically packaged in plastic containers and analysed at regular weekly intervals up until 100 days during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°C. The storage period did not bring about any significant change in physicochemical properties of the products throughout the period of study while the TVC displayed a linear regression for irradiated products stored at 4 ± 1°C as well as the control (non-irradiated). At the end of the shelf-life trial (benchmarked at log 4.3 CFU/g), the total viable count did not exceed log 3.94 CFU/g for samples treated at 10kGy after 100 days of analysis. These observations indicated that the product could be safely stored aerobically for > 100days (10 and 5kGy), 56days at (3kGy), 42 days at (1kGy) for the irradiated samples' and 14–28 days for the non-irradiated samples without much change in physicochemical and microbiological properties using refrigerated storage.

Role of treatment on the development of secondary malignancies in patients with essential thrombocythemia.

Aim of this study is to explore the role of different treatments on the development of secondary malignancies (SMs) in a large cohort of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients. We report the experience of a regional cooperative group in a real‐life cohort of 1026 patients with ET. We divided our population into five different groups: group 0, no treatment; group 1, hydroxyurea (HU); group 2, alkylating agents (ALK); group 3, ALK + HU sequentially or in combination; and group 4, anagrelide (ANA) and/or α‐interferon (IFN) only. Patients from groups 1, 2, and 3 could also have been treated either with ANA and/or IFN in their medical history, considering these drugs not to have an additional cytotoxic potential. In all, 63 of the 1026 patients (6%) developed 64 SM during the follow‐up, after a median time of 50 months (range: 2–158) from diagnosis. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was found only for gender (P = 0.035) and age (P = 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was maintained for both gender and age (gender HR1.7 [CI 95% 1.037–2.818] P = 0.035; age HR 4.190 [CI 95% 2.308–7.607] P = 0.0001). The impact of different treatments on SMs development was not statistically significant. In our series of 1026 ET patients, diagnosed and followed during a 30‐year period, the different therapies administered, comprising HU and ALK, do not appear to have impacted on the development of SM. A similar rate of SMs was observed also in untreated patients. The only two variables which showed a statistical significance were male gender and age >60 years.

Clinical impact of different treatments of osteoporosis

Clinical impact of different treatments of osteoporosis

Cryosurvival of in vitro produced bovine embryos supplemented with l-Carnitine and concurrent reduction of fatty acids

Lipid accumulation is associated with reduced embryonic quality, causing limited survival after cryopreservation. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to reveal the effects of supplementation of a lipid reducing agent, l-carnitine and the removal of fatty acids during in vitro culture on the morphological as well as on the molecular level. To accomplish that, presumptive zygotes were cultured in 4 contrasting groups: namely SOFaa medium supplemented with BSA, (BSA), SOFaa medium supplemented with fatty acid free BSA (FAF), SOFaa medium supplemented with BSA as well as l-Carnitine (BSA + LC) and SOFaa medium concurrently supplemented with fatty acid free BSA and l-Carnitine (FAF + LC). Considering the developmental rates, no impact of different treatments was observed. Conversely, treatment groups clearly affected lipid content, with the lowest amounts detected in embryos derived from FAF and BSA + LC groups, implicating that both removal of fatty acids and supplementation of LC reduces lipid content effectively. Importantly, survival rates after cryopreservation show that LC significantly affects the kinetics of re-expansion, with the highest hatching rates detected for embryos cultured in FAF + LC (p < 0.05). Noteworthy, the highest cryotolerance did not go along with lowest lipid contents. Finally, metabolic alterations between the groups were reflected in different abundances of selected candidate genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response, like AMPKA1, ACC and PGC1 α or KEAP1 and SOD1. All in all, highly beneficial effects on survival rates after cryopreservation have been detected when embryos were cultured in absence of fatty acids and concurrent presence of l-Carnitine. Highest cryotolerance, however, did not correlate with lowest lipid contents.

Chemical modification of regenerated cellulose fibres by cellulose nano-crystals: Towards hierarchical structure for structural composites reinforcement

A simple and innovative new route, with less negative impact on the environment, for depositing and hope-grafting cellulose nano-crystals onto the surface of regenerated cellulose fibres (Cordenka 700 Super 3), using γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as coupling agent, is presented. Hierarchical cellulosic structure involving micro-scale fibres and nano-scale cellulose crystal network was created as verified by the scanning electron microscopy. The fibres were initially oxidised by optimized concentration of cerium ammonium nitrate to generate radicals on the cellulose backbone in order to polymerize the coupling agent at the surface. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the chemical polymerisation of MPS onto regenerated cellulose fibres without enabling to show the chemical bonding between silane and nano-crystals. However, tensile test which was performed to study the impact of different treatments on mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres, revealed that the modification by silane decreased the stiffness and strength of fibres (22% and 10% decrease, respectively) while the strain at failure was increased. These changes were attributed to the treatment conditions which may have induced the disorder and the misalignment of the structure of cellulose fibres (e.g. axial orientation of molecular chains and crystalline phase of the fibre has been reduced). This assumption is supported by the results from successive loading-unloading test of the fibre bundle. However, after depositing cellulose nano-crystals onto the fibre’s surface, the stiffness was recovered (20% increase in comparison to MPS treated fibres) while the strength and strain at failure remained at the same order of magnitude as for fibres treated only by the coupling agent.

Impact of Rituximab and Methotrexate on the Survival of the Patients with Sinonasal Tract Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the sinonasal track (SNT) is a rare presentation of the aggressive lymphoid malignancy with the incidence of 0.06-0.17 per 100 000 in the Western population. SNT involvement is associated with increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) progression, and thus eligible patients are often treated with chemoimmunotherapy in combination with CNS prophylaxis with intrathecally (it) or intravenously (iv) administered methotrexate (MTX). However, the data demonstrating that the addition of CD20 antibody rituximab and/or CNS penetrating MTX improves the outcome of the patients with SNT-DLBCL are lacking.Materials and Methods: The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical findings of the patients with SNT-DLBCL treated at two University Hospital districts in Finland (Helsinki and Tampere University Hospitals). The hospital records of 59 patients were retrospectively reviewed on parameters for patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment and outcome.Results: Forty-five patients were treated with curative intent with CHOP-like chemotherapy, 24 (53%) of them with chemoimmunotherapy containing rituximab (R+) and 21 (47%) before the rituximab era (R-). Among the patients treated with curative intent, iv MTX was given to 24 patients (53%; M+ group), whereas the remaining 21 patients (47%) did not receive MTX (M- group). The median age was 65 years for the whole cohort, and 64 years for the patients treated with curative intent. The patients treated with curative intent had better performance status in comparison to all patients. Otherwise, the patient characteristics were similar. Follow-up data was collected to 60 months. Median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 47 months.No differences were observed in the patient characteristics between the R+ and R- groups. The patients in the M+ group were younger than the patients in the M- group (67% vs 24% were <60 years, p=0.007). Otherwise, no significant differences in the patient characteristics were found between the two groups. MTX was used equally often during the pre-R and R eras.The patients in the R+ group had lower risk of progression (RR 0.384, 95% CI 0.145-1.018, p=0.054) and death (RR 0.235, 95% CI 0.066-0.836, p=0.025) in comparison to the patients in the R- group. According to Kaplan-Meier analyses, the patients in the R+ group had better survival rates than the patients in the R- group (5-y progression free survival (PFS) 66% vs 38%, p=0.046; 5-y overall survival (OS) 80% vs 43%, p=0.015).Addition of MTX to chemotherapy also reduced the risk of progression (RR 0.384, 95% CI 0.151-0.977, p=0.044) and death (RR 0.253, 95% CI 0.080-0.795, p=0.019). According to Kaplan-Meier analyses, the patients in the M+ group had better survival rates than the patients in the M- group (5-y PFS, 67% vs 31%, p=0.036; 5-y OS 82% vs 35%, p=0.011). Only one patient in the cohort experienced CNS progression.Conclusions: SNT-DLBCL patients treated with curative intent with R containing regimen have superior survival in comparison to the patients treated in the pre-R era. Likewise, intravenously administered CNS penetrating MTX improves survival. In this cohort, only one patient experienced CNS progression, and thus the impact of different treatments on the risk of CNS progression could not be evaluated. DisclosuresMannisto:SOBI: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: Travel expenses; Celgene: Other: Travel expenses; Novartis: Other: Travel expenses; Amgen: Other: Travel expenses; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses; Roche: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses. Leppä:Amgen: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses; Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; CTI Life Sciences: Honoraria.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Associated with Different Treatments for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Background: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are associated with shortened overall survival (OS) and inferior quality of life (QOL). Age, degree of comorbidity, MDS risk group, and treatment status are all likely predictors of both outcomes. We aimed to assess the association between treatment status and patient-reported QOL in a large cohort of community-treated MDS patients at the time of presentation to tertiary care, while controlling for the other three factors.Methods: Beginning in 2006, patients with MDS presenting for their first evaluation at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) were enrolled into a clinical database (consent rate 85%). Enrollment included administration of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (Aaronson, JNCI, 1993), a 30-item measure of QOL that includes subscales for global health (higher score better), fatigue (lower score better), and physical function (higher score better). Medical record review was performed to characterize baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Treatment status included therapies received in the community during the 30 days prior to QOL assessment, as these were most likely to directly impact QOL. Comorbidity was assigned via the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI; Charlson, Journal Clinical Epi, 1994). MDS prognostic group was assigned via the IPSS-R (Greenberg, Blood, 2012). Associations between treatment status and QOL scores were analyzed with separate multivariable linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and IPSS-R.Results: In total, 287 patients with complete QLQ-C30 data were included, of which 22% were IPSS-R very high risk, 24% high risk, 22% intermediate risk, 26% low risk, and 6% very low risk. The majority of patients (66%) were male, median age was 68 years, and the mCCI was 0 in 40%, 1-2 in 35%, and 3+ in 24%. Relative to very low risk on the IPSS-R, the unadjusted hazard ratios for death were 1.5 for low risk, 2.2 for intermediate risk, 4.9 for high risk, and 7.2 for very high risk (Ptrend<0.001). In the 30 days prior to tertiary center evaluation, 52% of patients had received therapy: 40% red cell or platelet transfusions, 18% erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), 11% either azacitidine or decitabine (HMA), 2.8% lenalidomide, and 2.8% deferasirox (treatments not mutually exclusive). Patients with higher risk disease on the IPSS-R were more likely to have received at least one treatment (41% for very low/low risk, 44% for intermediate risk, 57% for high risk, and 72% for very high risk; Ptrend<0.001). Associations between MDS therapies and QOL adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and IPSS-R are shown in the Table. Patients receiving any treatment in the 30 days prior to DFCI presentation experienced inferior global health and physical function, and increased fatigue in comparison to patients receiving no treatment. For patients with anemia, patients receiving an ESA without red cell transfusion experienced superior global health and physical functioning, and less fatigue compared to patients receiving transfusions (and no ESA). Patients receiving an HMA did not have significant differences in QOL compared to those who were not.Conclusions: These data suggest that patients receiving MDS treatments have inferior QOL when compared to patients who are not treated, indicating a need for agents that better address the negative impact of MDS on QOL. Our results encourage the prospective study of the impact of different treatments, established and in development, on QOL. Our data also support the practice of an ESA trial before initiation of transfusions for MDS-related anemia, as the latter was associated with worse QOL even after adjustment for IPSS-R which includes degree of cytopenias. Finally, these results complement a recent report of minimal improvement in OS with HMA treatment in clinical practice (Zeiden, Leukemia and Lymphoma, 2016), suggesting that such treatment may also not be associated with significantly better QOL. [Display omitted] DisclosuresSteensma:Amgen: Consultancy; Genoptix: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Millenium/Takeda: Consultancy; Ariad: Equity Ownership. Stone:Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Xenetic Biosciences: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy; ONO: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Celator: Consultancy; Jansen: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy. DeAngelo:Novartis: Consultancy; Baxter: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy.

Study of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression among Cancer Survivors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Cancer survivors may experience mental health concerns that affect their emotions, behavior, memory, and ability to concentrate. For example, cancer survivors may feel emotional distress like depression, fear, and anxiety after being diagnosed with cancer. Present study was conducted to assess depression, anxiety level and quality of life of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: 42 cancer survivors (under cancer therapy for 1 year and above) visiting Department of Radiotherapy, Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Hapur, UP, (India) are included in the present study. The study forms including the questions regarding the patient’s demographic characteristics, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WHOQOL BREF were completed during face-to-face interviews for the determination of the psychological status of the patients. Results: Study sample consists of 16 (38.1%) males and 26 (61.9%) females. Maximum number of the sample belongs to the age group of ˃61 years (33.3%, 14). Further, 35 (83.3%) out of total 42 cases are married. There was a positive correlation between BDI and STAI and there is negative correlation between BDI and quality of life. Study sample was compared in terms of Quality of Life and STAI scores. Comparison on both scales shows that all the dimensions of the Quality of Life except D3= Domain 3 (Social Relationship) is negatively correlated with both the two sub-types of STAI. The state anxiety score is negatively correlated with D1=Domain 1 (Physical health; p<0.001), D2= Domain 2 (Psychological; p<0.001), D4= Domain 4 (Environment; p<0.001) and also the trait anxiety score of the sample is also negatively correlated with D1=Domain 1 (Physical health; p<0.001), D2= Domain 2 (Psychological; p<0.001), D4= Domain 4 (Environment; p<0.001). However, there is no significant difference in terms of D3= Domain 3 (Social Relationship; state anxiety p ˃ 0.001and trait anxiety p ˃ 0.001) and STAI scores. Conclusion: There is a need for methodological studies that measure QOL among cancer survivors more precisely by taking into account the effects of the severity of the cancer and the long-term impact of different treatments. Additional data are needed to help us understand the needs of survivors and to identify those subgroups of survivors who are at greatest risk for the adverse sequelae of the disease and its treatment.

Single-Staged Compared With Multi-Staged PCI in Multivessel NSTEMI Patients: The SMILE Trial

BackgroundA lack of clarity exists about the role of complete coronary revascularization in patients presenting with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to compare long-term outcomes in terms of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events of 2 different complete coronary revascularization strategies in patients with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease: 1-stage percutaneous coronary intervention (1S-PCI) during the index procedure versus multistage percutaneous coronary intervention (MS-PCI) complete coronary revascularization during the index hospitalization. MethodsIn the SMILE (Impact of Different Treatment in Multivessel Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: One Stage Versus Multistaged Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) trial, 584 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 manner to 1S-PCI or MS-PCI. The primary study endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which were defined as cardiac death, death, reinfarction, rehospitalization for unstable angina, repeat coronary revascularization (target vessel revascularization), and stroke at 1 year. ResultsThe occurrence of the primary endpoint was significantly lower in the 1-stage group (1S-PCI: n = 36 [13.63%] vs. MS-PCI: n = 61 [23.19%]; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.549 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.363 to 0.828]; p = 0.004). The 1-year rate of target vessel revascularization was significantly higher in the MS-PCI group (1S-PCI: n = 22 [8.33%] vs. MS-PCI: n = 40 [15.20%]; HR: 0.522 [95% CI: 0.310 to 0.878]; p = 0.01; p log-rank = 0.013). When the analyses were limited to cardiac death (1S-PCI: n = 9 [3.41%] vs. MS-PCI: n = 14 [5.32%]; HR: 0.624 [95% CI: 0.270 to 1.441]; p = 0.27) and myocardial infarction (1S-PCI: n = 7 [2.65%] vs. MS-PCI: n = 10 [3.80%]; HR: 0.678 [95% CI: 0.156 to 2.657]; p = 0.46), no significant differences were observed between groups. ConclusionsIn multivessel non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, complete 1-stage coronary revascularization is superior to multistage PCI in terms of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. (Impact of Different Treatment in Multivessel Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction [NSTEMI] Patients: One Stage Versus Multistaged Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] [SMILE]: NCT01478984)

Brachytherapy: state‐of‐the‐art radiotherapy in prostate cancer

Brachytherapy: state‐of‐the‐art radiotherapy in prostate cancer

The relationship between the aging of polycarbonate characterized by SEC and the release of bisphenol A quantified by HPLC–UV

Aging of polycarbonate (PC) and migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from PC in solutions were studied under different conditions of temperature, pH, and treatment duration. In order to investigate the relationship between the migrant and its polymer and explain the release mechanism of the BPA, the impact of different treatments on PC aging was studied by measuring molecular masses using size exclusion chromatography. The BPA which migrates in the solutions was measured using HPLC–UV. It has been found that the molecular weights of PC samples change as the conditions of treatment change. In general, the trend was to shift the Mn toward a lower average molecular weight by increasing treatment temperature, pH, and treatment duration. The findings are in concordance with the BPA concentrations in solutions. The obtained results show clearly that the levels of BPA concentrations increase with temperature, pH, and treatment duration. The BPA released does not only result from degradation mechanism originating from the treatments of the polymer, but also it results from the transport of non-polymerized monomer from the polycarbonate.