Impact Of Dietary Vitamin Research Articles

Impact of Dietary Vitamin K Intake on Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device During the 2018 Osaka Earthquake.

Background: The 2018 Osaka earthquake caused severe damage to the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, and the interruption to the delivery of hospital food in particular had a significant effect on patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Methods and Results: We retrospectively assessed 10 patients who had been provided with emergency rations on the day of earthquake and the next day for breakfast. Catered foods were provided thereafter. Vitamin K content was largely reduced due to emergency rations; the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) on day 2 was significantly higher than on day 1. Conclusions: Close monitoring of PT-INR and assessing vitamin K content may be important for preventing complications in patients with a LVAD during a disaster.

Impact of dietary vitamin A on striatal function in adult rats.

The striatum is a brain structure involved in the control of voluntary movement. Striatum contains high amounts of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, as well as retinoid receptors, RARβ and RXRγ. Previous studies revealed that disruption of retinoid signaling initiated during development is deleterious for striatal physiology and related motor functions. However, the alteration of retinoid signaling, and the importance of vitamin A supply during adulthood on striatal physiology and function has never been established. In the present study, we investigated the impact of vitamin A supply on striatal function. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with three specific diets, either sub-deficient, sufficient, or enriched in vitamin A (0.4, 5, and 20 international units [IU] of retinol per g of diet, respectively) for 6 months. We first validated that vitamin A sub-deficient diet in adult rats constitutes a physiological model of retinoid signaling reduction in the striatum. We then revealed subtle alterations of fine motor skills in sub-deficient rats using a new behavioral apparatus specifically designed to test forepaw reach-and-grasp skills relying on striatal function. Finally, we showed using qPCR analysis and immunofluorescence that the striatal dopaminergic system per se was not affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency at adult age. Rather, cholinergic synthesis in the striatum and μ-opioid receptor expression in striosomes sub-territories were the most affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency starting at adulthood. Taken together these results revealed that retinoid signaling alteration at adulthood is associated with motor learning deficits together with discrete neurobiological alterations in the striatum.

Impact of dietary vitamin (E) and Eruca sativa seeds powder on broiler productivity, health, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

This investigation examined the impact of nutritional vitamin E (VE) and Eruca sativa seeds powder (ESSP) on broilers’ performance, physiological, and meat quality. A total of 350 two-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were allocated into five dietary treatments as follows: control (fed a basic diet), VE treatment (fed a basic diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg diet), the third, fourth, and fifth treatments were fed a basic diet supplied by different levels of ESSP (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg diet). Outcomes showed that chicks of VE treatment or ESSP (0.2 g/kg) significantly improved vital body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, relevant dressing and hind parts of the carcass for birds of VE treatment or ESSP at different levels were significantly increased. The results showed a significant improvement in meat quality traits. Moreover, ESSP (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg) groups represented a significant decrease in the total bacterial count and E. coli compared with other groups. In conclusion, ESSP positively affected broiler performance, hematological, and immunological indices, carcass characteristics, intestinal bacterial count, meat quality, and cooking properties of the resulting meat, especially at the level of (0.2 g/kg).

Impact of dietary vitamin D on immunoregulation and disease pathology in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice.

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a highly prevalent worldwide phenomenon and is extensively discussed as a risk factor for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other immune-mediated diseases. In addition, it is now appreciated that VD possesses multiple immunomodulatory effects. This study aims to explore the impact of dietary VD intake on lupus manifestation and pathology in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice and identify the underlying immunological mechanisms modulated by VD. Here, we show that low VD intake accelerates lupus progression, reflected in reduced overall survival and an earlier onset of proteinuria, as well higher concentrations of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies. This unfavorable effect gained statistical significance with additional low maternal VD intake during the prenatal period. Among examined immunological effects, we found that low VD intake consistently hampered the adoption of a regulatory phenotype in lymphocytes, significantly reducing both IL-10-expressing and regulatory CD4+ T cells. This goes along with a mildly decreased frequency of IL-10-expressing B cells. We did not observe consistent effects on the phenotype and function of innate immune cells, including cytokine production, costimulatory molecule expression, and phagocytic capacity. Hence, our study reveals that low VD intake promotes lupus pathology, likely via the deviation of adaptive immunity, and suggests that the correction of VD deficiency might not only exert beneficial functions by preventing osteoporosis but also serve as an important module in prophylaxis and as an add-on in the treatment of lupus and possibly other immune-mediated diseases. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate dosage, as too-high VD serum levels may also induce adverse effects, possibly also on lupus pathology.

Effect of vitamin E supplemented fish feed on growth performance of brood gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius)

Nutrition is the major crucial factor determining the potential of cultured fish to exhibit its genetic capability for growth. In this study, the impact of dietary vitamin E supplementation of fish feed on growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius, Hamilton, 1822) were investigate. Total 150 number of young M. cavasius (weight 33.0±10.0 g) were used the CRD (completely randomized design) method with five treatments and three replications and fed with one of five diets for 45 days. Five different treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4) with three replication having different level of vitamin E such as 0 mg vitamin E/kg (Control-T0), 50 mg vitamin E/kg (T1), 100 mg vitamin E/kg (T2), 150 mg vitamin E/kg (T3) and 200 mg vitamin E/kg (T4). Feeds supplied at the rate of 5% for first two weeks, 4% for following two weeks and 3% of the body weight for the rest of the experimental period twice daily throughout the study period. At the end of the (15+30) 45 days study period, the highest mean final weight gain 15.65±0.10 in T2, whereas, the minimum final weight gain was 7.725±0.49 in T4. The body length of M. cavasius was not increased significantly (p˃0.05) at different doses of vitamin E supplementation. The food conversion ratio in treatment 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.72±0.12, 2.41±0.14, 1.53±0.12, 2.68±0.09, and 3.11±0.10, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) were found highest (1.96±0.08) at T2 compared to T1 (1.25±0.09), T3 (1.12±0.11) T0 (1.11±0.10), and T4 (0.96±0.10), respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR%/day) in treatment 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 0.79±0.05, 0.91±0.07, 1.37±0.10, 0.87±0.08 and 0.79±0.06, respectively. The best performance found for 100 mg vitamin E/kg containing feed could be the best for growth performance of Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius).

Impact of dietary vitamin A deficiency on body physiology and liver metabolism of Wistar rats.

Background: Studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause night blindness or xerophthalmia, hepatic and metabolic changes in the blood. Aim: Therefore, this work aimed to stablish a model of hypovitaminosis A in rats and to evaluate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver of rats. Methods: Male (n = 19), Wistar, rats (21-day-old) weighing 50g, divided into two experimental groups: Control Group (C), received AIN 93G diet and Vitamin A Deficiency Group (VAD), received AIN 93G vitamin A-free diet for 45 days. In this work, the parameters analyzed were: body mass, food and water intake, biochemical aspects in the blood, lipids and glycogen content, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl proteins and catalase activity in the liver. Results: In the VAD group, final body mass (9%), liver mass (28%), glycemia (14%), Total -cholesterol (17%), HDL -cholesterol (31%) and VLDL -cholesterol (30%) showed reduced (p < 0.05). The liver lipid (64%) and glyceride-fatty acid (74%) contents were higher in the VAD group. The carbonyl proteins in liver were increased by 171% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that the absence of vitamin A from the diet was effective in inducing characteristics of hypovitaminosis A in rats. This way, can be used for studies related to glucose and lipid metabolism.

Impact of dietary vitamin c on plasma metabolites, antioxidant capacity and innate immunocompetence in juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin c on plasma metabolites, antioxidant capacity and innate immunocompetence in juvenile largemouth bass. To achieve this, the fish were fed diets supplemented with 0 (basal), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 mg/kg dietary VC for 60 day. Then, fish were sampled and tissues were collected to determine antioxidant capacity and innate immunity. Also, post bacteria challenge evaluations were carried out. In the present study, hemorrhagic lip, hemorrhagic fin, dark skin coloration, eroded fin and scoliosis were observed in AMP0 group. Dietary VC (AMP125, AMP150 and AMP175) significantly elevated plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total protein and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and their hepatic mRNA level (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase), these treatments also lowered low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase concentration and Malondialdehyde. In addition, AMP125 and AMP150 significantly enhanced immune parameters (C3, C4 and IgM).Conclusively, dietary VC triggers antioxidant system, prevent oxidative stress and enhances some innate immune components. Moreover, dietary VC improves liver integrity and percentage survival rate during Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Dietary VC administration at 125–150 mg/kg is suitable to enhance antioxidant and immune capacity in largemouth bass without negative effects on the growth and feed utilization efficiency.

Impact of dietary vitamin D on initiation and progression of oral cancer

Calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, has been widely studied for its preventive and therapeutic activity against several cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the impact of dietary vitamin D supplementation on initiation and progression of OSCC is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted preclinical trials using the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4NQO carcinogen model of oral carcinogenesis. Female C57BL/6 mice were maintained on one of three vitamin D diets [25 IU, 100 IU, 10,000 IU] and exposed to 4NQO in drinking water for 16 weeks followed by regular water for 10 weeks. Body weight measurements obtained through the study duration did not reveal any differences between the three diets. Animals on 100 IU diet showed lower incidence of high-grade dysplasia/OSCC and higher CD3 + T cells compared to animals on 25 IU and 10,000 IU diets. Serum 25OHD3 levels were highest in animals on 10,000 IU diet at week 0 prior to carcinogen exposure but showed ∼50 % reduction at week 26. Histologic evaluation revealed highest incidence of OSCC in animals maintained on 10,000 IU diet. Animals on 100 IU and 10,000 IU diets showed higher vitamin D receptor VDR and CYP24A1 immunostaining in high-grade dysplastic lesions and OSCC compared to normal tongue. Validation studies performed in a 4NQO-derived OSCC model showed that short-term treatment of animals on a 25 IU diet with calcitriol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to controls but did not affect tumor growth in animals on reference diet 1000 IU. Collectively, our results highlight the complex dynamics between vitamin D status and oral carcinogenesis. Our observations also suggest that therapeutic benefits of short-term calcitriol treatment may be more pronounced in vitamin D deficient hosts.

C0170: The Impact of Dietary Vitamin K on the Pharmacological Activity of FXa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Man

C0170: The Impact of Dietary Vitamin K on the Pharmacological Activity of FXa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Man

The Impact Of Dietary Vitamin K On The Pharmacological Activity Of FXa Inhibitor, Rivaroxaban, In Man

Introduction/Background Over several decades, warfarin has been used as the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The impact of dietary vitamin K intake on anticoagulation response to warfarin is well established. However, the effect of dietary vitamin K on the activity of the novel oral anticoagulants is less well known. Since the activation of both factor X and thrombin is inextricably linked to the vitamin K cycle in the coagulation cascade, there is the possibility that the pharmacological activity of agents that inhibit these proteins could be influenced by alterations in vitamin K availability. Aim To examine the influence of dietary vitamin K intake on the pharmacological activity of rivaroxaban in man. Methods The pharmacological activity of rivaroxaban was evaluated ex-vivo. Thirty one medically stable elderly inpatients (12 males) with a poor dietary intake in terms of calories and nutrients including vitamin K (12 males) and 28 healthy subjects (7 males) with adequate diets were enrolled into the study. An overnight fasted venous blood sample (20 ml) was taken from each subject. The plasma was stored at -80 degree C for the later measurement of the effects of rivaroxaban on clotting times and clotting factor activity. Each subject completed a validated dietary questionnaire for quantification of vitamin K content of foods eaten in the past week. The plasma samples from each subject were incubated with a range of rivaroxaban concentrations (100 - 500 ng/ml) in order to simulate the therapeutic drug plasma concentrations. Normal prothrombin time (PT), modified prothrombin time (mPT), and vitamin K dependent clotting factors activity were measured according to established in-house methods. Results The mean±SD age of elderly patients and healthy subjects was 87±6 and 36±10 years, respectively. Rivaroxaban produced a greater prolongation of both PT (P=0.01) and m-PT (P=0.02) in the plasma of elderly subjects than the younger healthy subjects over the drug concentration range studied. The mean difference in PT between the two groups ranged from 1.8s to 5.0s at 100 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml plasma rivaroxaban concentrations respectively. The mean difference in m-PT between the two groups ranged from 10.0s to 34.0s at 100 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml plasma rivaroxaban concentrations respectively. There was also a greater inhibition of factor Xa (P=0.005) activity by rivaroxaban in the elderly subjects compared to the healthy subjects, whereas factor IXa (P=0.03) activity was significantly inhibited in the healthy subjects compared to the elderly subjects. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in factors II and VII activity and fibrinogen concentration. The analysis of dietary questionnaires for vitamin K intake and plasma for fasting vitamin K levels is in progress and the results will be presented. Conclusion We have previously demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study in rats that vitamin K deficiency significantly enhanced the pharmacological activity of the prototype DTI, ximelagatran [1]. The present study findings suggest that the anticoagulation response to rivaroxaban may be influenced by poor dietary vitamin K intake. Assessment of whether dietary vitamin K influences anticoagulation response as well as any influence of age, co morbidities and drug intake in patients taking rivaroxaban is warranted. [1] Kamali F, Wood P, Ward A. Vitamin K deficiency amplifies anticoagulation response to ximelagatran: possible implications for direct thrombin inhibitors and their clinical safety. Annals of Hematology 2009; 88:141-149. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Impact of dietary vitamin D on osseointegration in the ovariectomized rat

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the population and associated with impaired peri-implant bone regeneration. Yet, there is a gap in understanding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the process of osseointegration. In this study, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on peri-implant bone regeneration was investigated. Fifty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The depletion group was fed a vitamin D-free diet for 8 weeks. The repletion group received vitamin D-free diet for 6 weeks, before animals were switched to standard diet containing 2400 IU/kg vitamin D. The control group was fed the standard diet. Two titanium mini-implants were placed in the tibia. All groups remained on their previous diet until sacrifice. Blood sample testing and histomorphometric analysis were performed. Vitamin D depletion caused a significant reduction in 25-hydroxvitamin D in rat serum that returned to control levels in the repletion group. This vitamin deficiency was associated with a decrease in bone-to-implant contact in the cortical area, which was leveled to controls in the repletion group. No significant changes by vitamin D depletion were noticed in the medullar compartment. Moreover, also the peri-implant bone area and the mineral apposition rate remained unchanged upon vitamin D depletion. These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency has a negative impact on cortical peri-implant bone formation in ovariectomized rats, which can be compensated by vitamin D supplementation. This study provides first insight into the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in implant dentistry.

The Potential Impact of Dietary Vitamin K Status on Anticoagulation Control in Children Receiving Warfarin

There have been significant advances in pediatric medical care and previously fatal conditions, such as congenital cardiac defects, malignancy, and prematurity, are now being successfully managed but at the expense of a rising incidence of thromboembolic complications [1]. The requirement for anticoagulation to treat thrombotic events, as well as for prophylaxis in at risk patients, is therefore increasing. Warfarin remains the anticoagulant of choice for long-term treatment in children. Maintenance of International Normalized Ratio (INR) within the target range is essential in order to prevent the hemorrhagic complications of overdosing and thrombotic events due to underdosing. Poor anticoagulant control is common in children who are anticoagulated with warfarin and other oral vitamin K antagonists, with around 50% of measured INR values being outside of the desired therapeutic range even when home monitoring with a point-of-care testing device is used [2, 3]. There are numerous reasons for poor oral anticoagulant control in children. These include complex underlying health problems, multiple intercurrent viral illnesses and polypharmacy [4]. The variability of age-related dose-response rates is an additional complexity to the appropriate dosing of warfarin in childhood [2]. Warfarin produces an anticoagulant effect by interfering with the cyclic conversion of vitamin K to its reduced form (vitamin K hydroquinone). The latter is an essential cofactor for the γ -carboxylation of the vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, and X), which promotes their calcium binding and activation in the coagulation cascade [4]. The anticoagulant effect of warfarin can be antagonized by vitamin K. The administration of supraphysiological doses of vitamin K orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously is common practice in the reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin [5].