Impact Of Computer Technology Research Articles

Quest for effective use of computer technology in education: From natural sciences to medicine

AbstractSome of the reasons for relatively low impact of computer technology on university education are discussed. Promising approaches of the CoLoS (Conceptual Learning of Science) consortium 1 to teaching natural sciences are presented. Then some new tools that could further impact the efficiency of teaching in various domains are discussed. Finally the question is raised how to extend the application of computer technology into domains outside of natural sciences. Medical education, which still relies on in‐residence random opportunity training is singled out. An example of training on virtual patients that can be subjected to an unlimited number of critical illnesses is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 116–131, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10046

In Search of the Golden Mean: Impact of Computer Technologies on the Media Planning Course

In Search of the Golden Mean: Impact of Computer Technologies on the Media Planning Course

Planning and implementing a library ergonomics program: case study at Queens College Library, the City University of New York

The impact of computer technology on libraries is changing the face of information services and how these services are delivered. It is significant that human interaction with computers prevails all service‐oriented institutions, especially libraries where circulation, reference, and technical services are fully automated and depend on computers for information access and retrieval via patron files and online public access catalogs. Libraries spend lots of time on implementing and upgrading electronic services and library functions. However, the human factors are generally overlooked. This article will provide a systematic way to address employee safety and health issues in the library through background readings, library ergonomics in literature, current technologies on ergonomic product design and a case study of ergonomics program implementation at Queens College Library, the City University of New York.

Lucretia's View

Lucretia W. McClure is one of the most respected figures in the field of medical librarianship. During an interview, she reminisces about important events and changes in librarians' work, users, and services over the past thirty-five years. She also gives her perspective about the impact of computer technology on reference services. Finally, she urges reference librarians to take action to shape their future.

Technology and the values of a liberal education

Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have legitimate concerns about the impact of computer technology on their budgets, their time, and their institutions. The discipline of computer science, however, is extremely well suited to the values of a classical liberal education: students who study it become intimately acquainted with objectivity, critical thinking, and personal responsibility. As such, computer science and computer technology should be a welcome ally in the battle for the soul of America’s universities. In the long run, they inculcate values and intellectual habits that represent the best in American higher education.

The pitfalls of technology in the classroom

Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have legitimate concerns about the impact of computer technology on their budgets, their time, and their institutions. The discipline of computer science, however, is extremely well suited to the values of a classical liberal education: students who study it become intimately acquainted with objectivity, critical thinking, and personal responsibility. As such, computer science and computer technology should be a welcome ally in the battle for the soul of America's universities. In the long run, they inculcate values and intellectual habits that represent the best in American higher education.

Ethical considerations of the software-dependent organization

Software use offers organizations many benefits, however it also makes the organization vulnerable to the potentially harmful effects which can result from software failure. While much has been written about the direct results of software failure, little examination of its long term consequences has taken place. A basis for such an examination can be found in the body of literature related to ethics. For example, Moor examines issues of computer related ethics based on the nature and impact of computer technology. Other writers such as Jones identify causes and consequences of ethical and unethical behavior within the organization. This short piece uses an ethical perspective to undertake a preliminary examination of software failure and its effects on the organization.

Anatomy of the Introductory Cartography Course Revisited

This paper reports the results of a survey sent to instructors of cartographyin the United States and Canada during the fall of 1995. The intent of the survey was to determine if there was a common consensus among cartography instructors on the content and structure of the introductory course. In addition, the survey was designed to determine the impact of computer technology on the structure of the course. In an effort to identify changes and trends, results of this survey were compared to a similar survey conducted in 1989.

Avionics, systems design and simulation

AbstractThe paper reviews the developments in avionics over the last seventy years, focusing on the impact of computer technology during the last ten years. The development of aircraft navigation systems is described, including present day satellite navigation and terrain reference navigation. The techniques used in aircraft displays are outlined including CRTs and LCDs and covering head up displays, helmet mounted displays and synthetic displays. The systems architecture which forms the basis of modem avionics is described, covering the major aircraft databuses in use including recent developments in integrated modular avionics. Developments in real-time software, which has become a major cost in many programmes, are covered, leading to the techniques used to ensure aircraft reliability, particularly fault tolerant architectures and also safety systems for health monitoring and recent research in ‘pilot associates'. The paper also summarises developments in flight control systems for both civil and military aircraft. The paper concludes with a brief review of future developments in avionics, speculating on the role of pilot in future aircraft.

Nursing-related information and data: what is the role of computers in nursing practice?

This is the final article in a series which examines the impact of computer technology on nursing and nursing practice. In it we briefly explore the concept of informatics and the role of a unified nursing language in data collection and statistical comparisons.

Sentencing, Rationality, and Computer Technology

A number of jurisdictions have recently begun to employ computer technology to provide support for sentencers. This essay reviews these projects and discusses how the use of computers fits into our understanding of sentencing as a decision-making process. While most work on sentencing has been written from a moral philosophical or legal perspective,' this essay examines sentenc- ing2 from a sociological perspective. In order to address the possible impact of computer technology on sentencing, it is necessary to examine sentencing as a decision-making process carried out by social actors in a social setting. There has been very little research in this area. Important empirical studies3 have tried to explain how social psychological factors influence sentencers' decisions. There is also a tradition which identifies disparity in sentencing4 but this work does not explain how disparity is produced by the social practice of sentencing. This essay seeks to map out some more general concepts which help understand sentencing as a social process.

The use and impact of computer technology on political elections

The use and impact of computer technology on political elections

The Impact of Computer Technology on Construction's Future

Abstract: This paper provides summary descriptions of computer‐based technologies that will increasingly affect the execution and efficacy of construction projects. The role these technologies will play is described for each of five project phases: conceptual planning, design and procurement, construction, startup, and operations and maintenance. Implications for the work force brought about by increasing reliance on computer technology are discussed.

The Round Table: The Impact of Computer Technology on the Teaching of English

The Round Table: The Impact of Computer Technology on the Teaching of English

The Round Table: The Impact of Computer Technology on the Teaching of English

The Round Table: The Impact of Computer Technology on the Teaching of English

Book Reviews : Computers, Ethics, and Society

Summary : Two slim volumes surveying all the critical issue of the impact of computer technology on society are directed at the undergraduate student in either social or engineering sciences. The Ermann book has the value of reproducing original articles that provide depth and detail on the topics addressed, whereas the forester volume gives a more coherent feel for the breadth of issues that can arise when examining the social impacts of technology. Both contain useful but out-of-date references. Computer scientists nedd to ponder the ethics of their creations more than they currently do. Ethicists and social scientists generally need to understand high technology. Indeed, all citizens would benefit from anlysing the impact computer and communications technologies are having upon or economy, in our workplaces, and in our interactions. The unconscious becomes conscious as the tools we use reshape the thoughts that place ourselves in our world.

Application of experimental and numerical models to the physics of multiparticle systems

Abstract The complementary use of computer simulations and analogue simulations to explore the physics of multiparticle systems is demonstrated. Applications to problems of current interest (e.g. non-equilibrium pattern formation, granular flow, and the physics of disordered materials) are emphasized. The ability to describe complex systems in quantitative terms using concepts such as fractal geometry and scaling and the development of new theoretical approaches has led to substantial progress during the past ten years, but we still seem quite far from a general theoretical understanding of many of the problems discussed in this review. The impact of computer technology and the ability to manufacture essentially monodisperse polymer microspheres with well controlled properties (such as magnetic moment, charge, size, porosity and density) is illustrated.

Stress reactions to computer‐interactive tasks as a function of task structure and individual differences

The resurgence of interest in occupational stress has resulted in an emphasis on identifying work conditions that are potentially causal in generating stress reactions and psychological disorders among workers. Although a considerable knowledge base related to this topic has evolved, relatively little is known regarding the impact of computer technology on incidence of job stress. This issue is especially important for older workers, given the increased use of computers in most occupations, the aging of the workforce, and the changes in cognitive and physiological capacities that occur with increased age. The study reported in this article was concerned with developing a methodology to evaluate stress for computer‐interactive tasks as a function of the mental workload of the task and the age of the individual. Sixty‐five women ranging in age from 25 to 70 years performed three computer‐interactive tasks that varied as a function of information processing complexity and pacing requirements. The methodology...

Computers and Human Communication in the Organization — A Psychosocial Perspective on the Individual and the Society in Change - Research in Progress

The main purpose is to analyze the impact of computer technology and teletechnology on communication from a psychosocial perspective, with an emphasis on the interaction between people. A new infrastructure concerning communication is emerging on the society level and on the company level at the same time as computer use becomes more wiedespread in the private lives of families. The research problems concern analyzes of the structure of communication its quality, causal relations and long term effects. A crossdisciplinary approach is used and the research is performed through two types of intensive studies.

Computer-using teachers in a new decade

Has the impact of computer technology in education altered the education teachers need in order to be computer-using teachers? Are teachers being prepared for the decade of the ′90s using the technology of the ′80s to meet the goals/needs of the ′80s? The Northwest Council for Computer Education and Oregon State University funded a project to develop guideline competencies for teacher preparation programs. Separate sets of competencies were developed for elementary, middle school and high school teachers, for elementary, middle school and high school computer teachers and for elementary, middle school and high school curriculum coordinators. A comparison of these competencies with a similar set developed in 1983 suggests recommendations for changes in preservice and inservice teacher preparation programs. More importantly, the competencies call for major revisions in the curriculum and for teachers who can develop and teach the revised curriculum utilizing computer technology.