Impact Of Antioxidant Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Graves’ Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Objective. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of antithyroid drugs combined with antioxidant supplementation represented by selenium in the treatment of Graves’ disease. Methods. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library databases, and the Chinese Medical Association. The search was conducted from the time of library construction to December 20, 2022. Three writers gradually examined, evaluated, and graded the literature and then used RevMan 5.3 to analyze the data and develop conclusions. Results. A total of seven papers were screened according to the search requirements. The results showed that free triiodothyronine (FT3) (WMD = −2.29, 95% CI: −3.55 to −1.02, P = 0.0004 ), free thyroxine (FT4) (WMD = −0.62, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.18, P = 0.0005 ), thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) (WMD = −1.31, 95% CI: −1.63 to −0.99, P < 0.00001 ), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) (WMD = −9.8, 95% CI: −16.57 to −3.03, P = 0.005 ) in the observation group (selenium supplementation combined with antithyroid drugs) were significantly lower than those in the control group (antithyroid drugs combined with or without placebo). In addition, selenium supplementation can increase serum selenium (WMD = 33.29, 95% CI: 30.7 to 35.87, P < 0.00001 ), selenoprotein levels (WMD = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.8, P < 0.00001 ), and blood lipid levels (WMD = 32.3, 95% CI: 17.87 to 46.74, P < 0.0001 ). It cannot be excluded that the process of selenium supplementation treatment will affect the patient’s lipid levels. Conclusion. Selenium is a trace mineral that is crucial for human health. In patients with Graves’ disease, the use of antithyroid medications along with selenium supplementation can considerably enhance thyroid function. It has the potential to drastically lower TPOAb and TRAb levels as well as FT3 and FT4 levels, which is crucial for the treatment, recovery, and prognosis of hyperthyroid patients. Further research is required to determine whether the impact of antioxidant supplementation on blood lipids will restrict the use of this medication.

Antioxidants Promote Intestinal Tumor Progression in Mice.

Dietary antioxidants and supplements are widely used to protect against cancer, even though it is now clear that antioxidants can promote tumor progression by helping cancer cells to overcome barriers of oxidative stress. Although recent studies have, in great detail, explored the role of antioxidants in lung and skin tumors driven by RAS and RAF mutations, little is known about the impact of antioxidant supplementation on other cancers, including Wnt-driven tumors originating from the gut. Here, we show that supplementation with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E promotes intestinal tumor progression in the ApcMin mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary form of colorectal cancer, driven by Wnt signaling. Both antioxidants increased tumor size in early neoplasias and tumor grades in more advanced lesions without any impact on tumor initiation. Importantly, NAC treatment accelerated tumor progression at plasma concentrations comparable to those obtained in human subjects after prescription doses of the drug. These results demonstrate that antioxidants play an important role in the progression of intestinal tumors, which may have implications for patients with or predisposed to colorectal cancer.

The Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation and Heat Stress on Carcass Characteristics, Muscle Nutritional Profile and Functionality of Lamb Meat.

The impact of antioxidant supplementation and short-term heat stress on lamb body weight gain, meat nutritional profile and functionality (storage stability of lipids and colour) of lamb meat was investigated. A total of 48 crossbred ((Merino × Border Leicester) × Dorset) lambs (42 ± 2 kg body weight, 7 mo age) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments (n = 16) by liveweight (LW) that differed in dosage of vitamin E and selenium (Se) in the diet. Vitamin E and Se levels in the control (CON), moderate (MOD) and supranutritional (SUP) dietary treatments were 28, 130 and 228 mg/kg DM as α-tocopherol acetate and 0.16, 0.66 and 1.16 mg Se as SelPlex™/kg DM, respectively. After four weeks of feeding in individual pens, including one week of adaptation, lambs were exposed to two heat treatments. Animals were moved to metabolism cages for one week and subjected to heat treatments: thermoneutral (TN; 18-21 °C and 40-50% relative humidity) and heat stress (HS; 28-40 °C and 30-40% relative humidity) conditions, respectively. Final LW and hot carcass weight were influenced by dietary treatments with higher final live weight (FLW) (p = 0.05; 46.8 vs. 44.4 and 43.8 kg, respectively) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (p = 0.01; 22.5 vs. 21.3 and 21.0 kg, respectively) recorded in lambs fed the SUP as opposed to the CON and MOD diets. Vitamin E concentration in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle tended to be higher in lambs fed MOD or SUP diets than the CON group. Lipid oxidation of aged meat at 72 h of simulated retail display was reduced by antioxidant supplementation. Short-term (one week) heat stress treatment significantly increased muscle linoleic acid and total omega-6 concentrations compared with the CON group. The results demonstrate that four-week antioxidant supplementation at the SUP level improved animal productivity by increasing LW and carcass weight and the functionality of meat exhibited by reduced lipid oxidation. An increase in muscle omega-6 fatty acid concentration from short-term heat stress may induce oxidative stress via proinflammatory action.

Impact of antioxidant supplementation on plasma thiols and the muscle proteome in Thoroughbred horses

Impact of antioxidant supplementation on plasma thiols and the muscle proteome in Thoroughbred horses

Impact of antioxidants supplementation on growth, yield and quality traits of canola (Brassica napus L.) under irrigation intervals in north nile delta of Egypt

Impact of antioxidants supplementation on growth, yield and quality traits of canola (Brassica napus L.) under irrigation intervals in north nile delta of Egypt

Protective effects of anti-oxidant supplementations on contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.

This systematic review with meta-analysis sought to determine the strength of evidence for effects of antioxidants (AO) such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), vitamin C, vitamin E, and alpha-lipoic acid on the incidence of contrast-in-duced nephropathy (CIN), requirement for haemodialysis, level of serum creatinine, and mortality after coronary angiography. After Medline, Embase, Elsevier, Sciences online database, and Google Scholar literature searches, studies with randomised controlled design were selected for the meta-analysis. The effect sizes measured were odds ratio (OR) for categorical variables and standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for calculating differences between mean changes of serum creatinine in intervention and control groups. A value of p < 0.1 for Q test or I2 > 50% indicated significant heterogeneity between the studies. Literature search of all major databases retrieved 2350 studies. After screening, a total of 49 trials were identified that reported outcomes. Pooled treatment effect analysis revealed that NAC (OR of 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.9; p = 0.000), vitamin C (0.63; 95% CI 0.45-0.89; p = 0.000), and vitamin E (OR of 0.5; 95% CI 0.27-0.92; p = 0.026) could significantly reduce the incidence of CIN. NAC (SMD of -0.119; 95% CI -0.191 - 0.046; p = 0.000), but not vitamin C (SMD of -0.08; 95% CI -0.22-0.04; p = 0.1) and vitamin E (-0.25; 95% CI -0.46-0.05; p = 0.1), could significantly reduce mean levels of serum creatinine. Nevertheless, AO could not reduce the incidence of mortality, with an OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.69-1.28; p = 0.7). Overall, antioxidants such as NAC, vitamin C, and vitamin E can reduce the incidence of CIN, while only NAC might be able to significantly lower serum creatinine levels. There is no impact of AO supplementation on mortality.

Storage Stability of Carotenoids in Paprika from Conventional, Organic and Frost-Damaged Spice Red Peppers as Influenced by Illumination and Antioxidant Supplementation

Response of natural colorants in paprika from conventional, organic and frost-damaged spice peppers to illumination of 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 lux was studied. The impact of antioxidant supplementation on color retention in such products was also aimed. During 12 months of storage in the dark, the paprika from conventional, organic and frost-damaged peppers lost 60.2, 99.7 and 79.3 ASTA units, respectively. The tocopherol supplementation retarded carotenoid degradation by 28, 32 and 40% in paprika from conventional, organic and frost-damaged peppers, respectively, when stored in the dark. The color retained after 1 month of storage with 2,000 lux illumination was 1.14, 1.33 and 1.56 times higher in supplemented than in nonsupplemented paprika from conventional, organic and frost-damaged peppers, respectively. The magnitude of prevention by antioxidant supplementation increased to 48, 47 and 56%, respectively, when the paprika samples were stored under 6,000 lux illumination. The kinetics study on the effect of fluorescent light on ASTA color loss estimated the apparent zero-order reaction, rate constants and predicted half-life times. Practical Applications Spice paprika is widely used as a source of intensive natural colorants including bioactive compounds that make the product of nutritional importance too. So, it is of special interest from the production, processing and marketing points of view to minimize the loss of carotenoids during storage at ambient conditions. Supplementation with additional antioxidants can increase, to a high extent, the stability of carotenoids toward light-induced degradation and, thereby, can assist in keeping the high quality of stored spice paprika in the markets. Also, improving the storage stability of colorants in organic and frost-damaged paprika is of great economic benefit for producers and technologist.

Effects of oxidative stress during human and animal reproductions

Given its high ability to damage important cellular components (lipids, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid), oxidative stress is now recognized as one of the most common mechanisms associated with development of a variety of diseases and natural events such as pregnancy. During reproduction period, there is a change in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance due to the body and circulation modifications that are inherent to the pregnancy process. The present paper discusses the role of oxidative stress on the reproduction process. More effective defense strategies are needed to decrease the deleterious effects of oxidative-stress-induced gestation. This approach could be achieved by antioxidant status alteration. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed for better understanding of oxidative stress mechanism and the impact of antioxidant supplementation on reproduction.

Effects of oxidative stress during human and animal reproductions: A review

ABSTRACTGiven its high ability to damage important cellular components (lipids, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid), oxidative stress is now recognized as one of the most common mechanisms associated with development of a variety of diseases and natural events such as pregnancy. During reproduction period, there is a change in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance due to the body and circulation modifications that are inherent to the pregnancy process. The present paper discusses the role of oxidative stress on the reproduction process. More effective defense strategies are needed to decrease the deleterious effects of oxidative-stress-induced gestation. This approach could be achieved by antioxidant status alteration. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed for better understanding of oxidative stress mechanism and the impact of antioxidant supplementation on reproduction.

The role of oxidative, inflammatory and neuroendocrinological systems during exercise stress in athletes: implications of antioxidant supplementation on physiological adaptation during intensified physical training.

During periods of intensified physical training, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release may exceed the protective capacity of the antioxidant system and lead to dysregulation within the inflammatory and neuroendocrinological systems. Consequently, the efficacy of exogenous antioxidant supplementation to maintain the oxidative balance in states of exercise stress has been widely investigated. The aim of this review was to (1) collate the findings of prior research on the effect of intensive physical training on oxidant-antioxidant balance; (2) summarise the influence of antioxidant supplementation on the reduction-oxidation signalling pathways involved in physiological adaptation; and (3) provide a synopsis on the interactions between the oxidative, inflammatory and neuroendocrinological response to exercise stimuli. Based on prior research, it is evident that ROS are an underlying aetiology in the adaptive process; however, the impact of antioxidant supplementation on physiological adaptation remains unclear. Equivocal results have been reported on the impact of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced gene expression. Further research is required to establish whether the interference of antioxidant supplementation consistently observed in animal-based and in vivo research extends to a practical sports setting. Moreover, the varied results reported within the literature may be due to the hormetic response of oxidative, inflammatory and neuroendocrinological systems to an exercise stimulus. The collective findings suggest that intensified physical training places substantial stress on the body, which can manifest as an adaptive or maladaptive physiological response. Additional research is required to determine the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation to minimise exercise-stress during intensive training and promote an adaptive state.

The impact of antioxidant supplementation on clinical outcomes in the critically ill: A meta-analysis

Background. Critical illness is associated with increased oxidative stress that can influence outcome. Many studies have investigated the effects of exogenous antioxidant supplementation, without showing significance owing to the small patient populations. Methodology. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the English literature was performed to determine the effect of antioxidant micronutrient supplementation on clinically important outcomes in the critically ill. Pubmed, Google Scholar and Science Direct electronic databases were searched for papers published between January 1990 and June 2010. Selection criteria. Randomised controlled trials were selected for inclusion if they investigated the effects of antioxidant supplementation in the critically ill and reported on clinically significant endpoints. Data collection and analysis. The data were analysed using a random effects model in Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 2 (Biostat, USA) to obtain the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical significance of p <0.05. Results. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Selenium supplementation was associated with a trend towards decreased mortality (OR=0.717, p =0.106, CI 0.48 - 1.07). Mixed antioxidant supplementation was associated with reduced hospital length of stay (OR= 0.710, p =0.002, CI 0.57 - 0.83), reduced infectious complications (OR=0.494, p =0.024, CI 0.28 - 0.98) and reduced mechanical ventilation (OR=0.259, p =0.023, CI 0.08 - 0.83). Conclusion. A combination of antioxidant micronutrients might be associated with improved clinical outcome in the critically ill.

Crossing Barriers From blood-to-brain and academia-to-industry

Crossing Barriers From blood-to-brain and academia-to-industry

Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: A systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials

Much debate has focused on whether antioxidants interfere with the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to systematically review the randomized, controlled clinical trial evidence evaluating the effects of concurrent use of antioxidants with chemotherapy on toxic side effects. We performed a search of literature from 1966-October 2007 using MEDLINE, Cochrane, CinAhl, AMED, AltHealthWatch and EMBASE databases. Randomized, controlled clinical trials reporting antioxidant-based mitigation of chemotherapy toxicity were included in the final tally. Searches were performed following a standardized protocol for systematic reviews. Only 33 of 965 articles considered, including 2,446 subjects, met the inclusion criteria. Antioxidants evaluated were: glutathione (11), melatonin (7), vitamin A (1), an antioxidant mixture (2), N-acetylcysteine (2), vitamin E (5), selenium (2), L-carnitine (1), Co-Q10 (1) and ellagic acid (1). The majority (24) of the 33 studies included reported evidence of decreased toxicities from the concurrent use of antioxidants with chemotherapy. Nine studies reported no difference in toxicities between the 2 groups. Only 1 study (vitamin A) reported a significant increase in toxicity in the antioxidant group. Five studies reported the antioxidant group completed more full doses of chemotherapy or had less-dose reduction than control groups. Statistical power and poor study quality were concerns with some studies. This review provides the first systematically reviewed evidence that antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy holds potential for reducing dose-limiting toxicities. However, well-designed studies evaluating larger populations of patients given specific antioxidants defined by dose and schedule relative to chemotherapy are warranted.

Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stress in cataract patients

To determine the relationship between oxidative stress and eye disease, and the impact of antioxidant supplementation, forty subjects (50–70 y, F25, M15) were enrolled in a double blinded randomized study. Subjects were randomized to receive either 1) lutein (12 mg) or 2) lutein (12 mg) + green tea extract (200 mg) for 16 wks, and underwent eye examinations before (wk 0) and after supplementation (wk 16). Lutein is present in human lens and macula. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12 &amp; 16 wks and analyzed for antioxidants by HPLC systems, total antioxidant performance by fluorometry, malondialdehyde by an HPLC with a fluorescent detector, 8‐iso‐prostaglandin‐F2α &amp; total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE) by a GC‐MS. Twenty seven subjects (F17, M10) were determined to have cataract at wk 0. In these subjects, tHODE level was significantly higher than the healthy subjects (P&lt;0.05) at wk 0. Lutein supplementation resulted in a significant increase in plasma lutein in cataract patients as early as wk 4 &amp; throughout the study period without any significant change in other antioxidants or oxidative stress biomarkers. Our data suggest that cataract patients were under high oxidative stress and their plasma lutein concentration can be significantly increased by a daily dose of 12 mg lutein, which did not affect overall antioxidant capacity/oxidative status in plasma. (Supported by NEI R03EY015674 &amp; USDA #581950‐7‐707)

Antioxidant status and risk of cancer in the SU.VI.MAX study: is the effect of supplementation dependent on baseline levels?

The SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study, a randomised double-blind, primary-prevention trial showed that after 7.5 years, low-dose antioxidant supplementation lowered the total cancer incidence in men, but not in women. To explain this difference in the impact of antioxidant supplementation in men and women, we hypothesised that the effect of supplementation is dependent on initial antioxidant status; 12 741 French adults (7713 females aged 35--60 years; 5028 males aged 45--60 years) received daily antioxidant supplementation (120 mg vitamin C, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg beta-carotene, 100 microg Se, 20 mg Zn daily) or a matching placebo. Cut-off limits for baseline serum concentrations of the different antioxidant vitamins and minerals were defined as follows for both men and women: 0.3 micromol/l for beta-carotene, 11.4 micromol/l for vitamin C, 15 micromol/l for vitamin E, 0.75 micromol/l for Se and 10.7 micromol/l for Zn. The percentage of men with serum concentrations under cut-off limits was higher for vitamins C and E and beta-carotene in those who developed a cancer than in those who did not. The risk of cancer was higher in men with baseline concentrations of serum vitamin C or vitamin E under cut-off limits, but not in women. The effect of supplementation was greater in men with baseline serum concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene below the cut-off limits compared with those above it. This effect was maintained only for vitamin E after adjustment for age, tobacco, and alcohol consumption and BMI. No effect of supplementation could be seen in women. Baseline antioxidant status is related to the risk of cancer in men but not in women and therefore does not entirely explain the differences observed in the effect of antioxidant supplementation on cancer risk between sexes in the SU.VI.MAX study.