Immunoturbidimetric Method Research Articles

Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in patients with musculoskeletal cancer

Background and objectives: surgical site infections (SSI) continue to be a major concern in orthopedic oncology and pose as great a challenge as cancer recurrence, despite the preventive potential of surgery. SSI can be avoided if evidence-based measures are taken. The objective was to assess the frequency of infections in oncological orthopedic surgeries and associated risk factors and inflammatory markers in a reference hospital in the state of Pernambuco. Methods: the frequency of SSI, the identification of isolated microorganisms, the risk factors and the profile of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-Ƴ) in patients with musculoskeletal cancer were analyzed. Results: SSI were found in 9.1% of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Bivariate analysis revealed that a surgical team comprising more than five members (p=0.041) and the need for intraoperative transfusion (p=0.012) were correlated with a higher risk of SSI. The measurement of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein levels to assess the inflammatory response after SSI showed results that were superior to the reference values for each sample, ranging from >5 to >200mg/dl by the immunoturbidimetric method. Of the IL-2, INFγ and TNF (Th1) and IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2) levels, only interleukin 6 showed high levels, between 6.68 and 58.76 pg/mL. Conclusion: the study found that surgical team with five or more members and blood transfusion were factors associated with the development of SSI in orthopedic surgery in patients with musculoskeletal cancer. Among the inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed the highest correlation with the outcome.

Assessment of stability of HbA1c levels in human whole blood samples using immunoassays

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in whole blood samples are commonly used to diagnose diabetes and monitor the effectiveness of glycemic control. However, there have not been many studies evaluating changes in HbA1c concentration under different storage conditions and analytical methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of %HbA1c stored at different temperature conditions using immunoassays in order to improve the quality of HbA1c test. Whole blood samples collected from 10 healthy volunteers were anticoagulated with K2 EDTA and stored at the following temperatures: 20-25 °C, 2-8 °C, and -20 °C. %HbA1c in human whole blood samples at each time point was determined simultaneously on Standard F Analyzer (%HbA1c-S) with reagent kit based on a reflectometry and immunoassay technology, and Erba XL640 system (%HbA1c-E) used immunoturbidimetric method, respectively. %HbA1c was assessed as stable when the difference in HbA1c level at the later time point was not statistically significant (p >0.05) compared with baseline (T0). Results showed that a positive correlation between %HbA1c-S and %HbA1c-E at T0 (r=0.9996) was observed at room temperature. %HbA1c-S was stabilized for 24 hours at 20-25 °C, for 2 days at 2-8°C and for more than 1 month at -20 °C. %HbA1c-E was stable for 12 hours at 20-25°C; less than 1 day at 2-8°C, and less than 1 month at -20°C. In conclusion, human whole blood samples for HbA1c determination can be stored for up to 1 month at -20°C.

Lipid Profile, Renal Function Tests and Inflammatory Markers in Algerian Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Several studies show the relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and the appearance of macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy. The major objective of this study was to investigate the serum lipids, renal function tests and inflammatory markersin type 2 diabetes patients. The study lasted eight years between Feb-2013 and Mar-2021 (Mascara, Algeria). Overall,197 patients and 197 controls were selected during general medicine examinations; enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric colorimetric methods were used to determine the serum levels offasting glycaemia, total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, urea, acid uric, albumin and creatinine, C protein reactive; the glomerular filtration rate is calculated according to the MDRD equation; the glycatedhaemoglobin levels were determined by an ion-exchange resin separation method. Patients had 2.44 times higher fasting glycaemia, 1.71 times higher HbA1c, 1.23 times higher body mass index, 1.30 times higher waist circumference and 1.25times higher systolic blood pressure than control subjects; the findings of the present study also indicate that a significant differences between patients and controls were observed regarding triglycerides (P=0.008), LDL-cholesterol (P=0.011), HDL-cholesterol (P=0.009), urea (P=0.013), uric acid (P=0.015), creatinine (P=0.007), glomerular filtration rate (P=0.006), albumin (P=0.018), fibrinogen (P=0.023) and C protein reactive (P=0.019). All this metabolic disordercould facilitate the appearance of serious complications in future.

The association of apolipoprotein B with chronic kidney disease in the Chinese population.

Whether serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a risk factor for the development of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been fully established in the general population. Therefore, our study evaluated the correlation between serum ApoB level and CKD to look for an alternative approach for CKD prevention and treatment in the general population. There were 146,533 participants in this cross-sectional study. 3,325 participants with more than 2 measurements were enrolled in the retrospective longitudinal study with at least a 3-year follow-up. ApoB was measured by the immunoturbidimetric method in 6 centers. Our study defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Random Forest algorithm were applied to rank the importance of variables determining the levels of eGFR. We used the logistic regression model to explain the correlation between serum ApoB and CKD. We used the Cox model to detect the correlation between baseline serum ApoB and the subsequent occurrence of CKD. Based on a cross-sectional study, 66.5% of the participants were males, with a median age of 49 (interquartile range [IQR] 43-55). Compared to the non-CKD group, the CKD group has higher levels of lipid profile and fasting glucose as well as the proportion of hypertension and hyperuricemia. The Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Random Forest algorithm revealed that ApoB has the highest correlation with eGFR decline among lipid profiles. The logistic regression analysis revealed that ApoB had a positive correlation with the prevalence of CKD after fully controlling confounders (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.11). Moreover, baseline ApoB level was correlated with a new-onset CKD in the longitudinal cohort after full adjustment for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02-2.54). The correlation between ApoB level and the new-onset CKD was consistently observed in all sensitivity analyses. Serum ApoB had the strongest correlation with CKD among all lipid variables. Moreover, high serum ApoB levels might precede the occurrence of CKD, suggesting that monitoring and reducing serum ApoB levels may provide an alternative method to prevent and treat CKD.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATION OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Liver cirrhosis continues to be an acute problem of modern medicine due to the high rates of its prevalence and mortality. The high mortality rate is caused by the development of the number of life–threatening complications in decompensated forms of liver cirrhosis – hepatorenal syndrome, infections and varicose bleeding. Hepatorenal syndrome and infections are the result of immunological shifts occurring during decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Currently available literature data do not allow us to create a complete picture of the functional state of various links of adaptive immunity with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The aim of the research was to study the characteristic features of adaptive immunity in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. The prospective cohort study included 136 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, who received inpatient treatment in the hepatological department of the multidisciplinary hospital. The cohort of examined patients was divided into two groups, one of which included patients with liver cirrhosis of viral origin (n = 78), the other – patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 58). In addition to the generally accepted standard methods, the patient examination program included immunological tests: identification of T- and B-lymphocytes, immunoregulatory and activated subpopulations of T-lymphocytes by the method of immunophenotyping peripheral blood mononuclear cells using monoclonal antibodies. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, IgA, circulating immune complexes were determined by immunoturbidimetric method. Results. The study of indicators of the humoral link of adaptive immunity revealed an increase in the number of B cells, an increase in IgM, IgG, IgA and circulating immune complexes in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The cellular link of adaptive immunity was characterized by an increase in the relative content of T helper cells, activated T cells against the background of a decrease in the number of immature T cells and T regulatory cells. Conclusions. The distinctive features of adaptive immunity in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis are simultaneous activation of both humoral and cellular components, which, apparently, supports the systemic inflammatory process and the associated progressive liver fibrosis.

Asupan vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, BCAA dan kaitannya dengan kadar hs-CRP pada member fitness center dewasa

Excessive physical exercise can stimulate proinflammatory cytokines expressions and increases high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP). Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) and vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidant mechanisms to reduce oxidative stress. This study analyzes the correlation between vitamin A, C, E, and BCAA intake with hs-CRP. The study design was cross-sectional, which was conducted in Semarang. Participants were 48 men aged 20-43 years. Sampling used consecutive sampling. Data were collected using food recall 3x24h to assess dietary intake and laboratory tests using the Immunoturbidimetric method to determine hs-CRP levels. Data were statistically analyzed using Spearman-Rank and multiple linear regression. The result showed that the subject with high-risk categories of hs-CRP was 18,8%. The intake of BCAA was 10,8% from supplements. Most subjects had an excessive intake of vitamin A but did not meet the needs of vitamins C and E. There was no correlation between BCAA intake (p= 0,681) and vitamin C intake (p= 0,137) with hs-CRP levels. However, there was a negative correlation between vitamin A (p= 0,003) and vitamin E (p= 0,013) intake with hs-CRP levels. Multivariate analysis showed that the intake of vitamin A associated with hs-CRP levels of 8,1% (p= 0,028). In conclusion, vitamin A intake is the most influential factor in hs-CRP levels in fitness center members.

Serum hsCRP in early pregnancy and preterm delivery in twin gestations: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundSystemic inflammation during pregnancy may be associated with preterm delivery (PTD), but data for twin gestations are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the association of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation, in early pregnancy of twin gestations with risk of PTD, including spontaneous (sPTD) and medical-induced preterm delivery (mPTD).MethodsA prospective cohort study involved 618 twin gestations was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, from 2017 to 2020. Serum samples collected in early pregnancy were analyzed for hsCRP using particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. Unadjusted and adjusted geometric means (GM) of hsCRP were estimated using linear regression, and compared between PTD before 37 weeks of gestation and term delivery at 37 or more weeks of gestation using Mann–Whitney rank sum test. The association between hsCRP tertiles and PTDs was estimated using logistic regression, and further converted overestimated odds ratios into relative risks (RR).ResultsA total of 302 (48.87%) women were classified as PTD, with 166 sPTD and 136 mPTD. The adjusted GM of serum hsCRP was higher in PTDs (2.13 mg/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.09 –2.16) compared to term deliveries (1.84 mg/L, 95% CI 1.80 –1.88) (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest tertile of hsCRP, the highest tertile was associated with increased risk of PTD (adjusted relative risks [ARR] 1.42; 95% CI: 1.08–1.78). Among twin pregnancies, the adjusted association between high values of serum hsCRP in early pregnancy and preterm delivery was only observed in the subgroup of spontaneous preterm deliveries (ARR 1.49, 95%CI:1.08–1.93).ConclusionsElevated hsCRP in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of PTD, particular the risk of sPTD in twin gestations.

Expression of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p and miRNA-3147 in diabetic kidney disease and their association with inflammation and fibrosis

Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it is particularly important to identify a high-quality method for evaluating disease progression. Urinary exosomes contain microRNA that might promise early diagnostic and monitoring markers of DKD. The present study aimed to identify novel exosome-related markers associated with inflammation and fibrosis to assess the progression of DKD. Method Exosomes were extracted from the urine of 83 participants to determine the expression levels of miRNA-615-3p and miRNA-3147 in 20 healthy people, 21 patients with T2DM and 42 patients with DKD, as determined by RT-qPCR. The circulating expression level of TGF-β1 was detected by ELISA. Serum Cystatin C was measured by a latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. The correlation analyses were performed for all clinical and laboratory parameters. Result The expression level of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p in DKD patients was significantly higher than that in the control group and the T2DM group by RT-qPCR. The expression of miRNA-3147 showed an upward trend in the three groups of subjects, but it was not statistically significant. The urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p was positively correlated with serum Cystatin C, plasma TGF-β1, creatinine, BUN, PCR and 24-h urine protein, and negatively correlated with eGFR and albumin. The diagnostic efficacy of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p combined with the ACR was higher than that of ACR alone. Conclusions Urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p may be used as a novel biomarker for evaluating the progression of DKD, and may be involved in the process of inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. The combined diagnosis of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p and ACR may be used as more stable and sensitive diagnostic criteria for DKD.

Correlation between Lipid Accumulation Product with Fasting Blood Glucose and CRP in Obese Females

Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. Central obesity, represented by an increase in Waist Circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio, is a predictor for obesity-related metabolic disorders and has replaced BMI to determine the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Lipid accumulation product calculated from WC and fasting triglyceride concentration is presumed to be an alternative to measure excessive lipid accumulation and a marker to predict diabetes or cardiovascular risk. Lipid accumulation product is related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome and is preferable to BMI to identify diseases. It has been established that obesity and increased visceral adipocytes contribute to increased levels of some inflammatory proteins such as CRP. This study aimed to determine the correlation between LAP with FBG and CRP in obese females. This cross-sectional study involved female with obesity aged 35-50 years at Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, carried out from February to May 2021. Lipid accumulation product was calculated using LAP=(WC[cm]–58)í—(TG[mmol/L]), TG and FBG levels were measured with the colorimetric enzymatic method, and CRP levels were analyzed with an immunoturbidimetric method using the chemical analyzer. The correlation between variables was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests (p &lt;0.05). CRP and FBG average levels were 3.546±2.6554 mg/dL and 83.1±11.363 mg/dL, respectively. There was a weak positive correlation between LAP with FBG (p=0.033; r=0.262) and LAP with CRP (p=0.04; r=0.251). Therefore, lipid accumulation products might influence FBG and CRP levels in the obese population

Associations between serum levels of C3, C4, and total classical complement activity in COVID-19 patients at the time of admission and clinical outcome

In the present study, we investigated the association between complement system status at the time of admission and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This single-center study was carried out with sixty-one adult patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Imam Hassan Hospital of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (Bojnurd, Iran) with less than three days passage since onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Twenty-three healthy volunteers with demographic features similar to the patient group (matched by age and gender) were included in the study as a control group. Patient information including demographic information, demographic data, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records. Of 61 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 28 (47.54%) were female, and the average age was 48.78.8 years. The healthy control group included 23 cases (11 (47.8%) female, 12 (52.1%) males, mean age 46.44.4 years). Twenty-one of the 61 patients (34.4%) were admitted to the ICU, and sixteen of them (26.2%) died. Thirty-three (54.10%) patients with COVID-19 were hospitalized for less than 7 days, and 28 (45.90%) of them were hospitalized for 7 days. Our results show that length of hospital stay in the no-ICU group was significantly lower than the ICU admission or death groups (6.490.24 vs. 8.851.59 and 10.531.80, p = 0.0002). The levels of C3, C4, and CH50 were determined through the immunoturbidimetric method and single-radial-haemolysis plates, respectively, on serum samples obtained from patients at the time of admission or those in the control group. Our results indicate that C3, C4 and CH50 levels were markedly lower in COVID-19 patients than in the control group. We also found that complement parameter levels in COVID-19 patients who died or were admitted to ICU were significantly lower than in non-ICU COVID-19 patients. In general, it seems that serum level of C3, C4, and CH50 at admission may predict disease progression or adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients.

A Comparison of the Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein Levels and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia, First-Episode Psychosis, and Healthy Controls.

There are several hypotheses on what causes schizophrenia, some of which include inflammatory responses. Additionally, it might be challenging to control and treat cognitive abnormalities, which represent the primary symptoms, and may be related to inflammation. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between C-reactive protein levels and cognitive abilities by assessing neuropsychological tests of drug-free patients with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. The patient group consisted of 36 patients with schizophrenia or "first-episode psychosis," while the control group comprised 31 healthy people. The control group consisted of healthy participants without any medical or psychiatric diseases. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 axis I disorders was applied for diagnosis, while Wisconsin card sorting test, Stroop color and word test, trail making tests, Rey auditory verbal learning test, and digit span test were applied for cognitive assessment of both groups. Clinical characteristics of patients were evaluated by using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. The patient group and healthy control group were evaluated in terms of inflammation levels. The C-reactive protein levels were measured, and their relationship with cognitive status was examined. The serum samples were analyzed by the immunoturbidimetric method in C-reactive protein C8000 Architect (Abbott, Ill, USA) to measure the C-reactive protein levels. C-reactive protein levels were found to be higher in the patient group (P = .003), while the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms scores were found to be positively correlated with C-reactive protein levels. Cognitive functions in the patient group were significantly lower compared to the healthy group. There was a statistically weak correlation between C-reactive protein and the number of word color reading errors in the Stroop test, which was associated with complex and frontal attention; however, no correlation was found with digit span test, Rey auditory verbal learning test, or Wisconsin card sorting test points. Elevated peripheral levels of C-reactive protein are associated with poorer cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia, particularly, complex attention associated with the Stroop test. Inflammation may have an impact on cognitive impairment in psychosis.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of cardiovascular events

Background: Development of high sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) assays has improved the role of this acute phase reactant in predicting the first cardiovascular events. Hs-CRP levels partially reflect the extent of myocardial necrosis and can be used to predict in hospital and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to study and correlate increased level of Hs-CRP with various traditional risk factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities and to establish increased level of Hs-CRP as an independent marker for cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: A 100 patients’ prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care center with traditional risk factors and existing cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of Hs-CRP levels were done with immunoturbidimetric methods with statistical correlation. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results: In total 100 patients, 67 patients had Hs-CRP value more than 3 mg/L where-as 33 patients had Hs-CRP value &lt;3 mg/L, 32% of patients belonged to age group 51–60 years and majority 78% were male. Among all the individual life style parameters and traditional risk factor which were considered, five parameters, namely, sedentary life style, smoking, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and electrocardiogram changes were proved statistically significant and correlation between elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein and cardiovascular disease was proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Hs-CRP is independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and positive correlation was established between elevated level of Hs-CRP and major traditional risk factors such as sedentary life style, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

Adiponectin as anti-inflammatory marker in developmen of allergic asthma

Factors that could contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma in obese include low-grade inflammation, impaired metabolism and dysfunctional adipose tissue secretion. Because аdiponectin (ADPN) is involved in the mechanisms of asthma inflammation, the aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between ADPN as inflammatory marker for obesity, with other inflammatory cytokines that have synergistic effect in intensity of airway inflammation in obesity. Methods implemented were immunoassay technique and immunoturbidimetric method. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. A total of 90 practically healthy subject and patients with asthma from 20 to 25 years old were evaluated and divided into two subjects using BMI classification. Based on the mean value of IL-6 and CRP in studied population (p&lt;0.01), IL-6 can be considered as surrogate marker for obesity and CRP for obesity and asthma. The differences in ADPN (p&lt;0.01) between groups show that ADPN produced and released by adipose tissue might be responsible for chronic inflammation related to obesity. Based on the obtained data for positive correlation of IL-6 (r = 0.470) and CRP (r = 0.660) with BMI, adipose tissue could be a dynamic factor for producing inflammatory markers. Negative correlation of ADPN and BMI (r = -0.481) shows that obesity may be a contributor to allergic asthma, because adiponectin as anti-inflammatory protein is decreased. Our study showed that ADPN as early anti-inflammatory marker has the potential to reduce allergy sensitization and CRP and IL-6 have synergistic effect in the intensity of airway inflammation in obesity. Key words: adiponectin, obesity, asthma, inflammatory markers, CRP, IL-6

Biochemical profile of Bence-Jones type multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor occurring from plasma cells that produce an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin - a paraprotein. A distinctive feature of Bence-Jones myeloma is the excretion of monoclonal free light chains of immunoglobulins with 24h urine, and the absence of monoclonal intact immunoglobulins secretion. Comprehensive analysis of biochemical parameters in blood serum and 24h urine in patients with Bence-Jones multiple myeloma using electrophoretic and immunoturbidimetric methods to assess their sensitivity as biomarkers. 50 patients with a morphologically confirmed diagnosis of MM of the Bence-Jones immunochemical type were examined. 28 people without oncological diseases were examinedas a control. Detection of monoclonal secretion in blood serum and daily urine was performed by immunofixation electrophoresis on the Hydrasys 2 electrophoretic system (Sebia). The determination of free light chains of immunoglobulins (FLC) was performed by the immunoturbidimetric method (Binding Site) on an Advia 1800 analyzer (Siemens). Analysis of IgG, IgA, IgM, β2-microglobulin and C-reactive protein was performed on Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche). The median excretion of Bence-Jones protein in 24h urine of MM patients was 0.49 g/24h (0.06-2.45 g/24h). In the blood serum, in 86% of cases, the presence of paraproteinemia, represented by κ and λ type light chains of immunogloublins was detected. At the same time, the frequency of detection of monoclonal secretion in blood serum in Bence-Jones type λ myeloma was 95.7%, which was statistically significantly higher than the frequency of detection of monoclonal secretion of type κ - 77.8%. In patients with identified paraproteinemia, Bence-Jones protein excretion in daily urine (median 0.82 g/day) was statistically significantly higher than in patients without a monoclonal component detected in blood serum (median 0.04 g/24h). The levels of FLC in blood serum obtained by immunoturbidimetry in Bence-Jones myeloma of the corresponding type were higher than the reference levels in 100% of cases. The median level of κ-FLC reached 4358 mg/l, λ-FLC - 2225 mg/l, which was statistically significantly higher than the control levels. The median concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with Bence-Jones myeloma were statistically significantly lower than in the control group, while the medians of β2-microglobulin and C-reactive protein were significantly higher than in the control. Our investigation showed high diagnostic efficiency of electrophoretic and immunoturbidimetric analysis of monoclonal secretion in patients with Bence-Jones MM, while FLC analysis demonstrated maximum sensitivity. Bence-Jones MM revealed biochemical signs of secondary immunodeficiency and general inflammatory syndrome.

Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Creactive protein levels in female Metabolic Syndrome patients

Background: Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a risk factor for cardiovascular, chronic lung, liver and kidney diseases. Hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) produce various complications such as cardiac arrythmia, renal stones, atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity etc. Some researchers suggested that hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and elevated CRP occur in Metabolic syndrome patients. Objectives: To measure serum calcium, magnesium and CRP levels in Metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to July 2020 in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. For this study, 30 female metabolic syndrome patients aged 25 to 45 year, from the Outpatient department of Endocrinology of BSMMU were selected. For comparison, 30 age and gender matched apparently healthy female subjects were control. Serum calcium and magnesium were measured by Colorimetric method and serum CRP was measured by Immunoturbidimetric method. Independent sample‘t’ test was performed for serum calcium and Mann-Whitney U test was performed for serum magnesium and CRP. Results: Mean serum calcium (p £0.05 and median value of serum CRP (p £0.01) were significantly higher, median value of serum magnesium was lower (p&gt;0.05) but not significant in Metabolic syndrome patients than that of control. Conclusion: This study may conclude that elevated serum calcium and CRP levels are associated with metabolic syndrome patients. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2022, June; 17(1): 14-20

Do Changes in Hemoglobin and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Hip Tuberculosis After Two Months of Treatment Predict Tubercle Bacilli Deletion?

Background and objective Tuberculosis (TB) of the hip refers to the hip infection caused bytubercle bacilli. Treatment for hip TB includes anti-TB medications, surgery to remove joint abscesses, and orthopedic surgery. It is necessary to conduct tests to confirm that the tubercle bacilli have been eradicated following the treatments. In this study, we aimed to assess the change in hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels in patients with hip TB before and two months after receiving specific treatments. We sought to determine whether they are significant tests for the treatment prognosis of hip TB. Methods We employed a prospective cohort design for this study. It was conducted at National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, and involved 24 hip TB patients with intra-articular abscesses who were treated at the center during the period from October 2016 to October 2021. Blood hemoglobin, CRP serum level, and abscesses on hip MRI were assessed before and two months after treatments. Hemoglobin was examined by spectrophotometry, and CRP serum was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. Results Before treatments, the average hemoglobin level in the patients was 11.48 ± 1.85 g/dl; the average CRP serum level was 63.53 ± 36.47 mg/l. After two months of treatments, the average hemoglobin level increased significantly to 13.22 ± 1.36 g/dl, while the average CRP level reduced significantly to 12.55 ± 11.34 mg/l. However, five cases displayed abnormal findings. These five individuals continued to have intra-articular abscesses. Conclusion In individuals who reacted well to the therapy, bloodhemoglobin and CRP serum levels improved. Blood hemoglobin and serum CRP assays can be utilized to monitor outcomes in hip TB therapy.

Haptoglobin in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

BackgroundHaptoglobin (Hp), a liver derived acute phase inflammatory protein (APP), has scarcely been studied in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Hp can occur in blood as two isoforms (Hp1 and Hp2) in precursor and mature forms. Routine clinical chemistry immunoturbidimetry does not discern these forms. It is unknown how different forms relate to disease activity in JIA. Our aims were to determine allele frequency and plasma concentrations of different Hp forms at higher versus lower JIA disease activity and compare to other APPs.MethodsPlasma from JIA (n = 77) and healthy (n = 42) children were analyzed for apparent Hp allelic frequency and densitometric concentrations of alpha forms by Western blot (WB). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (buffy coat) was performed in a subset to estimate conformity with genetics. At higher versus lower juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS27) (which includes erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)), total mature Hp concentration from WB was compared and correlated against immunoturbidimetry and total protein, albumin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsAt 300-fold dilution needed to study mature forms in Western blot, precursors were undetectable. Hp2 contributed most signal in most samples. Hp allele frequency was similar in JIA and controls. Both mature forms, taken separately or by sum, declined following treatment, but remained above concentrations of healthy controls, even in a remission subset that achieved JADAS27 < 1. Densitometry correlated with immunoturbidimetry. Hp concentrations correlated with JADAS27, albumin (negatively), CRP and SAA with immunoturbidimetric method correlating strongest to JADAS27 (Spearman R ~ 0.6, p < 0.0001).ConclusionHp allele frequency in JIA is similar to the general population, indicating that children with JIA should have the same possibility as in healthy children to produce preHp2 (zonulin), thought to increase intestinal permeability. Circulating Hp concentrations largely parallel other APPs and ESR; none of these measures correlate very strongly to JADAS27 score but Hp can be measured from capillary sampling which is impossible with ESR.

Perbedaan Kadar C-Reaktive Protein (CRP) Pada Sampel Serum dan Plasma K3EDTA Dengan Metode Imunoturbidimetri

Examination of levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in the blood is one of the tests. that can detect inflammation at an early stage. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker that is synthesized in the liver. CRP levels increase due to trauma, bacterial infection and inflammation (inflammation and tissue damage). CRP is synthesized by the liver and It released into the bloodstream for 6-10 hours after the acute inflammatory process and acute destruction. Tissue detection CRP is also one of several proteins often referred to as the acute phase and It is used to monitor changes in the acute inflammatory phase associated with many infectious and autoimmune diseases. Examination of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) used serum and plasma samples of K3EDTA. C-Reactive Protein levels were measured using the Immunoturbidimetric method. This type of research was cross sectional. The study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology Muhammadiyah Palembang on December 21, 2021 with samples were 30. The results of the study had an average value in serum samples of 6.3 mg/L and an average value in plasma. K3EDTA 6.5 mg/L. Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0.000. The conclusion of the study was that there were differences in the examination of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in serum and plasma samples of K3EDTA using the immunoturbidimetric method.

The effects of maternal cigarette smoking on cadmium and lead levels, miRNA expression and biochemical parameters across the feto-placental unit

Several miRNAs have been previously identified to be associated with cigarette smoke and/or the toxic metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of maternal cigarette smoking with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels, candidate miRNA expression and biochemical parameters across the feto-placental unit. miRNAs were isolated according to protocols provided by manufacturer from 72 healthy postpartum women using Qiagens’ kits based on phenol/guanidine samples lysis and silica-membrane purification of total RNA. Candidate miRNAs (miR-1537, miR-190b, miR-16, miR-21, and miR-146a) were quantified by real-time PCR. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in plasma samples by standardized and harmonized enzymatic methods using appropriate calibrators, while CRP was determined by immunoturbidimetric method. Concentration of Cd and Pb in whole blood and placenta samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Cd levels in smokers were higher in all of the analyzed compartments of the feto-placental unit, Pb in maternal blood and placenta than non-smokers. Smokers also had a higher expression of miR-16 in maternal and miR-146a in cord plasma, and lower expression of miR-21 in the placenta in comparison to non-smokers. Urate concentrations in the maternal plasma of smokers were lower than this value in non-smokers. The study has demonstrated that maternal smoking was associated with toxic metals (Cd and Pb) levels, urate concentration and alteration of miRNA expression. Given that the effects of maternal smoking on miRNA expression are inadequate, all compartments of the feto-placental unit should be analyzed to obtain a complete picture. This paper is the first to report on the results of expression of cellular and circulating miRNAs simultaneously in maternal and fetal compartments and in the placenta.

Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation is an important feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim: To determine the values of C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with different stages of CKD and to examine how they change depending on the progression of renal damage. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive comparative study included 157 subjects at different stages of CKD which was assessed based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated according to the MDRD equation. CRP was analyzed by an immunoturbidimetric method. NLR and PLR were calculated by a mathematical calculation after a blood count was performed. Results: The present study showed an increase in serum creatinine, CRP, and NLR values with progression of renal failure. There was a statistically significant difference in the creatinine and CRP concentrations between groups with different stages of CKD (p &lt;0.001 for all comparisons). A significant positive correlation was found between NLR and CRP, while negative, significant correlations were observed between NLR and eGFR as well as between PLR and eGFR. There was a slight increase in PLR value with the progression of renal impairment, but the correlation between PLR and CRP was not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that NLR, together with CRP, may serve as an indicator of systemic low-grade inflammation progression in patients with CKD. Larger prospective studies are required to observe the possibility of using NLR as a surrogate marker for CRP in patients with CKD.