Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein In Patients Research Articles

Prognostic role of immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with esophageal cancer

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) suppresses several immune responses in vivo and in vitro , and high preoperative IAP levels could predict the impairment of the host's immunity. In this study prognostic significance of preoperative IAP levels was investigated in 68 esophageal cancer patients with curative resection and eight with non-curative resection. The curative group had significantly lower levels than the non-curative group (432 +/- 183 mg/mL vs. 739 +/- 235 mg/mL, P < 0.0001). The IAP levels were associated with T-status (P < 0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05), and p-stages (P < 0.0001). When 5-year survival rate of patients with curative resection was compared by setting various cutoff values of IAP between high and low IAP groups, several cutoff points (400-580 mg/mL) were revealed to be significantly associated with survival. Setting cutoff value of IAP to 560 mg/mL resulted in a most significant difference of 5-year survival rate of patients between the high and low IAP groups (13.9% and 61.5%, P < 0.0001). These data indicate that pre-operative IAP level is a useful parameter to predict the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients after curative resection.

Prognostic value of preoperative serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) is a potent biological marker of immunological surveillance in patients with malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic significance of IAP in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Preoperative serum IAP concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 115 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The associations between clinicopathologic factors, C-reactive protein (CRP) values and IAP concentration were determined. Prognostic values were determined by multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model. The IAP concentration is significantly higher in patients with stage II-IV cancers than in those with stage I cancer. Significant differences in IAP concentration were observed depending upon tumor size, tumor depth, lymph node status and CRP values. A high IAP concentration, more than 500 micro g/mL, was an independent prognostic factor. Thus, a high IAP concentration is associated with tumor progression and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Prognostic value of preoperative immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with gastric carcinoma: Findings from three independent clinical trials

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) has been reported to have close correlation with the impairment of host immune response. To evaluate the significance of IAP in clinical studies, the prognostic value of preoperative IAP was investigated in clinical trials of patients with gastric carcinoma after curative resection. An appropriate IAP threshold value of 580 micrograms/mL was determined using Cox's proportional hazards model. Five-year survival rates were estimated for high and low IAP groups in three different clinical studies. Meta-analysis was performed based on individual patient data, and summarized hazard ratios were estimated using a stratified proportional hazards model. Meta-analysis of the three clinical trials demonstrated that patients with preoperative IAP levels above the threshold had significantly poorer cancer related survival (P = 0.0039) and absolute survival (P = 0.0023), even after adjustment for the major prognostic factors. Gastric carcinoma patients with an IAP value above the threshold level of 580 micrograms/mL have a higher risk of cancer death and absolute death than patients with an IAP value below the threshold value.

Serum level of immunosuppressive acidic protein in haemodialysis patients with or without renal cell carcinoma.

To assess the significance of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) for detection of renal cell carcinoma in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The serum concentration of both IAP and creatinine was measured in 74 patients undergoing haemodialysis, 10 of whom had renal cell carcinoma and 64 of whom had no renal cell carcinoma. Control data was obtained from 13 healthy blood donors. The serum IAP level of patients undergoing haemodialysis was significantly elevated compared with that of the controls. The serum level of IAP in patients with renal cell carcinoma who were undergoing haemodialysis was also considerably higher than that of patients with no renal cell carcinoma. The serum creatinine levels were not significantly different between patients with and without renal cell carcinoma but were significantly elevated when compared with the controls. The measurement of serum IAP concentration is of value in the detection of renal cell carcinoma in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein in Patients with Lung Cancer

Using a single radial immunodiffusion method, serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in 117 patients with primary lung cancer, 34 patients with benign lung disease, and 45 healthy control subjects. The mean value of IAP for patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that of normal control subjects. There were no significant differences in IAP levels among different histologic types and among different stages of lung cancer. It was concluded that serum IAP level was elevated in patients with lung cancer, especially during the early postoperative period, and serial measurements of serum IAP were of value in monitoring lung cancer patients.

Survey of immunosuppressive acidic protein and other immunological parameters in head and neck cancer patients

Serum levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and other immunological parameters were examined in 95 head and neck cancer patients and 27 control patients. The mean values of IAP in patients in the advanced stage were significantly higher than in early stage patients. Statistically significant increases in the mean concentration of IAP were also observed in patients with a recurrence, as compared to findings in those in the advanced stages. The mean values of blastogenesis response to PHA and NK cell activity in the cancer patients were lower than in disease free individuals, but with no statistical differences. In the endstage patients, the IAP concentration was considerably elevated and the blastogenesis response showed a statistically significant decrease. Thus, the monitoring of serum IAP, in combination with other immunological parameters, aids in planning and assessing clinical staging in head and neck cancer patients.

Clinical Study on the Serum Levels of Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein in Patients with Adult T-Cell Leukemia

Serum levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were measured in patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in order to clarify its significance in this disease. The mean levels in patients with both acute (854 +/- 404 micrograms/ml) and chronic ATL (439 +/- 103 micrograms/ml) were significantly higher than in sera of healthy controls (367 +/- 104 micrograms/ml). However, mean levels in patients with smoldering ATL, healthy T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and healthy controls showed no differences. Levels in crisis in chronic and smoldering ATL were similar to those in patients with acute ATL. Serial measurements of serum IAP in a number of patients revealed that the levels reflected each patient's clinical course, suggesting a potential for use in evaluating the effects of chemotherapy.

Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein in Patients With Testicular Cancer

Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein was compared to lactic dehydrogenase as a marker for testicular cancer in 54 patients with testicular cancer, 62 with benign urological diseases and 203 healthy controls. The mean value of serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with testicular cancer (598 ± 293μg. per ml.) was statistically higher than that in patients with benign disease (429 ± 163μg. per ml.) and healthy controls (368 ± 73μg. per ml.). There were statistically significant differences in serum immunosuppressive acidic protein levels between controls and patients with stage 2 (p less than 0.0001) or stage 3 (p less than 0.001) testicular cancer, and between those with stage 1 and stage 2 (p less than 0.0001) or stage 3 (p less than 0.001) disease, respectively.The usefulness of immunosuppressive acidic protein as a marker for testicular cancer also was compared to that of lactic dehydrogenase. Immunosuppressive acidic protein and lactic dehydrogenase levels were elevated almost equally in patients with stage 2 or 3 disease (range 71 to 92 percent). However, immunosuppressive acidic protein levels were elevated in only 3 of 25 patients with stage 1 cancer (12 per cent), compared to 11 of 25 (44 per cent) with elevated lactic dehydrogenase levels. Immunosuppressive acidic protein was correlated better with tumor stage.In conclusion, serum immunosuppressive acidic protein determinations may be useful in patients with testicular cancer for staging, monitoring treatment results and predicting recurrence.

Significant increase in immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders

IAP, a type of α 1-acid glycoprotein, is mainly produced by macrophages when stimulated in the presence of circulating immune complexes or some inflammatory substances. We assayed the serum levels of IAP by a single radial immunodiffusion method. The normal level of IAP is below 500 μg/ml (385 ± 73). In multiple sclerosis patients, however, IAP increased during exacerbation (630 ± 191) and decreased during the inactive stage (433 ± 170). Eighty-five percent of patients with neuro-Behçet's disease also had high levels of IAP, correlating well with disease activity. In some patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome or Miller Fisher syndrome, IAP increased during the acute phase. In patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, IAP levels remained abnormally high for more than 60 days after onset. The mean value of IAP in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis did not differ from that of normal controls. An increase in IAP in the serum of patients seems to reflect the activity of an inflammatory or immunopathological process.

神経芽細胞腫患者における血清Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein の測定

神経芽細胞腫患者における血清Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein の測定

Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in renal cell carcinoma.

Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in 45 patients with renal cell carcinoma (20 preoperative and 25 postoperative) and 12 healthy adults. The mean values of serum IAP in patients with renal cell carcinoma of low stage (566.3 +/- 197.7 micrograms/ml) and high stage (936.9 +/- 208.8 micrograms/ml) were statistically higher than those of controls (368.8 +/- 84.5 micrograms/ml). Positive rate of IAP levels was found in 58.3% and 100% of patients with low stage and high stage, respectively. The mean value of serum IAP was 756.4 +/- 361.0 micrograms/ml in patients with metastases, while patients without metastases had a value of 434.7 +/- 170.9 micrograms/ml. There was a statistically significant difference between the two populations. These results suggest that IAP levels appear to provide a useful diagnostic and follow-up marker in renal cell carcinoma patients.

Circulating Immune Complexes and Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma

Sera from 23 patients with renal cell carcinoma were tested for circulating immune complexes by Clq binding assay and immunosuppressive acidic protein by single radial immunodiffusion. The mean values of circulating immune complexes and immunosuppressive acidic protein in the patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls, and over-all positive rates were 52 and 35 per cent, respectively. There was a significant correlation between immunosuppressive acidic protein levels and the extent of tumor invasion. Immunosuppressive acidic protein may be a more useful marker than circulating immune complexes. However, presently synthetic evaluations of patients with various nonspecific markers, including these 2 factors, will be necessary.

Immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with gynecologic cancer

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in sera of patients with gynecologic tumors using the single radial immunodiffusion method. The normal limit of IAP of 490 micrograms/ml was derived from the mean value + 2 SD of IAP in 150 healthy females. Among 141 patients with gynecologic cancers, serum IAP was elevated in 87 patients (62%). Among 190 patients with benign tumors (98 uterine myoma, 92 benign ovarian tumors) serum IAP was elevated in 14 patients (7%). Elevated levels of IAP were recognized in 43% of 77 patients with cervical cancer, in 55% of 11 endometrial cancer patients, and in 91% of 53 ovarian cancer patients. The frequency of elevated levels showed a tendency to increase with advancing stage of disease. In ovarian cancer elevation of IAP was observed even in early stages. All of 13 patients with recurrent cervical cancer had elevated IAP while only 6 of 35 (17%) previously treated patients without evidence of recurrence had elevated IAP. Immunosuppressive acidic protein determinations may be useful in monitoring the recurrence of cervical cancer. The measurement of serum IAP as a marker for gynecologic cancer is recommended as an addition to diagnostic procedures.

Immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with ovarian cancer

Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in 63 patients with ovarian tumors (33 benign and 30 malignant) and 79 healthy female controls, and was examined as a marker for ovarian cancer in comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The mean value of serum IAP in patients with ovarian cancer (1085 +/- 474 micrograms/ml) was statistically higher than those of both benign tumors (394 +/- 93 micrograms/ml) and controls (298 +/- 92 micrograms/ml). Elevated levels of IAP and CEA were found in 93.3% and 30.0% of patients with ovarian cancer, respectively. There were three false-positive cases with IAP and two with CEA. Elevation of IAP was recognized in all cancer patients in Stage I, whereas 33.3% of these patients showed elevated CEA. The occurrence of elevated serum IAP was not affected by tumor histologic features. Serial IAP determination appeared to provide a useful follow-up marker in patients in whom CEA was low in value. The measurement of serum IAP is highly recommended as an addition to the conventional diagnostic methods.

Elevated immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with subacute thyroiditis

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) has been reported to be found in the sera of not only cancer patients but also collagen diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis and certain inflammatory diseases such as liver abcess and pyothorax. IAP is proved to be one of the heterogeneity of human serum α1 -acid glycoprotein and to suppress both phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blast formation and mixed-lymphocyte reaction in vitro (Cancer Research, 41 : 3244, 1981).In the present study, we measured IAP by the single radial immunodiffusion methods in patients with various thyroid diseases.The IAP concentration in patients with subacute thyroiditis was 956 ± 256μg/ml (mean ± S.D., n=32), which is significantly higher than that in hyperthyroidism (267 ± 64μg/ml, n=10), hypothyroidism (328 ± 81μg/ml, n=9), chronic thyroiditis (366 ± 120 μg/ml, n=24) and destructive thyroiditis (352 ± 34μg/ml, n=4), respectively. The normal value of IAP concentration is below 500μg/ml.After therapeutic administration of prednisolone or salicylate to patients with subacute thyroiditis, IAP rapidly decreased to normal levels in association with the recovery of elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).In the densitometric tracing of IAP separated by thin-layer isoelectric focusing at a pH range of 2.5 to 5, the major acidic protein had an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.0 in patients with subacute thyroiditis during the active phase as well as in one patient with gastric cancer. Furthermore, the acidic protein at pI 3.0 decreased and the one at pI 3.1, which is the major protein observed in normal serum, became prominent during the recovery phase in patients with subacute thyroiditis. The major acidic protein also had a pI of 3.1 in the sera of patients with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and chronic thyroiditis.IAP remained within the normal range in a patient with destructive thyroiditis who showed thyrotoxic symptoms and then became hypothyroid.It is suggested that the determination of IAP is useful in the clinical diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. Further analysis of IAP might be helpful for the clarification of the pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis.