Immunological Status Of Patients Research Articles

Immunological status of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke

Immunological status of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke

Campylobacteriosis: genotypic characteristics of the pathogen and immunological status of patients

Introduction. Campylobacteriosis is among the leading causes of acute gastrointestinal infections. The severity of campylobacteriosis and the development of long-term complications may be influenced by the genotype of the pathogen, whose biological properties can affect immune response parameters. The aim of the study was to identify common genotypes of epidemic clones of Campylobacter pathogens and to investigate characteristics of the immune response and severity of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 203 patients aged from 1 month to 17 years with campylobacteriosis who underwent treatment at the clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "DNKCIB FMBA" in 2019–2021. The diagnosis was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction method. Patient samples were also analyzed using culture-based methods. Total DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. Genetic determinants encoding virulence factors and MLST typing were performed using the ResFinder program. The immune status of patients was assessed on days 1 and 7 of the illness. Immunological investigation included measurement of serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgM, IgG), C-reactive protein, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL- 7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Results. When analyzing the frequency of detection of Campylobacter sequence types in children with clinical intestinal infections, it was found that the profile of isolated isolates is most similar to those from countries of North America (USA and Canada), Northern Europe (Great Britain, Holland ) and Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Finland). Identification of a pathogen with the flgE+, cdtA+, cdtC+ genotype was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the level of IL-8 and a decrease in the content of IgA in the peripheral blood serum, which reflected the low efficiency of the immune response during infection with Campylobacter and predetermined the severe course of the infectious process during the disease.

Clinical Impact of Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index in Surgical Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Treated With Perioperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is used as a marker to evaluate the nutritional and immunological status of patients with various cancers. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative PNI is a prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection. We retrospectively enrolled 232 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical resection with perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2022. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression models. The optimal cutoff value for the preoperative PNI was 44.3 in the present study. PNI <44.3 was associated with older age (p<0.001) and affected the clinical course of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The PNI <44.3 had an important influence on the decreased OS (25.1 vs. 39.0 months) and RFS (13.1 vs. 22.8 months). In univariate and multivariate analyses, the preoperative PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR)=1.682, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.059-2.673, p=0.028] and RFS (HR=1.559, 95% CI=1.037-2.344, p=0.033). Preoperative PNI is a prognostic factor for both OS and RFS in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection. This study suggests that a low PNI may cause a lack of full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy, leading to recurrence and resulting in a poor prognosis for surgical pancreatic cancer patients treated with perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Clinical characteristics and immunological status of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Northern Thailand.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most prevalent microdeletion syndromes in humans. The syndrome is characterized by extensive phenotypic variability. to investigate the clinical characteristics, immunological features, and intellectual status of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were enrolled. Data collated and evaluated included that pertaining to history, physical examination, laboratory testing including T-cell, immunoglobulin, calcium, thyroid and parathyroid levels in the blood, cardiac and urological imaging, and intellectual status. 34 patients diagnosed with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; 18 (53%) were female. The median age of patients was 18.5 months (IQR; 1.5-35.8). Ninety-one percent of patients had characteristic facial features; 94% had a congenital heart defect with tetralogy of Fallot being the most frequent (72%); 88% had hypocalcemia, and 35% had genitourinary tract abnormalities. Recurrence of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in the family was detected in 18% of cases. Twenty-eight patients (82%) were found to have a low number or percentage of T-cells. Five patients (15%) had low immunoglobulin levels. Intellectual disability (IQ/DQ scores < 70) were found in 20 out of 25 patients who were evaluated (80%), whereas the other five (20%) performed at a level of borderline intellectual function. Tetralogy of Fallot, hypocalcemia, immunologic defect, and cognitive impairment were common in our 22q11.2 deletion syndrome study group. We recommend that all affected patients have a multi-system evaluation by a comprehensive care team.

IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND COLON DYSBIOSIS IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM.

The aim: To investigate the peculiarities of immunological changes and their relationship with colon dysbiosis in obese patients with HT. Materials and methods: The examined patients included 48 patients with HT and obesity (group 1) and 34 patients with obesity (group 2). Patients under¬went fecal analysis for dysbiosis. The levels of complement, namely C3 and C4 and the concentration of immunoglobulins (IgA, Ig M, IgG) were determined by means of chromogenic analysis. Results: During the clinical examination, constipation and flatulence were more often diagnosed in patients of group I (58.3% and 66.7%, respectively - p<0.001), while in patients of group 2 with increased BMI without thyroid dysfunction, a tendency to diarrhea was more often found, accompanied by periodic pain along the colon (50.0% and 32.3% of patients, respectively - p<0.001). Changes in the immunological status of patients in both groups were found. In patients with HT and increase of BMI an increase in serum IgA, IgM, IgG levels were found. An increase in serum immunoglobulins (A, M and G) was also diagnosed in group 2 of examined patients too. Conclusions: 1. In patients with obesity decrease in the concentration of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and increase in the number of Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Proteus and Klebsiella were detected, which is more pronounced in patients with a combination of obesity and hypothyroidism. 2. Impairment distinct of immu¬nological status in patients with hypothyroidism and obesity was diagnosed, which was manifested by increased levels of immunoglobulins, namly (A, M, G), as well as a decrease in blood serum complements (C3, C4). 3. The level of IgA, G directly depends on the decrese of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and increse of Staphylococcus, Clostridium and Klebsiella in patients with obesity, which is more pronounced in patients with a combination of obesity and hypothyroidism.

Іmmunological disorders and colonic dysbiosis inpatients with biliary lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity

Background. The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of changes in immunological status and their relationship with colonic dysbiosis in patients with biliary lesions on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 54 patients with type 2 DM and obesity of varying severity, who underwent a comprehensive examination. Two groups of those examined for type 2 DM and obesity were formed, depending on the type of lesion of the biliary system. Thus, group I included 24 patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis, and group II consisted of 30 patients with gallstone disease. Results. The results of the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the colonic microflora indicate dysbiotic changes in patients with type2 DM, obesity, and lesions of the biliary system. More pronounced disorders in the quantitative and qualitative composition of colonic microflora were diagnosed in patients of group II (with type 2 DM and obesity in combination with gallstone disease). The patients of group II significantly more often developed an increase in the number of Enterobacter (14.2%; p&lt;0.05), Citrobacter (31.8%; p&lt;0.01), Staphylococcus (16.7%; p&lt;0.05), and Clostridium (11.8%; p&lt;0.05) compared with the data of group I. More pronounced increase in all immunoglobulin parameters was found in patients with gallstone disease associated with type 2 DM and obesity. At the same time, the increase in IgA and IgG levels, which is indisputable evidence of activation of the humoral part of the body’s immunocompetent system, was found in patients with biliary lesions and type 2 DM and obesity. Conclusions. In patients with type2 DM and obesity in combination with lesions of the biliary system (mainly gallstone disease), changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the colonic microflora (a decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and an increase in the concentration of Clostridium, Staphylococci, Proteus, and Klebsiella) were detected. Impairment of immunological status in patients with type 2 DM and obesity in combination with lesions of the biliary tract was diagnosed, which manifested in increased levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IgG and a decrease in serum C3 and C4 in patients with gallstone disease. The increase in IgA and IgG directly depends on the change in the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Proteus in the microbiological examination of feces in patients with type 2 DM and obesity in combination with the biliary system (mainly gallstone disease).

Adaptive immunity in different CT patterns of active tuberculosis and possible variability according to patients' geographic provenience.

BackgroundIt is still unclear if low lymphocyte levels are directly related to immunological modifications induced by the TB infection or if they depend on the general pre-existing health impairment of affected patients. Our aim was to detect eventual differences in the immunological status of patients with pulmonary TB compared to an age and sex-matched group of hospitalized patients with other bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In addition, we tried to assess an association between alterations in the peripheral lymphocyte subsets and the development of different CT patterns of active TB and to discover differences in the immunological status and in the radiological patterns of TB presentation between patients of different geographic proveniences.MethodsThis observational study included 48 patients with TB and 48 sex- and age-matched patients affected by other bacterial CAP. The presence of HIV/AIDS, other immunocompromising conditions, and confounding chronic pulmonary comorbidities was excluded. Flow cytometry was performed on all the enrolled subjects at admission, before starting the appropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients with TB also underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan.ResultsPatients with TB showed a decrease in the absolute count of all the lymphocyte subsets compared to the CAP group. Only the reduction in the percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was significant, while the percentage of CD8+ T-lymphocytes was significantly increased. Patients presenting exudative forms with atypical locations of TB showed a significant reduction in the absolute count and percentage of CD19+ B-lymphocytes compared to those affected by productive TB forms with the typical location. Despite being younger, our black Sub-Saharan Africans showed a significant reduction in the CD4+ T-lymphocytes compartment and a higher prevalence of atypical and exudative forms of TB compared with white Europeans.ConclusionTuberculosis itself may alter peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets compared to other CAP. An impaired CD19+ B-lymphocyte compartment may result in an abnormal exudative response in atypical locations and a suboptimal bacterial control. Other constitutive or environmental causes may influence immunological differences found in patients with TB, particularly in case of different geographic origins. Anyhow, flow cytometry may be of great value in evaluating the immune function of these patients.

The prognostic value and clinical significance of mitophagy-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Mitophagy has been found to play a significant part in the cancer process in a growing number of studies in recent years. However, there is still a lack of study on mitophagy-related genes’ (MRGs) prognostic potential and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We employed bioinformatics and statistical knowledge to examine the transcriptome data of HCC patients in the TCGA and GEO databases, with the goal of constructing a multigene predictive model. Then, we separated the patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the score. The model’s dependability was determined using principal components analysis (PCA), survival analysis, independent prognostic analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Following that, we examined the clinical correlations, pharmacological treatment sensitivity, immune checkpoint expression, and immunological correlations between patients in high and low risk groups. Finally, we evaluated the variations in gene expression between high- and low-risk groups and further analyzed the network core genes using protein-protein interaction network analysis. Results: Prognostic models were built using eight genes (OPTN, ATG12, CSNK2A2, MFN1, PGAM5, SQSTM1, TOMM22, TOMM5). During validation, the prognostic model demonstrated high reliability, indicating that it could accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients. Additionally, we discovered that typical HCC treatment medicines had varying impacts on patients classified as high or low risk, and that individuals classified as high risk are more likely to fail immunotherapy. Additionally, the high-risk group expressed more immunological checkpoints. The immunological status of patients in different risk categories varies as well, and patients with a high-risk score have a diminished ability to fight cancer. Finally, PPI analysis identified ten related genes with potential for research. Conclusion: Our prognostic model had good and reliable predictive ability, as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment guiding significance. Eight prognostic MRGs and ten network core genes merited further investigation.

Human Leukocyte Antigens and Biomarkers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors.

BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI-T1DM) is a rare critical entity. However, the etiology of ICI-T1DM remains unclear.MethodsIn order to elucidate risk factors for ICI-T1DM, we evaluated the clinical course and immunological status of patients with ICI-T1DM who had been diagnosed during 2016 to 2021.ResultsSeven of 871 (0.8%, six men and one woman) patients developed ICI-T1DM. We revealed that the allele frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DPA1*02:02 and DPB1*05:01 were significantly higher in the patients with ICI-T1DM In comparison to the controls who received ICI (11/14 vs. 10/26, P=0.022; 11/14 vs. 7/26, P=0.0027, respectively). HLA-DRB1*04:05, which has been found to be a T1DM susceptibility allele in Asians, was also observed as a high-risk allele for ICI-T1DM. The significance of the HLA-DPB1*05:01 and DRB1*04:05 alleles was confirmed by an analysis of four additional patients. The absolute/relative neutrophil count, neutrophils-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil-eosinophil ratio increased, and the absolute lymphocyte count and absolute/relative eosinophil count decreased at the onset as compared with 6 weeks before. In two patients, alterations in cytokines and chemokines were found at the onset.ConclusionNovel high-risk HLA alleles and haplotypes were identified in ICI-T1DM, and peripheral blood factors may be utilized as biomarkers.

Роль герпетичної інфекції в прогресуванні коморбідної соматичної патології

Мета роботи: визначити особливості клітинної та гуморальної ланок імунної системи у хворих на хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) груп В та С, GOLD 2–3, які мають ознаки метаболічного синдрому (МС), із наявністю ознак інфікування вірусами групи Herpesviridae. Матеріали та методи. Були обстежені 42 хворі на ХОЗЛ груп В та С, GOLD 2–3, поєднане із МС. 18 осіб мали поєд­нання ХОЗЛ та МС і були інфіковані вірусами Herpesviridae. Середній вік пацієнтів становив 51,3 ± 4,2 роки. У групу порівняння ввійшли 24 пацієнти з ХОЗЛ та МС без герпесвірусної інфекції. Усім хворим було проведене визначення антигенів вірусу простого герпесу (ВПГ) І типу та цитомегаловірусу (ЦМВ) у крові та слині, титру специфічних IgG- та IgM-антитіл до ВПГ І типу та ЦМВ, комплексне імунологічне обстеження з дослідженням показників клітинної та гуморальної ланок імунної системи, цитокінового статусу. Результати. При дослідженні активності вірусів родини герпесу в крові пацієнтів основної групи не було виявлено активної реплікації вірусів ВПГ 1-го типу та ЦМВ, а в слині в 15 хворих (83,3 %) була виявлена активна реплікація ВПГ 1-го типу, а у 12 осіб (66,7 %) — ЦМВ. У всіх пацієнтів основної групи відмічався тяжкий перебіг герпесвірусної інфекції з частотою загострень більше 6 разів на рік. В імунологічному статусі хворих основної групи спостерігалися імунодефіцит переважно Т-клітинної ланки імунної системи та NK-клітин, значне підвищення відносної кількості Т- та В-лімфоцитів із раннім та пізнім маркерами активації на тлі автоімунних проявів та запальних змін у периферичній крові. Висновки. Наявність хронічної персистуючої інфекції ВПГ 1-го типу та ЦМВ обумовлює тяжкий перебіг ХОЗЛ, поєднаного з МС, індукує розвиток інфекційних загострень ХОЗЛ та більш виражені прояви системного запалення при атеросклерозі як морфологічному субстраті МС.

Відмінності в імунологічному статусі хворих на туберкульоз легень при розвитку алергічних та токсико-алергічних побічних реакцій при лікуванні протитуберкульозними препаратами

Abstract. The aim of the study: to establish differences in the immunological status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the development of allergic and toxico-allergic adverse reactions during treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Materials and methods of research. An analysis of the examination data of 68 patients with pulmonary TB who underwent inpatient treatment at the State Organization «Yanovsky National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology NAMS of Ukraine». The mean age of patients was (38.2 ± 1.8) years (19 to 76 years). At the beginning of inpatient treatment in the clinic all patients underwent a complex examination: clinical, radiological, laboratory (general blood and urine tests, with blood levels of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, glucose), microbiological, immunological (determination of serum tryptase level, total IgE level, lymphocyte migration inhibition (LMI) reaction and assessment of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) to first-line antitubercular drugs (ATD) (rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol)). Conclusions. The study revealed a significant difference between a number of immunological parameters in patients with pulmonary TB in the development of allergic and toxic-allergic reactions to ATD. The presence of clinical signs of allergy to ATD in patients with TB causes the formation of: elevated serum levels of tryptase and IgE, which indicates the activation of mast cells and basophils under the influence of ATD; significantly higher frequency of positive reactions of ERS (to isoniazid and ethambutol) and LMI (to isoniazid) — which reflects the state of sensitization to ATD. The immune status of patients with TB with allergic manifestations to ATD (without toxic reactions) differs from that in patients with toxic-allergic reactions with more pronounced laboratory signs of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to ATD. Immunological reactions in patients with TB with toxic-allergic reactions have a number of differences that are not typical for patients of group 1 with allergies: significantly lower lymphocyte sensitization in patients with ATD (only to isoniazid in LIM), lack of correlation of IgE serum levels with tryptase levels — indicating the genesis of other mechanisms of hypersensitivity to ATD (possibly pseudoallergic) in such patients. The formation of toxic-allergic manifestations of intolerance to ATD is influenced mainly by liver dysfunction, which indicates a leading toxic effect of ATD in such patients. Key words: allergic reactions, immunological parameters, cellular hypersensitivity, anti-tuberculosis drugs, toxic-allergic reactions, pulmonary tuberculosis

Upregulated glycolysis correlates with tumor progression and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Altered metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis for energy production, termed “aerobic glycolysis.” In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the glycolytic activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We first divided 520 patients with HNSCC into four groups based on the mRNA expression of 16 glycolysis-related genes. The upregulated glycolytic activity positively correlated with human papillomavirus-negative tumor type, advanced T factor, and unfavorable prognosis. The gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of several hallmark pathways, including interferon-alpha response, myc targets, unfolded protein response, transforming growth factor-β signaling, cholesterol homeostasis, and interleukin 6-Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, in the glycolysis-upregulated groups. Immune cell enrichment analysis revealed decreased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells in the glycolysis-upregulated groups, suggesting impaired tumor antigen presentation, T cell activation, and antibody production in the TME. Moreover, the expression profile of immune-related genes indicated increased immune evasion in the glycolysis-upregulated tumors. Collectively, these findings suggest that transcriptome analysis of glycolytic activity of tumors has the potential as a biomarker for tumor progression and immunological status in patients with HNSCC.

Changes in the immune status of patients with metastatic solid tumors during stereotactic radiation therapy: dependence on dose and amount of irradiated metastasis

Purpose. To evaluate immunological status in patients with metastatic forms of solid tumors before and at different intervals after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of metastatic lesions depending on the dose and the number of irradiated metastasis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A quantitative assessment and analysis of blood immunological parameters was conducted before irradiation, via 3-4 weeks and via 6-8 weeks after SBRT in patients with malignant tumors with oligometastases in the liver and lungs, in groups with a total focal dose (TFD ≤ 45 Gy ) and TFD&gt; 45 Gy, and also in groups with irradiation of one metastases and two or more. All peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman and Nemenyi criteria.&#x0D; Results. 3-4 weeks after the end of SBRT, when using higher doses (TFD&gt; 45 Gy), we observed statistically significant increase of T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD19-); T-helpers (CD3+CD4+); activated T-helpers (CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+); activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3+СD8+HLA-DR+). Decreasing of B-lymphocytes (CD3+CD19-) was observed in both dose groups (TFD ≤ 45 Gy and TFD &gt; 45 Gy). We also noted the activation of the T-cell link of immunity both in the group with irradiation of one metastatic lesion, and in the group where 2 or more metastases were exposed to irradiation.&#x0D; Conclusion. Using of higher doses of SBRT is associated with a more activated antitumor T-cell immune response, while the analysis of groups of patients with different ammount of irradiated metastasis currently requires further research.

MO438STUDY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS IN PATIENT OF CKD IN PREDIALYSIS STAGES

Abstract Background and Aims It is known that inflammation is an important factor associated with the variability of the clinical picture in patients with chronic diseases. However, the question remains not completely clear: are immunological changes predictors of less stable control of the course of CKD. The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the immunological status in patients with pre-dialysis stages of CKD. Method 80 patients (46 men and 36 women) with CKD in the outcome of nephropathies of diabetic and nondiabetic etiology, admitted to the Republican Medical Scientific and Practical Center for Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, were examined. Chronic pyelonephritis without exacerbation was diagnosed in 31 patients, chronic glomerulonephritis - in 29, diabetic nephropathy - in 25 polycystic kidney disease - in 6 patients. Glomerular filtration was calculated based on serum creatinine concentration using the CKD-EPI formula (2011). A complex of immunological studies was performed. Immunotyping of lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry with the characterization of the main markers of immunocompetent cells. Results In patients with CKD, violations were observed in almost all links of immunological reactivity, first of all, a significant decrease in indicators of natural resistance (CD16 +, PS, PI) (p &amp;lt;0.05). The results of immunological monitoring showed a predominant violation of cellular defense mechanisms (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +) (p &amp;lt;0.05), a multiple increase in inflammatory cytokines Il-4, TNF-α, IL-6 (p &amp;lt;0.05), in the absence of activation of humoral link and inadequacy of elimination mechanisms (CEC, p &amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that the immunological parameters were characterized by insufficient activation of the first line of defense of natural resistance, as well as specific mechanisms - an imbalance of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, hyperactivation of cytokine regulation in the absence of effector functions.

Virologic and immunologic status of children with HIV-TB co-infections

Background Studies about virologic and immunologic status of HIV children are lacking. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients and co-infection is associated with much worse prognosis.&#x0D; Objective To describe the virologic and immunologic status of patients with HIV and TB co-infection, before and after HIV and TB treatment.&#x0D; Methods A prospective study was conducted in HIV co-infected with TB patients in an Indonesian tertiary hospital between November 2016—December 2018. Viral load and CD4 levels were performed at diagnosis and after 6 months of HIV and TB treatment.&#x0D; Results Of 44 children hospitalized due to HIV, 15 newly diagnosed HIV cases had TB co-infection. Thirteen were included as subjects. Most patients (10/13) were under 5 years of age, with similar female and male proportions (7/13 vs. 6/13, respectively). All were diagnosed with stage 4 HIV. Six patients had respiratory problems at admission. First examinations revealed severe immunodeficiency (CD4+ &lt;20%) in all patients, and high viral loads (&gt;105 copies/mL) in most (9/13) patients. Despite good compliance to medications, 8/13 patients died before the sixth month follow-up. Deterioration of virologic and immunologic status was seen in 3/4 of the followed-up patients.&#x0D; Conclusion Children with HIV-TB coinfections have severe immunodeficiency and high viral loads. Most such patients die before 6 months, while survivors experience virologic and immunologic status deterioration. Future study must take into account for HIV drug resistance investigation.

Prognostic Significance of the Immunological Indices in Patients Who Underwent Complete Resection of Pulmonary Metastases of Colorectal Cancer.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported as immunological prognostic factors for various cancers. We evaluated the association between the prognosis and the immunological status in patients who underwent complete resection of pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated the associations between the NLR before the resection of pulmonary metastases and the relapse-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS), or between the density of TILs in the pulmonary metastasis and the RFS or OS. The RFS and OS were significantly worse in the NLR-High group than in the NLR-Low group. The RFS was significantly longer in the CD3+TILs-High group than in the CD3+TILs-Low group. The NLR and the density of TILs may have prognostic significance in patients who undergo complete resection of pulmonary metastases of CRC.

Preoperative Albumin-Bilirubin Grade With Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts the Outcome of Patients With Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation.

Background: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) that was designed to assess the nutritional and immunological status of patients and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grades can be used as an assessment tool for hepatic function. Both nutritional and immunological statuses have been reported to be independent prognostic factors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate whether PNI together with ALBI could be a better predictor in patients with early-stage HCC undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Method: The information of 110 patients with newly diagnosed HCC within the Milan criteria receiving RFA as the initial therapy between 2014 and 2015 was retrospectively collected. Pretreatment PNI, ALBI, and PNI-ALBI grades were calculated. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.Result: The 1-, 3-, and 5-years OS rates of patients were 80.0, 30.9, and 23.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor size [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.966, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.091–3.545, P = 0.025], PNI grade (H = 2.558, 95% CI = 1.289–5.078, P = 0.007), and PNI-ALBI grade (HR = 3.876, 95% CI = 1.729–8.690, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for OS, whereas only the elevated α-fetoprotein (HR = 1.732, 95% CI = 1.003–2.991, P = 0.049) and the size of the tumor (HR = 1.640, 95% CI = 1.015–2.647, P = 0.43) were independent predictors for better RFS.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that preoperative PNI-ALBI grade is a simple and useful predictor for OS in patients with early-stage HCC after RFA.

CHANGES IN SOME PERIPHERAL BLOOD IMMUNE PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AMONG SERVICEMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The object of research: the state of chronic periodontitis among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains extremely urgent. Therefore a group of servicemen with chronic periodontitis and its complications was taken. In addition, a control group of servicemen was used to compare the results. Investigated problem: in this article, the diagnosis was considered due to the use of immunological studies of peripheral blood of sick servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with chronic periodontitis, as well as its complications. The study of the features of immunological parameters in peripheral blood was performed. The main scientific results: according to the obtained data, there is a relative suppression of immunity among servicemen with chronic periapical infection compared with servicemen of the control group. According to our data, the main lymphocyte subpopulation of peripheral blood are CD8 and CD4 / CD8; CD19+(B-lymphocytes) and CD3-HLA+; CD4 and CD4 / CD8, which reflect inflammatory processes in the body. These indicators are closely interrelated. The area of practical use of the research results: these results of research can be applied to students’ training at stomatology faculties, in stomatology practice, to research into the immunological status of patients with chronic periodontitis and its complications. Innovative technological product: it is the first time the study of the immunological status of peripheral blood during chronic periapical infections among servicemen has been performed. Scope of the innovative technological product: this study can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis in dental practice, as well as in the research to compare the results of the immunological state of peripheral blood.

Experience in Immunizing HIV-Infected Children against Pneumococcal Infection and Influenza

Relevance. The lethal outcomes of HIV infection are determined by secondary diseases, among which tuberculosis and pneumonia take the leading place. Vaccination is an important way to reduce and prevent the development of infectious diseases in both adults and children. Particular attention is paid to children with HIV infection, the incidence of which is much higher in comparison with children without HIV positive status. The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of the prevention of lower respiratory tract infections with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in HIV-infected children. Materials & Methods. The material was data from medical records about HIV-infected children. The research method is visual using retrospective analysis. Results. Immunological indicators and the general health status of HIV-infected children were assessed during their registration with the regional AIDS center. Changes in the immunological status of patients under dynamic observation were described. The timing of vaccination was analyzed and a comparison was made with the development of bacterial diseases in HIV-infected children. Conclusions. A low incidence of bacterial infections and the absence of pneumococcal pneumonia in HIV-infected children were revealed. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection and influenza must be given to all HIV-infected children from the moment they are registered with a regional specialized medical institution.

Changes in Immunological Status in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With First-line Chemoimmunotherapy.

Chemoimmunotherapy is a promising treatment for various malignant diseases. In this study, we examined whether first-line chemoimmunotherapy using adoptive immune-cell therapy was effective for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The therapeutic efficacy and safety of the standard first-line chemoimmunotherapy with adoptive αβ T cell therapy and bevacizumab were assessed using thirty-two patients with mCRC in our hospital. Immunological status after this chemoimmunotherapy was also evaluated. The response and disease control rates were 68.8% and 87.5%, respectively. Further, median progression-free and overall survival were 14.2 and 35.3 months. Immunotherapy-associated toxicity was minimal. Significant decrease in the change of monocyte number (p=0.006) and increase in the change of rate of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p=0.039) were seen in the complete response group. First-line chemoimmunotherapy with adoptive αβ T cell therapy may be useful for mCRC.