Immunological Parameters In Patients Research Articles

The Influence of Hyperthyroidism on the Coagulation and on the Risk of Thrombosis.

Introduction: Apart from the well-known fact that hyperthyroidism induces multiple prothrombotic disorders, there is no consensus in clinical practice as to the impact of hyperthyroidism on the risk of thrombosis. The aim of this study was to examine the various hemostatic and immunologic parameters in patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods: Our study consists of a total of 200 patients comprised of 64 hyperthyroid patients, 68 hypothyroid patients, and 68 euthyroid controls. Patient thyroid status was determined with standard tests. Detailed hemostatic parameters and cardiolipin antibodies of each patient were determined. Results: The values of factor VIII (FVIII), the Von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and anticardiolipin antibodies of the IgM class were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid patients than in the hypothyroid patients and euthyroid controls. The rate of thromboembolic manifestations was much higher in hyperthyroid patients (6.25%) than in hypo-thyroid patients (2.9%) and euthyroid controls (1.4%). Among hyperthyroid patients with an FVIII value of ≥1.50 U/mL, thrombosis was recorded in 8.3%, while in hyperthyroid patients with FVIII value ≤ 1.50 U/mL the occurrence of thrombosis was not recorded. The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was significantly higher (8.3%) in the hyperthyroid patients compared to the hypothyroid patients (1.5%) and euthyroid controls (0%). Conclusions: High levels of FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1, and anticardiolipin antibodies along with other hemostatic factors contribute to the presence of a hypercoaguable state in patients with hyperthyroidism. The risk of occurrence of thrombotic complications is especially pronounced in patients with a level of FVIII exceeding 150% and positive anticardiolipin antibodies of the IgM class. Patients with AF are at particularly high risk of thrombotic complications due to a hyperthyroid prothrombotic milieu.

Estimation of Serum TLR-9,TNF-α, and IL-6 Levels in the Iraqi Patients Diagnosed as Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a varied group of biological and clinical diseases. It is distinguished by the fast proliferation of aberrant cells in the bone marrow, which interferes with normal blood cell formation. Several studies demonstrated that cytokines released by leukemic cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner influence the proliferation of AML cells. Our study aimed to assess serum levels of TLR-9, TNF-α and, IL-6 in patients of AML. The study was done via the ELISA Technique. The results show a highly significant difference in all parameters in Patients and control. The correlation between immunological parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient for patients showed that there is a weak correlation between TLR-9 and TNF- α, IL-6 with P-values of 0.47 and 0.23 respectively. This may indicate the complex environment of inflammation. However, there was a strong correlation between TNF- α and IL-6 with a P-value (0.001). This indicates that the secretion of these cytokines was high in patients. All immunological parameters of patients were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to demonstrate that any one of them is a useful tool for identifying and tracking inflammation. The ROC curve's findings revealed that all parameters have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting inflammation and disease activity in AML patients. According to the current study, AML was related to higher levels of TLR-9, TNF-α, and, IL-6 may be affected the prognosis of the disease, increase the risk of the disease progression, and may be used as a biomarker to target AML cells.

Portal hypertension in common variable immunodeficiency disorders - a single center analysis on clinical and immunological parameter in 196 patients.

Liver manifestations and in particular portal hypertension (PH) contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). Screening strategies and early detection are limited due to the lack of specific diagnostic tools. We evaluated clinical, immunological, histological, and imaging parameters in CVID patients with clinical manifestation of portal hypertension (CVID+PH). Portal hypertension was present in 5.6% of CVID patients and was associated with high clinical burden and increased mortality (18%). Longitudinal data on clinical and immunological parameters in patients before and during clinically manifest portal hypertension revealed a growing splenomegaly and increasing gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (SIL-2R) levels with decreasing platelets over time. While ultrasound of the liver failed to detect signs of portal hypertension in most affected patients, transient elastography was elevated in all patients. All CVID+PH patients had reduced naïve CD45RA+CD4+ T-cells (mean of 6,2%). The frequency of severe B-lymphocytopenia (Euroclass B-) was higher in CVID+PH patients. The main histological findings included lymphocytic infiltration, nodular regenerative hyperplasia-like changes (NRH-LC), and porto(-septal) fibrosis. CVID patients with lower naïve CD45RA+CD4+ T-cells or severely reduced B-cells might be at higher risk for portal hypertension. The combination of biochemical (increasing sIL-2R, GGT, and decreasing platelets) and imaging parameters (increasing splenomegaly) should raise suspicion of the beginning of portal hypertension.

DYNAMICS IN MAIN CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS FOLLOWING INTEGRATED THERAPY INCLUDING VITAMIN D

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of integrated therapy including vitamin D on the clinical and immunological parameters of patients with chronic hepatitis C combined with chronic pancreatitis.
 Materials and methods. 52 patients with chronic hepatitis C and chronic pancreatitis with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency who had an insufficient level of vitamin D were under observation. They were divided into 2 groups depending on the treatment prescribed. All patients received antiviral therapy and sofosbuvir 400 mg + daclatasvir 60 mg once a day for 12 weeks and rabeprazole 20 mg once a day for a month. Depending on the scheme of taking enzyme preparations and vitamin D, all patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=24) received Creon 25,000 according to the scheme and vitamin D 4,000 IU/day for 12 weeks of antiviral therapy and 12 weeks after the completion of antiviral therapy. Group 2 (n=28) took only Creon 10,000 according to the scheme. Analysis of findings obtained and their processing were carried out in Jamovi 2.3.2.1, Microsoft Office Excel for Windows 2016 programs using the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon U-test. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
 Results: The administration of complex therapy, supplemented with vitamin D, resulted in a 100% achievement of sustained virological response (SVR) in patients belonging to group 1, while group 2 exhibited an SVR rate of 82.1%. It has been found out the treatment in group 1 demonstrated a significantly more pronounced reduction in ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels compared to group 2. Furthermore, patients in group 1 exhibited more substantial changes in the cytokine profile, including a decrease in the levels of IL-6, TNF-б, neopterin, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-в. Three months after the completion of antiviral therapy, the average FE-1 level in group 1 normalized, whereas in group 2, it only displayed a tendency toward normalization.
 Conclusion: The integration of a polyenzyme drug with minimal lipase activity (25,000 units) and vitamin D (4,000 IU/day) into the therapy for patients with comorbidity of chronic hepatitis C and chronic pancreatitis enhances the efficacy of antiviral therapy. This combination facilitates the rapid normalization of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin, mitigates cytokine imbalances, and improves exocrine pancreas function.

Impact of the therapy that changes the clinical course of multiple sclerosis using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the immunological parameters of patients

Impact of the therapy that changes the clinical course of multiple sclerosis using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the immunological parameters of patients

Clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with moderate COVID-19 with different lung lesion areas

Objective: to study the clinical and immunological parameters of patients with COVID-19 in moderate form with varying degrees of lung tissue damage.Materials and methods: 80 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of «COVID-19, moderate form; complication: bilateral polysegmental interstitial pneumonia» were examined. The difference in laboratory parameters (general clinical, biochemical and immunological) was evaluated depending on the degree of lung damage (up to 25 and up to 50%). Comparison group: 20 healthy volunteers.Results: the differences between patients with different lung lesion areas consisted in higher levels of prognosis severity markers – CRP, LDH. In the immune status in the CT group 2, there was a decrease in CD3+ lymphocytes and their helper subpopulation, dysimmunoglobulinemia and a higher IL-6 content.Conclusions: CT examination is of great importance for monitoring the progression of the disease. The smaller area of lung lesion reflects a lighter course of the disease, which does not exclude the need for dispensary observation and rehabilitation after discharge.

Evaluation of Few Immunological Parameters in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Najaf

Kidney failure is a chronic disease currently spreading worldwide, and one of its most important complications. Many indicators can be used to detect kidney disease early, which, if not treated, will eventually lead to failure. Kidney disease often leads to death. The study aimed to find a relationship between chronic renal failure and some immunological parameters and its relationship to the mechanism of dialysis, if it was hemorrhagic or peritoneal This study was conducted at the Kidney Center in Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf, and lasted from September 2022 to May 2023, including 57 males with chronic renal failure and 33 males. Listening male subjects who were considered as a control group. It was divided into age groups from 20 to 70, the duration of infection from 1 to 4 years, 5 to 7 and 8 to 15 years, and the body mass index included normal, excess, and obesity for patients with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and patients who did not reach the stage hemodialysis. The study concluded significant differences in the immunological indicators MCP-1 NTN-1, IL-1, α-TNF in the renal failure serum compared with healthy subjects. There was a positive relationship in the MCP-1, NTNT-1,IL-1, α TNF level. The results showed that there are significant differences p < 0.05 in age groups and body mass index in patients with renal failure compared with healthy subjects. There are no significant differences p > 0.05 with the duration of infection in patients with chronic renal failure compared with healthy controls. The presence of significant differences predicted kidney failure, p < 0.05, in the MCP-1 immunological indicators NTN-1, IL-1, α-TNF –TNF, The approved ROC table in patients with renal failure showed that the highest area of the biomarker NTN-1 and the lowest area is the biomarker α- TNF and immunological indicators are considered as predictors of early diagnosis of chronic renal failure.

Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Peripheral Neuropathy.

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a multisystem disorder of autoimmune etiology, frequently involving peripheral nerves. Early detection of peripheral neuropathy (PN) manifestations might improve prognosis and disease control. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the predictive potential of hematological and immunological parameters associated with PN development in pSS patients. This single-center retrospective study included patients with pSS who were divided into two groups, according to the occurrence of neurological manifestations throughout the follow-up period. From the total of 121 pSS patients included in the study, 31 (25.61%) developed neurological manifestations (PN+ group) during the follow-up period. At the moment of pSS diagnosis, 80.64% of PN+ patients exhibited increased disease activity, with ESSDAI scores above 14 (p = 0.001), and significantly higher values for VASp score (p = 0.001), with a mean value of 4.90 ± 2.45, compared to 1.27 ± 1.32 in the PN- group. The hematological assessment at the moment of pSS diagnosis revealed that neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the PN+ group (p = 0.001), while lymphocytes, monocytes and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were significantly lower (p = 0.025, p = 0.13 and p = 0.003, respectively). Immuno-inflammatory parameters-gammaglobulins, complement fractions C3, C4, total proteins and vitamin D were significantly lower in the PN+ patients' group. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictive character for PN development in pSS patients was confirmed for NLR (95% CI 0.033 to 0.263, p = 0.012), MLR (95% CI -1.289 to -0.194, p = 0.008), gammaglobulins (95% CI -0.426 to -0.088, p < 0.003), complement fraction C4 (95% CI -0.018 to -0.001, p < 0.030) and vitamin D (95% CI -0.017 to -0.003, p < 0.009). Readily available and frequently used hematological and immunological markers, such as NLR, MLR, gammaglobulins, C4 and vitamin D could be helpful in predicting the neurological involvement in pSS patients. These biological parameters might become useful tools for clinicians to monitor disease progression and identify potentially severe extraglandular manifestations in pSS patients.

COMPARISON OF DEFERASIROX AND DESFERRIOXAMINE AS IRON CHELATORS IN MULTI-TRANSFUSED PATIENTS OF Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of deferasirox and deferoxamine in improving hematological and immunological parameters in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major. 200 patients were enrolled in the study, with 100 receiving deferasirox and 100 receiving deferoxamine. The study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The patients were followed up for six months, during which various hematological and immunological parameters were measured at regular intervals. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Both deferasirox and deferoxamine effectively improved hematological and immunological parameters in patients with β-thalassemia major. However, deferasirox was more effective than deferoxamine in improving hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and hematocrit levels. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the two iron chelators in their impact on white blood cell count and platelet count. Deferasirox appears to be a more effective iron chelator than deferoxamine in improving hematological parameters in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major

Combination immunotherapy of ibrutinib, fludarabine, and pembrolizumab for high-risk CLL patients: clinical and immunological analysis of a pilot phase II study

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is due to clonal expansion of CD5+ B cells. Immunosuppression is a hallmark of CLL and includes impaired anti-tumor T cell responses. Exhaustion of PD-1+ CD8 T cells has been implicated in disease progression, providing a rationale to test checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic. However, single-agent anti-PD-1 antibodies lacked clinical efficacy. Here, we analyzed immunologic parameters in patients enrolled on a phase II study of ibrutinib (continuous administration), fludarabine (2 cycles) and pembrolizumab (for 18 cycles after fludarabine). 13 patients were enrolled, 10 patients were evaluable, 9 patients achieved partial response (90%) and 1 patient complete response (10%). Bulk RNA-seq of CLL and T cells revealed inhibition of B-cell receptor and NF-kB signaling in tumor cells, and increased proliferation and activation gene signatures in CD3+ T cells. The proportion of Ki-67+ CD8 T cells increased in 5 out of 13 patients (immune responders) 3 weeks after the first dose of pembrolizumab. Compared with immune non-responders, responders had a significantly higher percentage of CD45RO-CD27+ and CD45RO+CD27+ CD8 T cells. At 6 months, T cell proliferation in all patients was back to baseline and there was no change in TCR clonality at 12 months. In vitro stimulation with CD3 and CD28 antibodies upregulated activation markers on CD8 T cells in all patients, increases in Ki-67 were variable. Overall, responses in patients were weaker than in healthy controls. In summary, pembrolizumab in combination with ibrutinib transiently increased CD8 T cell proliferation in a subset of CLL patients but did not improve the clinical response over ibrutinib.

Features of hemodynamic and immunological parameters in patients with recurrent uveitis complicated by hypertension, Fuchs heterochromic uveitis and Posner-Schlossman syndrome.

Introduction: Uveitis is a disease that manifests with increased vascular permeability and occlusion, with some ischemia and inflammatory mediators. It is characterized by a wide range of pathological processes, including inflammation, increased vascular permeability and occlusion, local ischemia and cell alteration by inflammatory mediators, and is characterized by the presence of complications. Aim: To study the state of ocular hemodynamics by rheoophthalmography, as well as the immune status in patients with idiopathic recurrent anterior uveitis complicated by intraocular hypertension, Fuchs heterochromic uveitis, Posner-Schlossman syndrome, during the relapse period. Materials and methods: 93 patients with idiopathic recurrent anterior uveitis were included in this study, 8 patients with Fuchs' uveitis, and 6 patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. According to clinical signs, relapse and remission were considered. The control group (healthy volunteers of the same age) consisted of 27 people. In this regard, 5 groups of subjects were formed. The mean age of the patients was (M ± SD) 39.2 ± 14.6 years. According to the Median (range), the duration of the disease in patients was 2033 (350-3285) days, intraocular hypertension being recorded at P0 > 20 mm Hg. Statistical analysis was carried out in spreadsheets using STATISTICA 8.0 (StatSoft.Inc) program. Quantitative indicators were evaluated according to the correspondence to the normal distribution and to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. With a normal distribution, arithmetic means (M) and standard deviations (SD), limits of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and Student's t-test were calculated. Results: The volumetric blood filling of the eye according to the rheoophthalmographic indicator RQ during the period of remission of uncomplicated and complicated by hypertension anterior uveitis was reduced by 32.4%-40.5%, respectively, compared with the norm. During the period of relapse, RQ was significantly higher by 28% (p<0.05) than in remission, in the group of uncomplicated uveitis, and in the group of uveitis with increased IOP, no significant differences between the periods of remission and relapse were observed, which reflected the ischemic process in the relapse period. Volumetric blood filling in Fuchs and Posner-Schlossman syndromes in the acute period did not differ from the norm. Cellular immunity in the groups of uncomplicated and complicated by intraocular hypertension idiopathic uveitis, as well as with Fuchs and Posner-Schlossman syndromes, had a higher level of CD4 helper lymphocytes and a lower level of CD8 suppressor lymphocytes, which reflected higher values of the immunoregulatory index. The increase in the immunoregulatory index is most pronounced in Fuchs and Posner-Schlossman syndromes. Discussion: In the presented study, the incidence of idiopathic recurrent anterior uveitis complicated by intraocular hypertension was 9,9% among all cases of idiopathic recurrent anterior uveitis in one-time period. According to literature, this complicated form of uveitis occurs in 11,5%-46,1% of cases. Most often (up to 92% of cases), the anterior chamber angle was open. Conclusions: Different activity of the mechanisms regulating the balance of cellular and humoral immunity, sensitivity of T-cells to eye antigens in idiopathic anterior uveitis, Fuchs and Posner-Schlossman syndromes was assumed. Peculiarities of eye hemodynamics in these forms of uveitis were also revealed. Abbreviations: IOP = intraocular pressure, IOHS = inflammatory ocular hypertension syndrome, HSV = herpes simplex virus, CMV = cytomegalovirus, OCT = optical coherence tomography, OD = right eye, OS = left eye.

EFFECT OF REPETITIVE RFA ON THE IMMUNEVRESPONSE OF THE PATIENTS WITH INOPERABLE PANCREATIC CANCER

Annually, approximately 500,000 new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are diagnosed worldwide, with the same number of patients dying from this debilitating disease. Treatment resistance in PDAC results from the general immune suppression aggravated by the dense tumor stroma, which acts as a physical barrier to far too many treatment agents. Numerous studies suggest that RFA can trigger tumor-specific immune stimulation along with the disruption of the dense tumor stroma. Despite the immune stimulatory effect of RFA seen after procedure, a long-lasting clinical outcome of this procedure is hard to achieve. We aimed to explore the dynamics of immunological parameters in patients with PDAC treated with repetitive (three rounds of) RFA. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed from patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer who received three RFA treatments in a row, and compared to age-matched healthy controls.&nbsp; Only repetitive, and not a sole, administration&nbsp;&nbsp; of RFA actuated the decrease in protumorigenic cytokines (TGF-β, IL-17) and protumorigenic CD4+CD39+ and naive CD45RA T cells. Our study provides the first evidence on immunomodulatory benefits of repetitive RFA in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Despite the fact that there was no other treatment used in the RFA group we still cannot attribute these immunologic changes to RFA alone. Larger scale studies involving different treatment modalities and complex immune readouts would guarantee more certainty to the clinical advantages of repetitive RFA.&nbsp

Clinical and Immunological Parameters in the Diagnostics of Asthenic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Background: the significance of the asthenic syndrome as one of the most distressing symptoms affecting the clinical outcome of chronic heart failure (CHF), and insufficient understanding of the pathophysiological aspects of asthenia determines the need to study the clinical and biological features of this syndrome in cardiac pathology. Objective: to determine of a number of inflammatory and autoimmune blood parameters in patients with CHF associated with asthenic disorders in comparison with hypertensive disease in relation to clinical and gender-age characteristics of patients. Patients and methods: 62 patients with CHF (study group; 64.4 ± 9.7 years) and 50 patients with hypertensive disease (HD) (comparison group; 55 ± 9.7 years) were examined. Somatic examination included consultation with a cardiologist. Psychometric assessment was performed using the MFI-20 scale and the MLHFQ questionnaire. In patients' blood, leukocyte elastase (LE) activity, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), leukocyte inhibitory index (LII), concentration of CRP, IL-6, and levels of antibodies to S-100B and myelin basic protein were determined. Results: patients with CHF characterized by more pronounced manifestations of all dimensional asthenic disorders compared to patients with HD. The deterioration of CHF patients' quality of life was accompanied by the aggravation of asthenic symptoms on all subscales of the MFI-20 scale. In patients with CHF and HD, multidirectional changes in the leukocyte inhibitory index and significant quantitative differences in other immune parameters compared with the normative values were detected. CHF associated with asthenia was characterized by decreased activity of the blood proteolytic system (decrease in LII), a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6, CRP and antibodies to S-100B in the blood of patients compared to comparison group. Negative correlations between LE activity and several dimensions of the MFI-20 scale, and positive correlations between the severity of general asthenia, patient age, and IL-6 and CRP concentrations indicate the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of asthenic disorders in the cardiac pathology discussed. Conclusion: low activity of blood proteolytic system and high level of inflammation are unfavorable factors in the development of asthenia in chronic heart failure. Qualitative and quantitative features of the spectrum of immunological parameters in patients with CHF are correlated with clinical and genderage characteristics and reflect the severity of both cardiological changes and asthenic symptoms.

Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in patients underwent a moderate COVID-19 and received therapy with janus kinase inhibitor

Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in patients underwent a moderate COVID-19 and received therapy with janus kinase inhibitor

Immunological Parameters in Patients Suffering from Atopic Dermatitis and Either Treated or Non-Treated with Dupilumab

Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the absolute count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, T cells, natural killer cells, B cells and to evaluate the expression of functionally important CD23 and CD200 molecules on B cells in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD), (with and without dupilumab therapy). Materials and Methods: We examined 45 patients suffering from AD – 32 patients without dupilumab treatment (10 men, 22 women, average age 35.0 years), 13 patients with dupilumab treatment (7 men, 6 women, average age 43.4 years) and 30 healthy control (10 men, 20 women, average age 44.7 years). Immunophenotype was examined by flow cytometry (Navios Flow Cytometer – Beckman Coulter). The blood count was examined with a Sysmex XN 3000, Sysmex SP10, microscope DI60 for digital morphology evaluating cell division and microscope Olympus BX40. We compared the absolute count of leukocytes and their subsets, T cells (CD4, CD8), natural killers cells, absolute and relative count of B lymphocytes and expression of surface molecules CD23 and CD200 on B cells in AD patients and in control group. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post-hoc (follow-up multiple comparison) and Dunn’s test with Bonferroni modification of significance level were used for statistical analysis. Results: We confirmed the significantly higher number of neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils and higher expression of CD23 and CD200 on B cells in peripheral blood of AD patients (either with or without dupilumab) therapy. We demonstrated the lower number of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: We demonstrated the difference in the count of white blood cells populations in patients suffering from AD compared with healthy control. There were a differences in the expression of immunoregulatory molecules CD23 and CD200 on B cells in AD patients (either with or without dupilumab therapy) in comparison to healthy controls.

ДИНАМИКА ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАССЕЯННЫМ СКЛЕРОЗОМ ПОСЛЕ ПЕРЕСАДКИ АЛЛОГЕННЫХ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК

Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSSCs) are a unique object for the development of new methods for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to their immunomodulatory properties, stimulation of repair and transdifferentiation processes under certain conditions in the direction of glial cells and even neurons. The article presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the effect of allogeneic MSSC transplantation on some immunological parameters of patients with MS. The most significant changes in the immunological status were observed by 6 months of the post-transplantation period. After therapy with allogeneic MSSCs, there was no pronounced inhibition of the functional state of T-lymphocytes in response to nonspecific stimulation, which indicates the functional viability of immune system cells in maintaining antigenic homeostasis.

Влияние интраназального препарата рекомбинантного интерферона α-2b на динамику клинических, функциональных и иммунологических показателей у пациентов с сочетанным течением аллергического ринита и бронхиальной астмы

Objective. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of intranasal recombinant interferon α-2b-based medicine (Grippferon) on clinical, functional and immunological parameters in patients with concomitant bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). Patients and methods. Twelve children aged between 10 and 17 years were examined. Clinical symptoms and nasal respiratory function, the content of VEGF, interleukins IL-1, -2, -4, -6, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and total IgE in nasal secretions were assessed on days 1 and 31. Results. The study results showed a statistically significant increase in nasal respiratory flow (p = 0.001), a decrease in the severity of nasal (p = 0.002) and sinonasal symptoms (p = 0.0015), a reduction in VEGF concentration in nasal secretions (p = 0.014) and a downward trend in ECP (p = 0.09) and IL-4 (p = 0.10) levels. No statistically significant changes in IL-1, IL-6, and IgE content were found. Conclusion. The intranasal use of recombinant interferon α-2b-based medicine (Grippferon) for prevention of acute respiratory viral infections is well-tolerated by patients with AR and BA with shown notable improvement in nasal respiratory function, decrease in the severity of nasal and sinonasal symptoms and downward trends in the content of several T2 inflammation biomarkers in nasal secretions. Key words: interferon α-2b, cytokines, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, acute respiratory viral infections, prevention, Grippferon

Cellular and Humoral Disorders of the Immune System at Osteoarthritis with Comorbidity of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

The objective: to study the change in immunological parameters in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) under conditions of comorbidity with the digestive tract (DT) diseases, accompanied by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Materials and methods. The study included 304 patients with primary OA in comorbidity with DT diseases, accompanied by EPI out of exacerbation. The comparison group included 30 almost healthy persons. The patients with primary OA were comparable by age, gender and course of primary OA and were divided into 5 groups by type of comorbid pathology of DT organs, accompanied by EPI: the I group (n=62) – patients with primary OA without comorbid pathology, the 2d group (n=59) – patients with primary OA in comorbidity with chronic pancreatitis (CP), the 3d group (n = 60) – patients with primary OA in comorbidity with chronic noncalculous cholecystitis and functional diseases of gallbladder and biliary system, the 4th group (n=61) – patients with primary OA and chronic gastroduodenitis, the 5th group (n=61) – patients with primary OA and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results. The analysis of immunological parameters in patients with primary OA indicated on the statistically significant changes in the studied indicators in all groups compared to the control group (p&lt;0.001), which specifies immunological disorders in the patients. A statistically significant increase in the level of T-lymphocytes in all studied groups was revealed compared to the control group (p&lt;0.001), which indicates the activation of the T-cell link in immunity in patients with primary OA. The presence of negative effects of comorbid gastroenterological diseases in primary OA on the formation of immunodeficiency was determined. Conclusions. A statistically higher level of autoimmune disorders in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) has been established under conditions of comorbidity with gastroenterological diseases, accompanied by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is proved that the deepening and progression of autoimmune disorders in primary OA is affected by the comorbidity of the digestive tract pathology.

Correlation analysis of morphofunctional and immunological parameters in patients with advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE. To study the correlations between the immunological data and the indicators of electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS. Previously, we conducted a multimodal study of patients with advanced stages of glaucoma involving ERG, morphometric and immunological studies. In this new study we performed a correlation analysis of the immunological and morphofunctional data of patients with advanced stages of POAG. The study included 35 patients (35 eyes), among them 19 women and 16 men, who were divided into two groups: group 1 — stage II POAG (12 patients, 12 eyes), and group 2 — stage III POAG (23 patients, 23 eyes). The average age of the subjects was 64.2±6.5 years. Intraocular pressure was compensated in all study patients. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to calculate the linear relationship between continuous features.RESULTS. In the subgroup with stage II POAG significant correlations of moderate strength (according to the Chaddock scale) were found between the parameters of pattern ERG (PERG) and photopic negative response (PhNR) and the level of VEGF-A in the blood serum (BS), EGF in the tear fluid (TF) and aqueous humor (AH); strong correlations — for the concentrations of EGF and TGF-β2 in the AH. In group 2, moderate correlations between PERG and PhNR parameters and the level of IL-1RA in the TF were found, as well as moderate correlation of TGF-β2 expression in the AH with PnHR amplitude from the baseline. In patients with stage II glaucoma, the levels of MIP-1β/CCL4 in the TF, IL-1RA in the intraocular fluid correlated with the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), while the EGF in the TF and AH correlated with RNFL thickness. In the group with stage III POAG, correlations of moderate strength were found for the expression level of TNF-α, IL-8/CXCL8 in the TF and RNFL thickness, and strong correlations — for the level of IP-10/CXCL10, HGF/SF, TGF-β2 in AH and the thickness of RNFL and GCL.CONCLUSION. Comparison of ERG, OCT findings and the level of cytokines of various biological effects in the BS, TF and AH confirmed the high informativeness of PERG and PhNR indicators and immunological data as markers of advanced stages of POAG, and allow EGF to be considered as the most promising pathogenetically oriented immunological marker of II and III stages of glaucoma.

Study of some haematological and immunological parameters in patients infected with giardia lamblia in Najaf Governorate

The current study aimed at finding the relationship between infection of Giardia lamblia and some hematological (complete blood count, concentration of ferritin) and immunological parameters (interleukin-6, interleukin-10), The present study was carried out from June, 2020 to May, 2021. A total of 509 out suspected patients samples and 50 healthy persons , whom have meant the laboratory of AL-Hakeem hospital ,Al Sader General Hospital ,AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics and Al Furat General Hospital in AL-Najaf province.The results of the current study showed a high incidence of injuries among the age group (10-20) As the percentage (52.06%) , While the lowest rate of infection was in the age group (51-60) As the percentage (37.52%),The results of the current study showed a clear decrease in most of the blood parameters in people infected with the parasite Giardia lamblia Compared to the healthy group While the results showed an increase in eosinophilic blood cells in patients infected with the parasite Giardia compared to the healthy group, Result of study revealed that concentration of (IL-6) in male and female patients infected with G. lamblia were significant decrease (P (211.92±13.07pg /ml), (263.75±21.73) respectively in compared to the control group (481.54±19.83pg /ml), (394.66±32.98pg/ml) respectively.