Immunochromatographic Method Research Articles

Detection of AFB1 by Immunochromatographic Test Strips Based on Double-Probe Signal Amplification with Nanobody and Biotin–Streptavidin System

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly toxic and difficult to prevent. It is mainly produced by fungi and exists in plants and animals and is classified by the World Health Organization as a class I carcinogen, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Therefore, it is important to establish an efficient, sensitive, and on-site detection method for AFB1 to protect human health. The immunochromatographic test strip method is simple, sensitive, and can achieve real-time detection. However, traditional immunochromatographic test strips have low sensitivity due to their relatively weak optical properties. In this study, Nb-G8 was biotinylated using a chemical method. Two sizes of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were prepared and combined with biotinylated G8 and streptavidin to form two types of probes. These probes were sprayed on gold standard pads and expanded pads, respectively, to enhance the signals through the high affinity interaction between streptavidin and biotin. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of this method was 5.0 ng/mL and the limit of detection (IC10) was 0.03 ng/mL, which increased the sensitivity of the test strip by four-fold compared with that of the traditional biotinylated nanoantibody immunochromatography test strip and had a wider detection range. In conclusion, the use of a high-affinity amplification signal between biotin and streptavidin is a valuable method for the detection of aflatoxin.

Effectiveness of short treatment duration for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in bloodstream-infections: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveWe analyse the effectiveness of short courses of adequate treatment in patients with episodes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream-infections (CPE-BSI). MethodsPatients with first monomicrobial CPE-BSI episodes who received ≥72 h of appropriate treatment from 2014–2022 were selected. Detection of CPE was established on the basis of phenotypic antibiogram and confirmation by PCR and/or immunochromatographic methods. Patients were classified in short treatment group (STG) those who received 3–10 days of appropriate treatment, and long treatment (LTG) those receiving >10 days. Unfavourable outcome consisted in a composite of global 30-day mortality and/or persistent bacteremia and/or recurrent bacteremia. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed to compare the outcome between the two study groups. ResultsWe included 105 CPE-BSI episodes: 99 were caused by OXA-48-like, 4 VIM and 2 KPC carbapenemases. Thirty-nine patients (37.1%) were included in the STG and 66 (62.9%) in LTG. The STG group presented frequent treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam (43.6% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.03) and lower in-hospital stay (21 days vs. 32 days, P = 0.02). Overall, 28 patients (26.7%) presented unfavourable outcome: IPTW analysis showed no differences in the outcome between STG to LTG groups (24.2% vs. 30.8%, weighted-risk difference 6.6%, P = 0.44). Patients with unfavourable outcome presented more frequently source other than urinary-biliary (46.4% vs. 23.4%, P = 0.02), received less frequently ceftazidime-avibactam (14.3% vs. 37.7%, P = 0.02) and presented frequently with absence of source control when indicated (28.6% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.06). ConclusionsShort treatment durations for CPE-BSI episodes may be effective, as long as they are appropriate and source control is performed.

Rapid determination of α-lactalbumin in raw cow's milk and recombined milk using an immunochromatographic assay strip analysis method

α-Lactalbumin (α-La) is a common allergenic protein in dairy products, posing a potential hazard to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient and sensitive analytical method to assess the α-La content in food. After screening by cell fusion assay, we obtained a pair of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (mAb 1 and 9). The calculated limit of detection of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 3.99 ng/mL. By labeling mAbs with colloidal gold, we developed a sensitive and rapid immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip method for the detection of α-La in dairy products. The established ICA strips showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of α-La, with a calculated limit of detection and a visual limit of detection of 10.33 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries for the determination of raw cow's milk and recombined milk using ICA strips ranged from 97.60% to 102.96%. The ICA strips showed good correlation with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method when analyzing actual samples. The above results indicated that both methods can be used for the determination of α-La in dairy products.

Which one is more dangerous in childhood Rotavirus or Adenovirus?

Objective: Determination of the frequency of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in patients diagnosed with gastroenteritis in the Pediatric Polyclinic of our hospital by immunochromatographic method and retrospective evaluation of the change in the distribution of the agent according to age, gender and vaccination status. Method: Those patients with complaints of diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and fever as well as those diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis were evaluated by taking fresh stool samples between January 2015 and November 2020. The data were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: The number of acute gastroenteritis patients included in the study was 1,192. The mean age of the patients was 18±SD months (min: 1 month, max: 180 months). Adenovirus and Rotavirus antigens were detected in 10% of all cases (n=119). Rotavirus antigen was positive in 6.6% (n=78) and Adenovirus antigen was positive in 3.1% (n=38) of all cases. The hospitalization rate was 5.1 times higher in Rotavirus positive cases (p

Identification of Urine Cotinine in Secondhand Smoke and its Association with Socio-Environmental

Background: Exposure to cigarette smoke not only affects active smokers but also endangers passive smokers, leading to various health problems. However, research on passive smokers is still very limited, particularly regarding the relationship with socio-environmental factors. Cotinine is the primary metabolite of nicotine consumption and can serve as a biomarker for tobacco use and its derivatives; moreover, its presence is associated with poor health risks. Socio-environmental conditions are influential factors in smoking behavior, but the relationship between these factors and cotinine identification in passive smokers has not been fully studied. This study aimed to identify cotinine in passive smokers and their relationship with socio-environmental conditions. Methods: This study utilized an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size consisted of 53 passive smokers who had never actively smoked and were over 15 years old. Urine cotinine was identified using a competitive immunochromatography method, and profile of passive smokers was obtained through questionnaires. The collected data were then statistically analyzed. Results: The results showed that 36 samples tested positive for cotinine (67.90%), with the majority being females (28 individuals; 77.80%). Statistical tests indicated a significant relationship between urine cotinine identification and exposure location (p<0.001) and exposure frequency (p<0.001). In contrast, factors such as sex (p=0.570) and occupation (p=0.861) did not show a significant relationship with the identification of cotinine in passive smoker’s urine. Conclusion: Factors such as exposure location and exposure frequency are related to cotinine identification, whereas sex and occupation are not related to cotinine identification in passive smoker’s urine.

Risk Factors and Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Badin City, Pakistan

Hepatitis is a global health concern, and its ever increasing prevalence in Pakistan has highlighted the need to study its epidemiology and develop preventative strategies. Objective: To determine the frequency and identify the risk factors associated with hepatitis virus infections B and C among the population of Badin city. Methods: Seven hundred sixty-seven people were tested for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) using immunochromatographic methods. Additional testing was performed on blood samples from individuals who tested positive for hepatitis, and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to determine the viral load. Results: A total of 767 individuals had hepatitis. Among these, the research found that HCV was more common than HBV. However, men were more affected than women. Data on the exposure to risk factors for hepatitis B and C among the patients in our study are presented in Table 2 Of the 767 respondents, 473 (61.7%) were shaved from a barber/beauty parlour. Approximately 358 (46.7%) patients with hepatitis reused syringes. Drug addiction was observed in 66 (8.6%) patients. A history of blood transfusion was observed in 73 patients (9.5 %). Obstetrical procedures, ear pricks, and nose piercings were reported in 195 (68.1%), 245 (85.7%) and 240 (83.9%) female patients with hepatitis, respectively. Conclusions: Barbers, blood transfusions, and intravenous drug use are the most common risk factors for the spread of HBV and HCV are barbers, blood transfusions, and Intravenous Drug Use (IDUs), although newer variables, including piercings of the nose and ears and IDPs, also contribute

Janus plasmonic-aggregation induced emission nanobeads as high-performance colorimetric–fluorescent probe of immunochromatographic assay for the ultrasensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk

Herein, a colorimetric–fluorescent hybrid bifunctional nanobead with Janus structure (J-cf-HBN) was synthesized via one-pot microemulsification. Oleylamine-coated AuNPs and aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) were suggested as building blocks to obtain high-performance colorimetric–fluorescent signals. The as-prepared J-cf-HBNs were used as a signal amplification probe to construct an immunochromatographic assay (J-cf-HBNs-ICA) platform for the ultrasensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk samples. Owing to the rational spatial distribution of AuNPs and AIEgens, the J-cf-HBNs present a highly retained photoluminescence and enhanced colorimetric signals. Combined with a pair of highly affinitive anti-SEB antibodies, the J-cf-HBN-ICA platform enabled the fast naked-eye visualization and fluorescent quantitative detection of SEB in various milk matrices. Given the advantages of the dual-mode high-performance J-cf-HBNs, the proposed strip achieved a high sensitivity for SEB qualitative determination with a visual limit of detection (LOD) of 1.56 ng mL−1 and exhibited ultrasensitivity for SEB quantitative detection with a LOD of 0.09 ng mL−1, which is 139-fold lower than that of ELISA using same antibodies. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into the construction of multimode immunochromatographic methods for food safety detection in the field.

Comparison of two different serological methods in the diagnosis of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in stool samples

Objective: Rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea in children under 5 years of age worldwide. This study aims to compare the immunochromatographic and ELISA methods, determine the sensitivity and specificity of the methods used, and shed light on humanity to diagnose the disease correctly. Method: Stool samples of 1000 patients sent to Diyarbakır Pediatrics Hospital for rapid antigen testing of Rotavirus were studied. Single-stage Rotavirus and Adenovirus Co-immunochromatographic and ELISA methods were used in the examination of the samples. Samples with positive rapid test results were taken into 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes, and positive antigen samples collected for the ELISA test were stored at -80°C until the time to be studied. Results: Of 1000 stool samples analyzed, 40 (11.59%) of 345 girls and 60 (9.16%) of 655 boys had Rotavirus antigen in a total of 100 (10%) and 20 (2%) had Adenovirus antigen (P> 0.05). Viral antigen-positive cases were seen most frequently in winter months (December, January, February). There was no statistically significant difference between the data in terms of age and gender (P

Rapid immunochromatographic method of carbapenemase detection as a guide for faster and more cost-effective decision-making in a clinical laboratory

Rapid immunochromatographic method of carbapenemase detection as a guide for faster and more cost-effective decision-making in a clinical laboratory

Overview of HbsAg Testing Results for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Ciamis Hospital

Background & Objective: Chronic renal failure is a slow and incurable disease. Regular treatment can halt the deterioration of kidney function, with kidney transplantation and hemodialysis being the most common options. However, hemodialysis patients are at risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus due to the use of repeated vascular access and high frequency of hemodialysis. This study aims to describe the results of HBsAg examination in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo hemodialysis. Method: The research is a descriptive study that used a purposive sampling technique and was conducted in May-June 2022. The study included 44 chronic renal failure patients who underwent HBsAg examination using the Immunochromatography method. Result: The study's results showed that all 44 respondents (100%) who underwent hemodialysis had negative HBsAg examination results, indicating that they were not exposed to the Hepatitis B virus. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study indicates that chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis are not at risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus. Further research could include quantitative Hepatitis B antibody examinations.

Quantitative detection of mpox antigen using time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography.

Recently, concern has been raised about the spread of human mpox virus, and the demand for rapid detection reagents for mpox virus has increased. This study aims to establish a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography (TRFICO) method for qualitative/quantitative detection of mpox virus. A double-antibody sandwich TRFICO method was optimized and established using mpox recombinant fusion antigen and its paired monoclonal antibody. The test performance of the method was evaluated using mpox fusion antigen and control serum, including sensitivity, linearity range, specificity, precision, and reference interval. We successfully established a TRFICO method for qualitative/quantitative detection of mpox antigen, its linearity range 0-100ng/mL, analytical sensitivity 0.017ng/mL, and reference intervals greater than 0.045ng/mL. No cross-reaction was detected with various poxvirus and clinical negative controls, with good specificity. All average recoveries of the intra- and inter-batch ranged from 81.33% to 97.83%, and all CVs were below 10%. Additionally, the TRFICO strips can be stably stored at 37°C for 7days without significant changes in the fluorescence intensity. This TRFICO method, with high sensitivity, linearity range, specificity, precision, and stability with 16-min detection time, provides a new option for qualitative/quantitative and convenient testing of mpox virus.

Seroprevalencija virusa mačje leukemije i mačje imunodeficijencije u kućnih mačaka iz Pereire, Risaralda, Kolumbija

In Colombia, the increase in the population of domestic cats is directly related to outbreak diseases and associated with risks to domestic and wild animal health. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are two retroviral agents representing the most significant cause of feline morbimortality. Since they can be easily transmitted between cats through body fluids, these viruses can cause neoplastic and non-neoplastic alterations, immunosuppression, non-specific chronic diseases, and infections by opportunistic microorganisms. In order to improve animal health status and prevent these diseases from spreading, a timely and reliable diagnosis is necessary to detect these infectious agents. However, due to factors such as the distribution, size, mobility, and growth of the population of domestic felines, the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with the presentation of these viruses are currently unknown. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 100 domestic felines were sampled. The simultaneous diagnosis of the viruses was performed using whole blood samples for feline leukaemia and blood plasma for feline immunodeficiency and analysed by the Uranotest FeLV-FIV immunochromatographic dual method. The presence of infectious agents was correlated with study variables such as gender, age, origin, and feline habits. A prevalence of 14% for FIV and only 6% for FeLV was observed, with a 2% incidence of coinfection. Correlations were observed between infection and the age of the animals and their place of origin. The results allow us to know the current state of the spread of these infectious agents, which is essential for making decisions about animal health departmental prevention plans.

Фитосанитарный мониторинг овощебахчевых и плодовых культур Астраханской области

The diagnosis of diseases of vegetable, melon and fruit crops in the Astrakhan region was conducted using the immunochromatographic method. The presence of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections was detected on plants in personal subsidiary farms. The research results indicate a deterioration of the phytosanitary situation in the region, characterized by the development of pathogens not only on host plants but also on representatives of phylogenetically distant families. Keywords: CROPS, PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING, PHYTOPATHOGENS, ASTRAKHAN REGION

LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND TOTAL PROTEIN IN MALARIA AND HIV CO INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN, ATTENDING THE ANTENATAL CLINIC OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NNEWI, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA.

The goal of the study was to quantify the levels of C reactive protein and protein in pregnant HIV-positive malaria-infected women. Pregnant women in HIV stages 1 and 2 who were 18 to 40 (36.98 + 5.49) years old participated in the study. The participant groups consisted of 80 HIV-positive pregnant women with 40 co-infected with malaria and 80 HIV-negative pregnant women with 40 co-infected with malaria. Blood samples were obtained from participants for the thick and thin film methods of counting and identifying malaria parasites and the immunochromatographic method of determining HIV status. The total protein content of the serum was determined using the Biuret method, and the violetcoloured solution that was produced was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. The Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay using the Human CRP kit method was employed to measure the level of CRP in the participants’ blood sample and the developed yellow coloured solution read at 450 nm using a spectrophotometer. In all cases, there was a statistically significant difference in protein and CRP levels between the HIV seropositive group with malaria infection (p<0.05) and HIV seropositive group without malaria infection. The mean protein and CRP level of HIV-positive pregnant women who have malaria infection was statistically lower than that of HIV-positive pregnant women who do not have malaria but statistically higher than those of HIV-negative pregnant women with and without malaria infection. The study suggests that pregnant HIV-positive women do experience a heightened increase in protein and CRP levels majorly due to HIV. However, malaria infection also contributes to the level of increase seen in these parameters in pregnant women with the coinfection.

HELICOBACTER PYLORI – BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND METHODS OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

The spring period - in that time the relevance of diagnostics related to Helicobacter pylori infection forces us to pay more attention to the cohort of patients with gastrointestinal tract pathology. Most often, these are patients with exacerbation of chronic gastritis (CH) and peptic ulcer disease (UD) of the stomach and duodenum, the typical course of which involves the seasonality of exacerbations: spring and autumn. Among other criteria of a "typical" course, infection with H. pylori, which is the cause of these diseases and without its destruction in the body, it is impossible to achieve clinical remission of H. pylori-associated diseases and prevent their recurrence. Before prescribing therapy, the causative agent must be identified, and after treatment, its eradication must be confirmed. The severity of chronic diseases of helicobacterial etiology depends on the degree of pathogenicity of the strains, the presence of certain cytotoxic genes. The review analyzes modern information on the biological properties of the causative agent of helicobacteriosis and methods of its diagnosis. They can be divided into invasive (requires taking a biopsy during endoscopic examination) and non-invasive. Bacteriological and morphological research methods are distinguished among the invasive ones. The histological method is recognized as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of helicobacteriosis. The essence of the method consists in the preparation of preparations of the gastric mucosa and their Giemsa staining in order to detect bacterial cells in the preparation. The method allows you to determine the characteristics of the causative agent and assess the condition of the gastric mucosa. The bacteriological method is considered indispensable for checking strains for resistance to certain antibacterial drugs, which allows predicting the results of treatment. Currently, non-invasive diagnostic methods have become the most widespread. Along with the respiratory urease test, serological methods are used (immunoenzyme analysis, immunoblotting), as well as the immunochromatographic method. The molecular diagnostic method, namely PCR, is used to study the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of H. pylori strains in gastric biopsy samples, saliva, stools, gastric juice, and dental plaque. PCR provides excellent sensitivity and specificity of over 95% compared to other tests.

Immunochromatographic method based on PCN-222 with dual-signal output for the rapid and sensitive detection of furazolidone metabolites in animal-derived food

The residues of furazolidone and its metabolites (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone [AOZ]) in food would have adverse effects on humans. Herein, a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-signal output immunochromatographic method with a zirconium-based porphyrin metal-organic framework (PCN-222) as the signal label was developed for the detection of 3-[(4-carboxyphenyl) monomethyl] amino-2-oxazolidinone (CPAOZ), a derivative of furazolidone metabolite. PCN-222 was synthesized using the solvothermal method, and the material was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction, which proved the successful synthesis of PCN-222. Synthesized PCN-222, as a nanotag, was bound to antibodies to prepare PCN-222-mAbs with dual optical properties. Under the optimized conditions, PCN-222- lateral flow assay (LFA) exhibited a great linear relationship in the range of 0.25–100 ng/mL. The visual limit detection of CPAOZ using colorimetric and fluorescent signals were 1.0 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively, and the sensitivity was 5- and 10-fold higher than that of the colloidal gold-based LFA method. In addition, PCN-222-LFA was successfully applied to the detection of CPAOZ in shrimp, chicken and milk samples achieving satisfactory recoveries from 92.34% to 117.44%. This study provides an alternative, convenient and sensitive method for the rapid detection of veterinary drug residues.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rotavirus Infection Frequency in Children

Aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures such as the wearing of masks, social distancing, enhanced hygiene practices, closures of workplaces and schools, and lockdowns influenced the spread of various infectious diseases. This study aimed to compare the frequency of rotavirus infections during the pandemic to that of the pre-pandemic period.
 Methods: This retrospective study included 2912 patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis who were admitted to the Pediatric Health and Diseases Department of Hisar Intercontinental Hospital between January 2018 and August 2022. For the diagnosis of rotavirus infection, the Rota-Adeno Ag Rapid Test-Cassette was applied to stool samples as an immunochromatographic method. Patients were divided into two groups based on their hospital admission dates: before the COVID-19 pandemic (1 January 2018 to 10 March 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (11 March 2020 to 30 August 2022).
 Results: The prevalence of rotavirus infection in the entire population was 9.5% (n=277). The rate of cases of rotavirus infection was higher among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the group of patients before the COVID-19 pandemic (10.9% vs. 8.7%, p=0.050). A sharp decline in the frequency of rotavirus infection was observed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, followed by a sharp increase. In 2022, the frequency of rotavirus infections exceeded the pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels.
 Conclusion: The provision of the rotavirus vaccine for free by health authorities, especially for at-risk infants, together with adherence to hand washing, hygiene, and sanitation rules can significantly reduce the frequency of rotavirus infections during both pandemic and non-pandemic periods.

Levels of Interleukin -17, Interleukin-23 and Alkalinephosphatase in Patients Serum with Helicobacter pylori

The study was carried out to detection of H.pylori in (218) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis was done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples was taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in age. The study included detection the Levels of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, and Alkaline phosphatase in sera of patients and healthy control. The result indicated presence of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases of males and 51 of females, Also, the result indicated increasing levels of IL-17 and IL-23 and Alkalinephosphatase in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.

Age characteristics and possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhea in children in the tashkent city

Objective: to study the age characteristics of pathogens of infectious diarrhea in children and evaluate the possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of intestinal infections in the Tashkent city. Material and methods. The study included 360 children aged 6 months to 18 years, hospitalized in Tashkent with a diagnosis of “Acute diarrhea”. Diagnosis of intestinal infection was carried out by bacteriological, immunochromatographic and PCR methods using RIDA®QUICK tests (R - BIOPHARM AG, Germany) and kits from Inter Lab Service “AmpliSens® OKI screen-FL”. Results. Analysis showed that the majority (56.7%) of children with diarrhea belonged to the age group of 3-7 and 7-14 years. In the etiological structure of diarrhea, the main share was occupied by viral and bacterial agents (30% and 45.8%, respectively). In 3.6% of cases parasitic diarrhea was observed and in 20.6% of patients the etiology of diarrhea remained unclear. A comparative evaluation of laboratory methods demonstrated the high efficiency of immunochromatographic and PCR methods compared with bacteriological examination in terms of early diagnosis of the etiological agent of diarrhea and the identification of viral pathogens. Conclusions. In children in the younger age group, diarrhea of viral etiology is more often observed, in contrast to older age groups, where bacterial ones are more common. Immunochromatographic and PCR methods enable earlier diagnosis of the causative agent of diarrhea and, consequently, the start of etiotropic treatment.

Socio-Demography, Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Gastroenteritis Caused by Rotavirus in Diarrheic Children Living in Edo State, Nigeria

Rotaviruses are one of the vital causative agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children worldwide. This study aimed to present socio-demographic, clinical features and risk factors of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus in diarrheic children living in Edo State, Nigeria. This study was done using a descriptive cross-sectional survey of AGE in 400 participants (diarrheic children less than 5 years) admitted to four hospitals in Edo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical information from study participants. Rotavirus antigen in stool samples collected from the study participants was detected by the immunochromatographic method. Twenty (5.0%) tested positive for rotavirus antigen out of the 400 stool samples examined. A large proportion of the participants were aged one year (24.3%). A large percentage of the participants were exposed to exclusive breastfeeding (94.8%) while 33.5% of this group were exclusively breastfed for a period ranging from 3 to 6 months. Blood and mucous were present in the stool of 66.5% and 74.5% of participants, respectively. Age and exclusive breastfeeding of the participants were the main factors that were associated with the risk of acquiring rotavirus infection. No significant association was observed between the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents/caregivers of the study participants and rotavirus infection. This study shows a significant decline in the incidence of rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years in Edo State, Nigeria; thus, suggesting that the risk of acquiring rotavirus infection might be abating in this age group in Edo State.