Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Research Articles

A Microtiter Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for Hepatitis a Antigen and Antibody

A microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassy for hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and antibody (anti-HA) was developed. The test was more sensitive than immune adherence hemagglutination for detecting HA Ag and almost as sensitive for detecting anti-HA. The specificity and sensitivity of reagents were examined and optimum conditions for the test were determined. Radioimmunoassay, immune adherence hemagglutination, and immune electron microscopy were compared for detecting anti-HA. A serologic response to HA Ag was detected in paired sera from patients with type A hepatitis but not from patients with type B or non-A, non-B hepatitis by all three techniques.

Determination of HBcAg and anti-HBc by immune adherence hemagglutination and association of HBcAg with e antigen.

Determination of HBcAg and anti-HBc by immune adherence hemagglutination and association of HBcAg with e antigen.

Determination of Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen by Means of Immune Adherence Hemagglutination

A simple and rapid method utilizing immune adherence hemagglutination has been developed for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAG) was prepared from Dane particles that had been isolated from plasma of asymptomatic antigen carriers. The method was specific and about 10 times more sensitive than the conventional complement-fixation method. A total of 215 serum samples obtained from healthy blood donors were surveyed for HBsAG and anti-HEc, as well as for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAG (anti-HBs). Anti-HBc was found in 36 serum samples, at a prevalence rate higher than that of anti-HBs (31/215)...

Hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum of infants after delivery from asymptomatic carrier mothers

A survey of sera of 5,993 pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen in Tokyo revealed 139 asymptomatic carriers (2.3%), essentially the same as that of a control population of comparable age group (2.2%). None of 59 specimens of cord blood of their newborn infants was positive for HBsAg according to an immune adherence hemagglutination assay. In 11 mother-child pairs in whom follow-up was possible for more than seven months, HBsAg was detected in the sera of eight infants within the first six months, after birth, with antigenemia persisting throughout the observation period, while antigenemia was not detected in the remaining three. The subtype of HBsAg was identical for each mother-child pair. The antigen was detected in sera of two of the infants after appropriate incubation periods of 123 and 133 days, respectively, whereas in others it was detected as early as 5 and 13 days after delivery.

An improved method for preparation of stable antigen coupled erythrocytes for passive hemolysis

The mild fixation of erythrocytes with glutaraldehyde prior to coupling to them with bis-diazotized benzidin, gave stable cells for passive hemolysis without affecting their hemolytic behavior. Furthermore, the use of proper amounts of bis-diazotized benzidin and antigen was antoher important factor in obtaining stable cells. Cells prepared in this way could be stored in phosphate buffer at low temperature, for at least 2 weeks without loss of maximal hemolytic titer and showed slight spontaneous hemolysis. The conditions described could be used with several proteins which differed in their physicochemical properties. Antigen coupled cells were also useful for immune adherence hemagglutination.

Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody in a Rural Community

To examine the universal validity of results in preceding reports on hepatitis B antigen among inhabitants of Yachiho village, 4015 farmers in Nagano were investigated. Hepatitis B antigen were detected for 24 persons with single radial immunodiffusion method. The incidence of 0.6 per cent with the insensitive method was compatible with 1.3 per cent in the village with immune adherence hemagglutination method. The prefecture was devided into four areas. The areas where hepatitis B antigen was prevalent persons with elevated transaminase value were frequent.

栃木県輸血用血液のAu抗原および抗Au抗体の頻度

Detection of Australia-antigen and anti-Au antibody was performed by Immune Adherence Hemagglutination and passive hemagglutination technique.Positive rates of Au-antigen and antibody were 2.5% and 21% respectirely. Higher frequency of Au-antigen was observed in younger age group than in older age group. Positive rate of Au-antigen and antibody in blood group O donors was higher than in other ABO Blood group donors.

Comparative Sensitivity of Immimoelectroosmophoresis and Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Tests for the Detection of Australia Antigen

Comparative Sensitivity of Immimoelectroosmophoresis and Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Tests for the Detection of Australia Antigen

Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody in a Rural Community (Report 1)

Hepatitis B antigen and antibody were examined on 1, 984 adults in a village;for antigen with immune adherence hemagglutination method and for antibody with passive hemagglutionation method. Antigen were detected for 25 and antibody for 398 sera.The prevalence of 1.3 per cent for the antigen with this method is lower than that suspected from blood donors in Tokyo. Higher frequency was found in male, and in youth.In elderly persons, however, rather high prevalence was found than suspected before.

肝炎B抗原と輸血後肝炎

One-hundred and four patients operated at Saku Central Hospital between September 1971 and January 1972 were followed; hepatitis B antigen with immuneadherence hemagglutination technique, hepatitis B antibody with passive hemagglutination technique, and transaminases.Antigen incidence were 0.96 per cent in the patients and 1.62 per cent in blood donors. Among 9 recipients of hepatitis B antigen positive blood, 3 suffered from hepatitis (and one died with antigenemia). Another 4 patients developed hepatitis B antibody. The remaining 2 patients showed transient elevation of transaminases on the next day.In the remaining 95 patients, I was antigen carrier. Four developed hepatitis, one of them became hepatitis B antigen carrier afterwards. Eight postoperatively developed antibody, which could not be detected preoperatively.All 13 patients detected antibody preoperatively, were uneventful except one of the antigen positive blood transfused patients, whose serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase elevated to 152 units.

Hepatitis Associated Antigen and Antibody in A-Bomb Survivors and Nonexposed Subjects in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Using a method of immune adherence hemagglutination, hepatitis associated antigen was found in 4.09% of males and 2.10% of females in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The prevalence of positive antigen tests among those heavily exposed to atomic radiation was higher, but not significantly different from those exposed to low doses. Anti-HAA antibody was present in about 10% of males and 12% of females, and the lowest rates were present in persons over 60 years. The prevalence of antibody was similar in heavily and lightly exposed A-bomb survivors. These results were considered to represent limited evidence against altered host-antigen or antibody forming mechanisms as delayed effects of atomic radiation.

Australia antigen in Singapore Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison groups: influence of technique sensitivity on differential frequencies.

AbstractIn a previous study using electro‐osmodiffusion, the frequency of Australia antigen (Au) in Singapore Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2.6%) was no higher than that in comparison groups. Three possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy between this result and the differentially higher Au frequencies reported by others have occurred to us. The first relates to differences in the sensitivities of the techniques employed for Au detection. A second possibility is that the age distribution of Singapore patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may differ from that of patients studied elsewhere. Thirdly, differences in Au frequencies may reflect real biological differences between HCC patients in various countries. In this series, using the more sensitive technique of immune adherence haemagglutination, the frequency of Au in HCC patients (35.3%) was more than four times higher than in any comparison group. These findings indicate that Chinese patients in Singapore have lower Au titres than appear to be present in African patients. The previous failure to detect a higher Au frequency in Singapore HCC patients relative to comparison groups can be explained by the difference in sensitivities of the techniques employed. Whether factors such as ethnic type contribute to geographic differences in the Au titres of HCC patients remains to be investigated.

Human red cells receptors and immune adherence haemagglutination.

Trois types d'hematies humaines sont decrites (fortes, faibles, negatives) selon leur reactivite dans l'adherence serologique (agglutination d'hematies humaines, exposees a un couple antigene-anticorps, en presence du complement). Ces differences individuelles sont dues a un recepteur dont la presence sur les hematies positives, est demontree directement (adsorbtion des reactifs sur les hematies positives) et indirectement (perte de la reactivite par trypsinisation, inhibition de la reaction et preparation de serums specifiques anti-recepteur).

Frequency of Australia antigen in blood donors in Singapore.

There is increasing agreement that Australia antigen (Au)-positive subjects should not be accepted as blood donors. This practice is being adopted in Western countries where the frequency of Au is approximately 0.1%. The frequency of Au is much higher 1 in tropical countries. The serum samples of 98.4% (2,563) of all donors in January 1971 were screened by electro-osmodiffusion (EOD) 2 in order to investigate the frequency of Au in blood donors in Singapore (Table 1). The Au carrier rate was relatively high. An ethnic difference in carrier rate in that Chinese had a higher frequency than Malays, Indians, and others was observed. All except nine serum samples were reexamined for Au by immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) (Table 2). The IAHA is approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than EOD. 3 Twice the number of Au carriers were detected by the more sensitive technique. The ethnic difference suggested by the EOD

Immune adherence hemagglutination for detection of Australia antigen.

The phenomenon of immune adherence was first described by Lavern and Mesnil 1 and Levaditi 2 at the beginning of this century. In 1953, Nelson 3 defined the general principle that antigen-antibody complement complex adheres to primate erythrocytes or to nonprimate platelets and postulated the concept of immune adherence for this fundamental immunological phenomenon. Immune adherence hemagglutination technique (IAHA) and the participation of complement components in this reaction were described by Nishioka (1963) 4 and by Nishioka and Linscott (1963). 1 We found that the first four complement components, ie, Cl, C4, C2, and C3 reacted with antigen-antibody complex which resulted in positive adherence of human erythrocytes. This finding led to the discovery of other complement components required for immune hemolysis. If constant amounts of any two of the three variables (antigen, antibody, and complement) are employed, the third variable can be quantitated. This method measures as little as

Familial Clustering of Asymptomatic Carriers of Australia Antigen and Patients with Chronic Liver a Disease or Primary Liver Cancer

From sera from 54 persons from three families with the clustering of chronic liver disease and primary liver cancer, Australia antigen (Au antigen) and the antibodies against Au antigen (anti-Au) were tested by means of the immune adherence hemagglutination method. Au antigen was positive in 14 (93%) out of 15 of the affected members and their siblings, and also positive in 20 (83%) out of the 24 children of the female siblings. In contrast, Au antigen was negative in seven out of the eight children of the male siblings, and also negative in six spouses of the siblings so far tested. Anti-Au was detected only in one of the wives of the Au antigen-positive males. From these findings and from a review of familial cirrhosis in the-Japanese literature, it is suggested that, in certain kindreds, Au antigen or an Au antigenrelated infective agent is transmitted from mother to child, and is also responsible for the development of the carrier state, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and eventual primary liver cancer.

Australia antigen in Singapore. II. Differential frequency in Chinese, Malays and Indians.

SummaryThe immune adherence haemagglutination test (IAHA) was demonstrated to be more sensitive than electro‐osmodiffusion (EOD) for the detection of Australia antigen (Au) in Singapore blood donors. IAHA titres of less than 1024 are rarely detected by EOD.Au frequency in each of the four ethnic groups showed a significant difference between the high frequency of Au found in Chinese (8.2%) in comparison to Au in Malays (4.7%), Indians (2.9%) and others (1.3%). The differential ethnic susceptibility to Au carriage is discussed.

Detection of Australia Antigen by Means of Immune Adherence Haemagglutination Test

Detection of Australia Antigen by Means of Immune Adherence Haemagglutination Test

Detection of Australia Antigen by Means of Immune Adherence Haemagglutination Test

Detection of Australia Antigen by Means of Immune Adherence Haemagglutination Test

Evaluation of Frequency of Australia Antigen in Blood Donors of Tokyo by Means of Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Technique

Vox SanguinisVolume 19, Issue 3-4 p. 332-337 Evaluation of Frequency of Australia Antigen in Blood Donors of Tokyo by Means of Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Technique K. Okochi, Corresponding Author K. Okochi Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoBlood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan)Search for more papers by this authorM. Mayumi, M. Mayumi Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorY. Haguino, Y. Haguino Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorN. Saito, N. Saito Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this author K. Okochi, Corresponding Author K. Okochi Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoBlood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan)Search for more papers by this authorM. Mayumi, M. Mayumi Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorY. Haguino, Y. Haguino Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorN. Saito, N. Saito Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital, Hongo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this author First published: September‐October 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1970.tb01535.xCitations: 26AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue3-4September‐October 1970Pages 332-337 RelatedInformation