Immigration Issues Research Articles

A Historical Perspective on the Conditions for the Rise of Far-Right Parties in Scandinavia

Summary Subject and purpose of work: This article analyzes the factors depicted in the literature as essential for the emergence of far-right parties and assesses the importance of unemployment, immigration and political establishments in the failures of the far-right wing parties in Sweden and Finland in early 2000s. Materials and methods: Multi-methods approach is used in this study including case studies and a novel technique based on Boolean algebra. Results: The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that the correlation between unemployment rates and the electoral strength of far-right parties is weak and does not support simplistic thesis such as high unemployment leads to extremism. Moreover, despite objectively favorable conditions in terms of high immigration rates, the presence of non-European immigrants in a country does not in itself explain the emergence of far-right parties. Conclusions: The study points to the importance of political factors such as the differences between the mainstream parties and tackling the immigration issue by the Liberal Party in Sweden and the wide ideological span of the coalition government and the role of Finland’s special relationship with the USSR that militated against the emergence of far-right parties in these countries.

Existential Threats of Immigration and Terrorism Predict Voting for Brexit and Trump

The year 2016 witnessed historic political change with the ascension to power of Donald Trump and the UK’s vote to leave the European Union (i.e. Brexit). Research has sought to explain these once-deemed unlikely events, yet an evolutionary theoretical account remains unexplored. From a life history perspective, a rise in existential threat, potentially caused by increased media coverage of the War in Syria and immigration issues, may have prompted a shift to a faster life history strategy (LHS)/pace of life syndrome (POLS). Immediate answers were sought despite long-term consequences. In this multiple study paper, we shed light on this thesis. Firstly, in establishing a perceived increase in existential threats between 2014 and 2016. Secondly, by examining if LHS/POLS and associated proxies, as well as fear of terrorism and immigration predicted voting for Brexit or Trump. Trump voters feared terrorism, and Brexit voters feared immigration, but LHS/POLS was not directly, nor ultimately influential in their vote choice; however, for those that did not vote, it was. Nevertheless, other life history proxies were important factors in voting. Thus, the link between LHS/POLS and voting is complex but affords new insight into voter psychology during the EU referendum and US presidential election.

Policies of European Union countries towards the issue of illegal immigration

Migration is an inherent phenomenon of human societies. It is the movement of people from a place where it is difficult to live to a better place, for socio-political reasons. Migration is either internal within one country or international between countries, And the latter may be legitimate or illegal. The European continent has become a dream for immigrants to live better. But Europe, which has received large numbers of immigrants and has become part of its social, economic and political entity, is beginning to suffer from problems and reflections: security, economic, social and political, in light of the increasing number of immigrants in Europe, which has made European countries since the 1980s changed their policies, And start to legislate laws and procedures and conclude restrictive immigration agreements, leading to the events of September 11, 2001, which made European policies more stringent towards immigration, to develop those policies after the Arab Renaissance revolutions in 2011, And what that left, waves of displaced people headed to Europe, thousands of them were received, but as a result of economic difficulties and security and political conditions that some European countries were exposed to, Some European calls have emerged to curb immigration, In light of the differences between the EU countries and the absence of a unified European policy and vision towards immigration, Nevertheless, European countries have formed some partnerships and agreements to combat migration, as well as conducting a set of collective and unilateral restrictive immigration procedures which have led to a reduction in the number of refugees to Europe.

Better immigration: Prisoner’s dilemma game with population change on dynamic network

We investigate immigration issues in terms of the prisoner’s dilemma game with population change on a dynamic network. We propose a relationship updating phase considering individuals’ irrational behavior to demonstrate the dynamics of the game relationship network. Compared with the static network, immigration effectiveness on the dynamic network is significantly improved. By analyzing the influence of immigration volume, it is found that too many immigrants into society together would reduce the immigration effectiveness. However, batch-based immigration can make it insensitive to the volume at the cost of lengthening the time it takes for society to reach equilibrium again after immigration. Detailed simulations reveal that the cooperation level of immigrants can hardly threaten the survival of natives but is the key to immigrants, while the immigrants with abundant relationships do. Besides, the immigration effectiveness is also determined by the temptation to defect, the minimum requirements in society, the death probability, the probability of relationship updating mode and the game experience in terms of regression analysis. In addition, the stability of dynamic society towards immigration events has been demonstrated by analysis of variance.

Human Rights, Conflicts, and Dislocation: The Case of Turkey in a Global Spectrum 

The overall purpose of this study is to explore human rights ramifications in the recent context of Turkey, the forced migration journeys of intellectuals from the country after the failed coup attempt in 2016, their experiences of seeking legal status, and other immigration issues in Europe and the USA focusing on integration and adaptation issues. As a qualitative research conducted through interviews, this paper analyzes implementation of international human rights laws in Turkey by scrutinizing the political practices and their influences on the targeted individuals/groups particularly after the 2016 coup attempt. The findings in this paper will help researchers studying this specific era in Turkey’s historical context in terms of human rights obtain a comprehensive insight through lived and shared experiences of persecuted people.

\u201cIt is good, but I can\u2019t afford it \u2026\u201d potential barriers to adequate prenatal care among Afghan women in Iran: a qualitative study in South Tehran

BackgroundAn estimated 96% of registered refugees in Iran are Afghan. Almost half of them are young women at the reproductive age. The adequate maternity care is crucial for healthy pregnancy. There is limited knowledge regarding the access and adequacy of maternity care among Afghan women in Iran. The reports from ministry of health (MOH) implicate higher prevalence of perinatal complications in Afghan population. This mainly attributed to the inadequate prenatal care during pregnancy. Therefore, this paper explores the potential barriers to prenatal care among Afghan women in Iran.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, thirty pregnant Afghan women were recruited at three community health centers with the highest number of Afghan visitors in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in Persian language using an interview guide. The interviewers were two bilingual Afghan graduate midwifery students. Each interview lasted for an hour. The questions regarding the concerns and experienced obstacles in seeking prenatal care were asked. The interviews were transcribed into original language (Persian) and analyzed using content analysis and further translated back into English. The main themes were extracted grouping the similar codes and categories after careful consideration and consensus between the researchers.ResultsThe financial constraints and lack of affordable health insurance with adequate coverage of prenatal care services, particularly the diagnostic and screening tests, were the most frequent reported obstacles by Afghan women. In addition, personnel behavior, transportation issues, stigma and discrimination, cultural concerns, legal and immigration issues were also mentioned as the source of disappointment and inadequate utilization of such services.ConclusionsThe findings of present study emphasize the necessity of available and most importantly, affordable prenatal care for Afghan women in Iran. Providing an affordable health insurance with adequate coverage of prenatal and delivery services, could reduce the financial burden, facilitate the access, and ensure the maternal and child health in this vulnerable population. The issues of fear and concern of deportation must be removed for at least illegal Afghan mothers to ensure their access to maternity care and improve the health of both mother and offspring.

Sara Nelson on Next-Gen Leadership and Helping People Find Their Own Power

Sara Nelson on Next-Gen Leadership and Helping People Find Their Own Power

Of Basement Kitchens and Filthy Lodges: Spaces in Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and Hage’s Cockroach

This paper investigates the spaces that immigrants occupy in Kiran Desai’s novel The Inheritance of Loss (2006) and Rawi Hage’s novel Cockroach (2008). It explores the representation of menial jobs that immigrants take with low wages in ethnic restaurants; it also highlights how bourgeois compradors exploit immigrants’ vulnerabilities because they are undocumented workers. The paper also tackles the issue of immigration in the context of globalization and neoliberalism. It also aims at examining how each novelist portrays the anguishes of the two protagonists, Biju in Desai’s novel and the unnamed narrator in Hage’s novel, in the underground worlds where immigrants work and live. The paper uses Henri Lefebvre’s book The Production of Space (1974) as a reference point to examine how spaces play prominent roles in both novels. In both novels, immigrants feel alienated in multinational spaces in advanced capitalist societies. As Desai’s Biju and Hage’s unnamed narrator peregrinate around unfamiliar cities, they attempt to gain a sense of place in relation to various other places on a mental map.

Exploration of teachers’ personal practical knowledge for teaching controversial public issues in elementary school classrooms

This study explores teachers’ personal practical knowledge and curricular-instructional gatekeeping as they relate to the teaching of controversial issues in public elementary school settings, particularly the issue of immigration. The study took place in the urban setting of Houston and, using a case study design, documented how three elementary school teachers made curricular-instructional decisions by making use of their personal practical knowledge. Findings illuminate that personal practical knowledge plays a role in teacher’s curricular-instructional gate keeping in socially divisive contexts. And, the findings indicate that these three elementary school teachers make curricular-instructional decisions to effectively address controversial public issues in their classrooms through curriculum choosing, assignments creating, and conflict dialogue building.

Social, psychological, and demographic characteristics of dehumanization toward immigrants.

This study extends the current body of work on dehumanization by evaluating the social, psychological, and demographic correlates of blatant disregard for immigrants. Participants (n = 468) were randomly assigned to read a scenario where 1) an immigrant or 2) an immigrant and their child were caught illegally crossing the southern border of the United States, and then rated how long they should spend in jail if convicted. Participants reported that they would sentence the immigrant to more jail time than the immigrant and child. Those who sent immigrants to jail for more time also viewed them as socially distant and less human, described immigration in impersonal terms, and endorsed other social harms unrelated to immigration (e.g., the death penalty for convicted murderers). Crucially, endorsed social harms accounted for explained variance beyond simply holding conservative views. We position these data within the current literature on dehumanization theory and immigration issues.

Making the government accountable: rethinking immigration as an issue in the European Union

ABSTRACT In the last decades, European countries have experienced two relevant waves of immigration. These ‘immigration shocks’ have contributed to increase dramatically public attention on immigration issues but also to structure political competition on both the supply and the demand side of democratic representation. While immigration issue has been traditionally conceived as a positional issue, the consensus among voters and the policy convergence of mainstream parties seem to resemble Stokes’ model and competition is on a valence issue instead of position issue. Therefore, the present paper analyses whether and to what extent voters punish incumbents for high levels of immigration. Using data from the European Election Study, the analysis confirms that while voters perceiving high levels of immigration punish incumbents, performance voting depends on individual-level attributes such as partisanship and salience, but also country-level factors like the government clarity of responsibility. Finally, immigration performance voting is not moderated by issue ownership. However, the perceived competence of parties to manage immigration reveals a direct and independent effect on incumbent vote intention.

Partisanship and perceived threats about immigration

What types of fears does immigration trigger in individuals and how do these fears differ across partisan lines? Prior research explores this question indirectly by linking immigration attitudes to respondents’ demographics or to different threat frames. This research note offers a more direct test by designing a randomized experiment on a nationally representative sample of US citizens. I provide one half of the respondents with neutral information about immigration, while the other half serves as the control group. I find that respondents for whom the immigration issue is made salient (i.e. the treatment group) are more fearful of both their personal as well as national economic situation and about crime in their community than respondents in the control group. I further find that the overall effects are mainly driven by those respondents who self-identify as Republicans.

Immigration: The “Illegal Alien” Problem

ABSTRACTThe present paper explores the “immigration crisis” both in the United States and in countries around the world. Consideration is given to what is typically absent in public discourse—that is, that immigration is inflected with race, class, ethnicity, religion, and language. Drawing on the work of several leading scholars in philosophy and linguistics, with particular attention to how metaphor shapes thinking, the “immigration problem” is unpacked to examine the issues embedded within its characterization as a “crisis” and for whom that might be so. Examined as well are the larger sociopolitical issues beyond the worldwide public outcry about securing borders. The paper rests analysis of both how the immigrant “other” is characterized and the larger sociopsychological significance of that characterization within the idea of the social unconscious. Finally, the paper explores the role of the group analyst as “citizen therapist” in expanding empathic engagement among groups affected by the huge migration flows. Included are recommendations for the role the group analyst may play in addressing the issue of immigration in our groups and communities.

Migration and Immigrants in Social Studies Textbooks (Turkey and US Sample)

In this research, it is discussed how migration and immigrant issues were examined in a comparative way in textbooks in Turkey and the United States. For this purpose, Life Studies and Social Studies textbooks of both countries were determined and of how migration and immigrants in terms were handled comparatively in these books. This research is a descriptive study. Document analysis technique was used for data collection. Both countries are trying to present the concepts of migration and immigrant under the student acquisition and competence related to cultural differences in curriculum. Overall, is the knowledge is given of what kind of migration and immigrant in Turkey's textbooks at the same time it is seen that contact with immigrants and tried to give the idea of integrating them into society to help them streamline their behalf. In the US textbooks, it is seen that the concepts of migration and immigrant are given meaning and the difficulties faced by immigrants are emphasized. More emphasis on immigrants is that they can achieve significant success as a US citizen and maintain their culture comfortably.

Brexit Where It Comes From: Reading Caryl Phillips’ Foreigners: Three English Lives; Its Historical Reality Replaced with Brexit Focused on Britain in 1969s and 2016 with Enoch Powell’s 1968 Speech, ‘Rivers of Blood’

This paper looks back at some aspects of where Brexit comes from. In so doing, this essay analyses Caryl Phillips reportage, Foreigners: Three English Lives and investigates Britain in the 1960s, focusing on Leeds over the years. Taking different provocations of Brexit, this paper views Enoch Powell’s 1969 Rivers of Blood speech in Birmingham as a backdrop to Brexit since the speech’s implications and its percussions regard an instigation of racial issues politicised and police hostility to coloured races more often than British political issues. Along with Powellian views on immigration, this essay examines David Oluwale’s death and the involved events, prompted by the boldfaced racism that proliferated the 1960s. This essay looks at various immigration-control related Acts in 1962, 1968 and 1971, revised and repealed to restrict the number of Common Wealth immigrants flooding in. Accompanied by the Acts, Joseph Hunte’s Nigger Hunting in England in 1966 was published, and the Monday Club concerned about immigration was founded in 1968. Powell’s catalytic statement came across as gunpower amongst these resentments. This essay thus argues that ‘Rivers of Blood’ is well reflected on Oluwale’s being drowned in River Aire Leeds, and offers a rather lengthy reading of the story and moves on to establishing the influence of Powell’s in late 1960’ on wards and its spasmodic and powerful impact on British politics that led to Brexit in the midst of controversial debate that Powell was right. The EU referendum was offered in order to soften immigration issues, and ensure David Cameron’s security in his premiership in the boiling Tory Party. This paper thus proffers that the results of the referendum was partly a soft-core hate crime, since sharply rising from the June 2016 EU referendum.

Single Pursuer and Two Cooperative Evaders in the Border Defense Differential Game

An interest in border defense, surveillance, and interdiction has recently increased for a variety of reasons related to issues of illegal immigration, terrorism, drug and human trafficking, and other potential threats. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer an attractive alternative to supporting and defending various threats at borders. This paper applies a differential game to define a border defense scenario where one UAV (pursuer) seeks to capture two intruders (evaders) before they reach a designated border. The evaders can be UAVs, marine or ground vehicles, or human agents, but they have a lower maximum speed than the pursuer throughout the game. Simple motion is assumed for the pursuer and evaders with complete state information shared across all agents. The game is played within a rectangular area with a parallel top and bottom border of length and left and right borders with a length of , for a game aspect ratio of . The value of the game is the minimum distance to the bottom border achieved by the evaders at any time before capture of both evaders. Within the region where the pursuer wins, the game of degree is explored and the optimal policy for both the evaders and pursuer is derived using geometric properties.

Performing the Progressive Era: Immigration, Urban Life, and Nationalism on Stage

Performing the Progressive Era: Immigration, Urban Life, and Nationalism on Stage

International Perspective on Health Literacy and Health Equity: Factors That Influence the Former Soviet Union Immigrants.

Among the world’s 272 million international migrants, more than 25 million are from the former Soviet Union (FSU), yet there is a paucity of literature available about FSU immigrants’ health literacy. Besides linguistic and cultural differences, FSU immigrants often come from a distinct healthcare system affecting their ability to find, evaluate, process, and use health information in the host countries. In this scoping review and commentary, we describe the health literacy issues of FSU immigrants and provide an overview of FSU immigrants’ health literacy based on the integrated health literacy model. We purposefully consider the three most common locations where FSU immigrants have settled: the USA, Germany, and Israel. For context, we describe the healthcare systems of the three host countries and the two post-Soviet countries to illustrate the contribution of system-level factors on FSU immigrants’ health literacy. We identify research gaps and set a future research agenda to help understand FSU immigrants’ health literacy across countries. Amidst the ongoing global population changes related to international migration, this article contributes to a broad-scope understanding of health literacy among FSU immigrants related to the system-level factors that may also apply to other immigrants, migrants, and refugees.

Driving a Wedge? Republicans, Immigration, and the Impact of Substantive Appeals on African American Vote Choice

Recently, a number of prominent Republican elites have argued that the economic plight of African Americans is attributable to undocumented immigration to the United States. Have these arguments concerning the link between black economic well-being and undocumented immigration become commonplace in the rhetoric of Republican elites, and if so, does exposure to these appeals impact black vote choice? Employing data from over forty years of congressional speeches, the campaign speeches and public addresses of President Donald Trump, televised campaign advertisements from the Wisconsin/Wesleyan Advertising Projects, and a survey experiment embedded in the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we find that Republican elected officials have increasingly made substantive appeals to blacks on the issue of immigration reform, that exposure to this type of substantive appeal leads blacks to more strongly support a fictional Republican candidate, and that this support is moderated by a respondent’s level of linked fate. These findings challenge existing scholarship that Republican elites ignore the concerns of the black community and suggest that Republicans may be using the issue of immigration to drive a wedge in the Democratic electoral coalition by targeting the Democratic Party’s strongest constituency.

Sustainable Global Supply Chains at Amazon

This paper looks at Amazon as a global corporation and elaborates on how the company manages executive pay, immigration issues and controls sustainable supply chains. When Amazon started as a book store under the leadership of Jeff Bezos, it was unknown that the company would soon expand to such measures. Amazon revolutionized the supply chain with their focus on cost, speed, flexibility, quality, sustainability and innovation. Today, Amazon goes beyond traditional supply chains to design global supply chains that focus on factors beyond cost containment.