Immigrant Experience Research Articles

Korean fathers’ immigration experience

ABSTRACT Korean immigrant fathers were interviewed and the consensual qualitative research (CQR) method was employed to analyze the data. Five domains (challenges, identity, values, relationship, and well-being) and seventeen categories emerged. Participants experienced implicit discrimination and cultural barriers. They identified themselves as Koreans and valued family’s well-being as their priority. They made efforts to find meaning and satisfaction by supporting children to become independent adults. Participants were aware of their traditional parenting styles and the intergenerational cultural gap with their children. As first-generation immigrants, Korean immigrant fathers reported a lack of genuine relationships with both Korean Americans and non-Korean Americans outside of their families. Although participants reported freedom from the pressure caused by interdependent Korean culture, they felt homesickness and emptiness without their own valued life goals.

The need for Hispanic cultural competency in drug abuse treatment training programs: An empirical and ethical evaluation of US universities

Ethical clinical practice requires cultural competency. In the United States, Hispanics report stronger attitudinal barriers to drug abuse treatment than any other racial/ethnic group. Hispanics report feeling that drug abuse treatment providers do not understand their unique cultural needs and are unfamiliar with their experiences of discrimination and immigration. Using this case study to explore broader ethical and policy issues, this study investigates the extent to which US universities train counselors to address the culturally specific needs of Hispanic patients and how this is reflected in practice in Los Angeles County. Based on a content analysis of the required courses, syllabi, and course descriptions at 30 universities related to culture/race/racism/ethnicity/diversity at the undergraduate and graduate levels on the addiction therapist track, and thematic analysis of eight in-depth interviews with counselors working in outpatient rehabilitation centers in Los Angeles, I argue that cultural competency education for drug abuse counselors is too surface level and infrequent to adequately prepare students for a career in addiction counseling for Hispanic clients. Significant changes must be made to how cultural diversity is valued and prioritized in the field of psychology to provide better care for Hispanic people with a substance use disorder and fulfill the moral obligation to eliminate this health disparity. Although this study focuses on counselors in Los Angeles, these findings are relevant for professionals and healthcare systems across the United States and beyond who seek to provide equitable and effective care for Hispanic patients.

Impact of immigration and discrimination on vocational wellness for immigrant mental health professionals

AbstractThe current study examined how personal and career factors impact professional quality of life for mental health professionals who are immigrants in the United States (n = 108). Professional quality of life was measured with constructs of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Researchers explored which personal and career factors best predicted compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue related to work environments in mental health using correlational analysis. Demands of immigration and frequent experiences of discrimination significantly predicted high compassion fatigue and low compassion satisfaction. Findings and implications explore career wellness and longevity for mental health professionals who are immigrants.

Exploring the parenting experiences of Brazilian immigrants in the United States

AbstractThis study aimed to understand Brazilian immigrant parents' experience and needs using an explanatory sequential design with two phases: survey and structured interviews. The results identified several challenges these parents face, the most prevalent being a lack of social support, as well as cultural values and parenting styles. These findings are important for informing counselors and other professionals working with this community how to better develop intervention and advocacy tools tailored to their unique needs.

Undocumented immigrants at work: invisibility, hypervisibility, and the making of the modern slave

The undocumented immigrant represents a socio-legal category, referring to a subject who does not have legal standing to be in the country in which they are located. Extending from their lack of legal standing, undocumented immigrant workers in the United States occupy spaces marked by extreme conditions of vulnerability, which were exacerbated by the election of Donald Trump as president in 2016. The aim of this ethnographic study is to make sense of the experiences of undocumented immigrants under a particularly vicious political rhetoric. Studying the lives of Latinx undocumented immigrant workers in the U.S., our findings capture how the dynamic interplay between the types of labor that they undertake and the socio-legal identity they are attributed function together to systematically disenfranchise them. Specifically, we explicate how doing invisible labor while, at the same time, occupying a hypervisible identity culminates in extreme conditions of vulnerability. In addition to developing the concept of hypervisible identity, we also inform theory on the idea of modern slavery. We contend that without the existence of invisible labor and hypervisible identity performing as interlocking, constitutive precursors, some forms of modern slavery would be negated.

Immigrant men 's perceptions and experiences of accompanying their partner for contraceptive counselling provided by midwives in Sweden- a qualitative study.

Male involvement in maternal health care has proven to be beneficial for improving maternal and child health and is often crucial in areas of family planning and contraceptive use. However, compared to male involvement in maternal health care, male involvement in contraceptive counselling is complex and controversial and thus faces certain challenges. Immigrant men in Sweden are often accompanying their partner for contraceptive counselling. Little is known about their presence and role. To explore how immigrant men from the Middle East and Afghanistan perceive and experience accompanying their partner for contraceptive counselling provided by midwives in Sweden. Inductive qualitative content analysis guided the interpretation of data based on 21 individual in-depth interviews. Balancing conflicting values and norms about sexual and reproductive health and rights including family planning was challenging and confusing when living in Sweden. Contraceptive counselling was perceived as a joint visit, and men were often acting as decision makers. The midwife's role as a contraceptive counsellor was perceived as trusted, but knowledge was lacking about the Swedish midwifery model and the Swedish healthcare system. Providers' ways of communicating sensitive information were crucial. Without marriage contraceptive counselling was unthinkable. Highlighting male engagement and including men's sexual and reproductive health at policy levels are necessary for improving women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Additional and new ways of contraceptive counselling and midwifery services, such as outreach work and joint visits, are needed in order to reach both men and women.

Predictors associated with symptoms of depression & anxiety during the COVID-19 among MENA immigrants in Houston, Texas

Very limited knowledge is available regarding the mental health of the immigrant population in the USA. We aim to assess the factors affecting the mental health of immigrants living in Houston from war-inflicted and stable countries of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) origin during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the MENA immigrants using a validated survey of sociodemographic, general health, and COVID-19 questions. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of depression and anxiety. The outcome of interest was categorized as “moderate or severe” versus “minimal or mild” for depression and anxiety. Total of 94 participants completed the study, with the sample rate of "moderate or severe" symptoms of anxiety and depression being 29.78% and 64.89%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis for depression showed that immigrants from war-inflicted countries of origin were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression compared to immigrants from stable countries (OR = 0.082, 95% CI 0.012–0.551). Individuals with excellent overall health (OR = 0.074, 95% CI = 0.013–0.414) had a significantly lower likelihood of “moderate or severe” depression than those who reported fair/poor health. Non-smokers (OR = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.012–0.377) were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression in comparison to those who engage in smoking behavior. Participants who responded to the question that they tried hard to avoid thoughts of COVID-19 were less likely to have symptoms of “moderate or severe” depression compared to participants who responded, “No” (OR = 0.110, 95% CI = 0.017–0.712). Those who have” excellent/good knowledge” (OR = 0.0146, 95% CI = 0.022–0.946) about the prevention of COVID-19 spread were less likely to have “moderate or severe” depression compared to those who had “average/poor/terrible”. Multivariable regression analysis revealed smoking as a significant predictor of anxiety, with non-smokers demonstrating a lower likelihood of experiencing "moderate or severe" anxiety than smokers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.84). MENA immigrant communities in the USA have diverse immigration experiences, cultural backgrounds, and instability issues in their home countries, possibly elevating the risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Predictors identified should be considered by policymakers when developing targeted interventions to ensure the mental and social well-being of immigrant communities in the USA.

Unveiling the Scapegoat: An Analysis of the Hero Archetype in Akhil Sharma's 'Family Life’

This paper employs a literary analysis framework, drawing upon archetypal criticism, psychoanalytic theory, and cultural studies, to explore the portrayal of the scapegoat hero archetype in Akhil Sharma's novel ‘Family Life’. The qualitative research approach of this work, examines the protagonist's interactions within the family dynamics, themes of guilt and redemption, and the influence of cultural and societal factors. Further the research also explores the parallels between traditional scapegoat figures in literature and the portrayal of scapegoat hero of contemporary individuals in Akhil Sharma’s ‘Family Life’. This paper illuminates Sharma's nuanced portrayal of guilt, sacrifice, and the quest for identity within the immigrant family. Furthermore, by contextualizing the novel within the present era, this study underscores the enduring relevance of Sharma's exploration of these themes. And ultimately contributes to our understanding by offering insights into the complexities of portrayal of the scapegoat hero archetype influenced by immigrant experiences and the dynamics of family life.

In Search of Inclusion and Recognition: Immigrant Experiences in the Search for Professional Employment in Durham Region, Ontario

Abstract: In recent years, municipal governments across Canada have made efforts to attract and retain newcomers in mid-size cities. This paper reports on a community-based photovoice research project to explore immigrant experiences securing professional employment in Durham Region, Ontario. Nine immigrants from diverse origins provided their photographs and written reflections and participated in semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups; they discussed the images representing their experiences in more depth and proposed calls for action to facilitate needed changes. The whole research cycle was informed by feminist intersectionality to illuminate the role of macro-structural forces operating in the socio-economic context of immigrant lives. The project findings testify to (1) the existing services' failure in assisting immigrants to face systemic challenges: find meaningful learning opportunities, create strong networks, and address bureaucratic demands; (2) the experiences of rejection, judgement, misrecognition, and devaluation of immigrants from recruiters, employers, employment services staff and residents; and (3) the resistance of these challenges by the immigrants through perseverance, positive outlook, and support of family and compatriot community. These findings make it clear that having services that focus on individual job search or professional skills is insufficient: solutions require the participation of the entire society. They highlight the urgency of municipal action to change the local social and service provision climate by including immigrant voices and experience in decision-making about services and policy development and educating social and employment services personnel, employers and the community in anti-racism and immigrant experience. Résumé: Ces dernières années, les autorités municipales du Canada se sont efforcées d'attirer et de retenir les nouveaux arrivants dans les villes de densité moyenne. Cet article rend compte d'un projet de recherche communautaire de transcription vocale visant à explorer les expériences des immigrants en matière d'obtention d'un emploi professionnel dans la région de Durham, en Ontario. Neuf immigrants d'origines diverses ont fourni leurs copies vocales et leurs réflexions écrites et ont participé à des entretiens individuels semi-structurés et à des groupes de discussion ; ils ont discuté plus profondément des images représentant leurs expériences et ont proposé des appels à l'action pour faciliter les changements nécessaires. L'ensemble du cycle de recherche s'est appuyé sur l'intersectionnalité féministe pour mettre en lumière le rôle des forces macro-structurelles qui agissent dans le contexte socio-économique de la vie des immigrants. Les résultats du projet témoignent (1) de l'échec des services existants à aider les immigrants à faire face aux défis systémiques : trouver des opportunités d'apprentissage significatives, créer des réseaux solides et répondre aux exigences bureaucratiques ; (2) des expériences de rejet, de jugement, de méconnaissance et de dévaluation des immigrants de la part des recruteurs, des employeurs, du personnel des services de l'emploi et des résidents ; et (3) de la résistance à ces défis par les immigrants grâce à la persévérance, à une attitude positive et au soutien de la famille et de la communauté des compatriotes. Ces résultats montrent clairement qu'il ne suffit pas de disposer de services axés sur la recherche individuelle d'un emploi ou sur les compétences professionnelles : les solutions exigent la participation de l'ensemble de la société. Elles soulignent l'urgence d'une action municipale visant à modifier le climat social local et la fourniture de services en intégrant les opinions et l'expérience des immigrants dans la prise de décision concernant les services et l'élaboration des politiques et en formant le personnel des services sociaux et de l'emploi, les employeurs et la communauté à la lutte contre le racisme et à l'expérience des immigrants.

The Immigrant Experience in Brandon, Manitoba: Challenges of Settlement in Small Towns and Rural Regions in the Canadian Prairies

Abstract: Within the last decades, due to labour shortages, remote Canadian regions have had a growing demand for immigrants. This growing demand, in effect, has changed the pattern of international migration and settlement in Canada. Brandon, Manitoba, is one of the cities benefiting from this changing pattern of migration. The small city of Brandon, located among many farming communities, has been rapidly evolving into a metropolis. Various provincial nominee programs encourage the settlement of diverse populations from international regions in the relatively homogeneous city of Brandon. However, does Brandon have the resources and abilities to accommodate the needs of the sudden growing diversity? The newly settled communities experience racism and xenophobia in their mundane lives, which creates a challenging environment. This article addresses the following question: how do new immigrants negotiate their identities as outsiders and establish their sense of belonging in the city of Brandon? By reflecting on data collected through surveys and interviews, this project maps out the new immigrants' social and economic integration among the local population. While exploring the history of immigration, Local Immigration Partnerships, and the growing immigrant demography, this research describes social access, group dynamics, challenges, and opportunities for international immigrant settlement in the region. Résumé: Au cours des dernières décennies, en raison de pénuries de main-d'œuvre, les régions éloignées du Canada ont connu une demande croissante d'immigrants. En fait, cette demande croissante a modifié le modèle de migration internationale et d'établissement au Canada. Brandon, au Manitoba, est l'une des villes qui profitent de ce changement de modèle de migration. La petite ville de Brandon, située au milieu de nombreuses communautés agricoles, est rapidement devenue une métropole. Divers programmes de candidats des provinces encouragent l'établissement de diverses populations provenant de régions internationales dans la ville relativement homogène de Brandon. Cependant, Brandon a-t-il les ressources et les capacités nécessaires pour répondre aux besoins d'une diversité soudainement croissante? Les communautés nouvellement installées sont confrontées au racisme et à la xénophobie dans leur vie quotidienne, ce qui crée un environnement difficile. Cet article aborde la question suivante : comment les nouveaux immigrants négocient-ils leur identité d'étrangers et établissent-ils leur sentiment d'appartenance à la ville de Brandon? En réfléchissant aux données recueillies au moyen d'enquêtes et d'entretiens, ce projet cartographie l'intégration sociale et économique des nouveaux immigrants au sein de la population locale. Tout en explorant l'histoire de l'immigration, les partenariats locaux en matière d'immigration et la démographie croissante des immigrants, cette recherche décrit l'accès social, la dynamique de groupe, les défis et les opportunités d'établissement des immigrants internationaux dans la région.

On-Demand Work in the Gig Economy: The Experience of Young Immigrants in Quebec

On-Demand Work in the Gig Economy: The Experience of Young Immigrants in Quebec

"The Critical Services Are Out of Reach": Diabetes Management and the Experiences of South Asian Immigrants in Ontario.

Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. South Asians (individuals originating from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) represent a high-risk ethnicity for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and experience a high prevalence of the disease, even in migrant populations. The objective of this study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of South Asians living with T2D in Ontario, and their utilization of diabetes related services within the provincial healthcare system. Data were obtained from 20 in-depth interviews with South Asian participants diagnosed with T2D and living in the Greater Toronto Area. Our findings indicate a dissatisfaction with Ontario's coverage for diabetes services; varying uptake of recommended health tests, exams, and monitoring equipment; low utilization of additional resources (diabetes centers); and a need for primary care physicians to better facilitate awareness and utilization of available coverages and resources in the community. This study provides support for the fact that even in Canada's universal healthcare system, disparities exist, particularly for ethnic minorities, and that a universal prescription drug coverage component is a crucial step forward to ensure equitable access to health services utilization for all.

Reading (Like) a Translator: The Sensory Life and Travel Writing of Danish Literary Translator Anne Marie Bjerg

ABSTRACT The hermeneutic similarities between translation and travelling have been widely debated in translation studies and travel writing, with scholars such as Cronin, Polezzi, Italiano, Simon and Bassnett arguing that they are linked by way of both physical and metaphorical notions of movement and transportation. A neglected take on this idea is to pursue the sentiment that ‘reading like a translator’ is an embodied process, conditioned by sensorimotor possibilities and a shared physical space akin to geographical travel, as expressed by Searls. However, the memoirs of Danish literary translator Anne Marie Bjerg fills this gap as she regards such reading as a process of sensory being, knowing and doing, and her particularly (in)tense immigrant experiences in Sweden and with the Swedish language invite us to visualise a life of translation as a narrative of both delightful wanderlust and a disturbing sentimental journey. Moreover, throughout her odyssey, her ‘reading’ of texts, people, language and culture is infused with rich sensory and bodily sense-making. In my study, I will draw on relevant ideas in the above theoretical works in order to explore these themes in depth and thus reveal the previously unexplored connections between reading and travelling as a translator.

A Dialogic Theology of Migration: Martin Buber and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy

Martin Buber (1878–1965) and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy (1888–1973) were influential theologians and intellectuals known for their heterodox theologies and for their visions of a society based on dialogue. Both experienced migration. Buber emigrated during his teens from Vienna to Galicia, then, after his marriage, from Vienna to Germany, and finally from Germany to Palestine in 1938. Rosenstock-Huessy, a Christian theologian of Jewish origin, fled Germany in the wake of the Nazi rise to power in 1933. Independently and in different contexts, these thinkers employed their theologies in the 1930s and 1940s, advocating for immigration against the prevailing ideas of nativism and developing an (embryonic) theory and praxis of dialogic integration. Both sought to replace the popular totalistic and intolerant melting-pot ideology. This essay explores Buber’s and Rosenstock-Huessy’s approaches to immigration and its reception, the influence of their immigration experiences, and the relation to their approaches to other aspects of their thought. It explores the nativist theological approaches they opposed and the anti-nativism that might have inspired them. Finally, this essay examines the novelty of their approaches; while their theological advocacy of immigration was unique only in their times, their dialogical approach to integration stands out, even with regard to the contemporary multicultural approach, due to its theological edge.

“They act like we are going to heaven”: pre-arrival information experiences, information crafting and settlement of immigrants in Canada

PurposeAlthough there is a growing body of work on immigrants' information behavior, little is known about the pre-arrival information experiences of immigrants who consult formal information sources such as immigration agents. Drawn from a larger study on the information behavior of immigrants, this paper mainly reports the semi-structured interview findings on the pre-arrival information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants who used formal information sources with discussion on how that affected their post-arrival settlement into Canada.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a mixed method approach with semi-structured interviews (n = 60) and surveys (n = 205) with participants who arrived in Canada between the years of 1971 and 2017. Data were collected from May 2017 to February 2018.FindingsAlthough the overall scope of the original study is much larger, this paper features findings on the pre-arrival information experiences derived mainly from an analysis of interview data. This study provides insights into the pre-arrival information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants consulting formal information sources such as immigration firms, individual immigration consultants and more formal government agencies. The author introduces a new concept of “information crafting” by exploring the negative consequences of selective information sharing by immigration consultants/agents in newcomers' settlements in Canada, primarily positive information about life in Canada, sometimes with exaggeration and falsification. The interview participants shared story after the story of the settlement challenges they faced after arriving in Canada and how the expectations they built through the information received from immigration consultants and government agencies did not match after arrival. This study emphasizes the importance of providing comprehensive information about life in Canada to potential newcomers so that they can make informed decisions even before they apply.Originality/valueThe findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for policy and research. This study provides insights into the complicated culturally situated pre-arrival information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants. Moreover, the study findings encourage researchers in various disciplines, including psychology, migration studies and geography, to delve more deeply into newcomers' information experiences using an informational lens to examine the information newcomers receive from diverse sources and their effects on their post-arrival settlement in a new country. The study challenges the general assumptions that formal information sources are always reputable, useful, and comprehensive, and it provides some future directions for research that seeks to understand the culturally situated information behavior of diverse immigrant groups.

SOCIAL NETWORK BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT IN HISPANIC/LATINX FAMILIES

Abstract Compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts, individuals of Hispanic/Latinx heritage are more likely to develop disabilities from comorbidity and remain disabled for longer periods over the life course. Among chronic conditions, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is very common, affecting at least 1% of the U.S. population. Evidence suggests that RA is more active and severe among Hispanic/Latinx individuals, characterized by more flare-ups, greater inflammation, higher tender/swollen joint counts, and more self-reported pain, due in part to their underuse of health services, delay in initiating treatment, and difficulty in adhering to treatment plan. In this study, we sought to identify social network factors relevant to managing RA pain and RA-attributable functional limitations, in a sample of Hispanic/Latinx families residing in the Washington DC region. We analyzed network structure and patterns of interpersonal health communication and assessed how these factors may facilitate or impede proactive healthcare, independent of individual and system-level barriers. The findings are three-fold: First, there is substantial heterogeneity in social network structure in the families examined, likely due to different immigration experiences. Second, severely contracted personal networks (e.g., isolate or singe-edge) were observed among older, foreign-born individuals who spoke Spanish and had less schooling. This was a major barrier to RA management. Finally, more health communication, closeness, and advice-seeking ties in one’s personal network facilitated use of health services which was positively correlated with health outcomes. We discuss the implications of the findings in the context of developing family network-based health education interventions.

Adaptation of second-generation Turkish Americans in the U.S.A.: extending differential adaptation theory to the offspring of immigrants

ABSTRACT Contributing to the attempts to explore communication and adaptation, this study centers on the lived experiences of second-generation Turkish Americans as they navigate a space that is shared among the culture of their origins and the U.S. culture into which they are born. By extending differential adaptation theory (DAT) to the offspring of Turkish immigrants, this qualitative study illustrates how the U.S. shapes the agency these offspring immigrants have in communicating their cultural identity. Twenty-two second-generation Turkish Americans were interviewed about communication challenges from a DAT lens. Findings suggest that U.S.-born children of Turkish immigrants take on differential means of adaptation in communicating cultural identity held in their names and access to their cultural groups. The experiences of offspring immigrants demonstrate how differential adaptation contrasts with differential adaptation experiences of their immigrant parents. Finally, limitations to this study are explored and offer a call to the continuation of cultural adaptation research.

AGE AND COHORT TRENDS OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCE IN RELIGIOUS PARTICIPATION AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER AMERICANS

Abstract Religious involvement is an important way of maintaining social connectedness for older Americans. While large quantities of studies have explored age and cohort effects of religious participation separately, less is known about racial/ethnic disparities. Applying growth curve modeling to the 2004-2020 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N=134,734 person-years), the current study examines how religious attendance changes across the life course and among recent birth cohorts, as well as how exposure to immigration policy regimes (IPR) shapes Hispanic immigrants’ religious participation behaviors. Results suggest an overall reversed U-shape age trajectory with lower average levels and faster declines among more recent cohorts. Compared to White older adults, Black and Hispanic populations attend religious activities more frequently, but their attendance declines at faster rates in later life, leading to minimal White-Nonwhite differences in the oldest ages. However, Hispanic immigrants display significantly less decline in religious participation among more recent cohorts relative to Whites, although no similar trend is found between White and Black/native Hispanic older adults. Further analyses of Mexican Hispanic immigrants suggest that longer exposure to restricted IPR (since the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, IRCA) is associated with increased religious attendance, but less restricted IPR (between 1964 and 1985) is associated with decreased religious participation net of age and cohort effects. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the civic engagement experiences of Hispanic immigrants against the context of immigration policy regimes.

“THE ONLY WAY FOR US TO STAY SAFE IS TO HIDE”: THE EXPERIENCES OF OLDER CHINESE IMMIGRANTS DURING COVID-19 IN NYC

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected older adults, who were at heightened risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, as well as social isolation. Challenges to accessing health information and vaccine resources were amplified among older immigrants due to language barriers, lack of established social networks, and experiences of systemic discrimination. Considering the surge of anti-Asian violence across the country and the high-profile violent incidents targeting Asian older adults, our analysis focuses on the lived experiences of older Chinese immigrants during the pandemic in New York City (NYC). To describe the support needed during the pandemic to inform service delivery, we conducted in-depth interviews with 9 low-income Chinese adults over 65 about their experiences in coping with COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results show that driven by the pro-vaccination and science norms in China, participants shared an overall positive attitude towards vaccines and exhibited extraordinary resilience to COVID-misinformation. However, COVID-19 and anti-Asian violence amplified each other. Fear of contracting COVID-19 due to perceived age-related vulnerability and fear of anti-Asian violence were prevalent, leading to self-protective withdrawal and deferred health care. Many expressed concerns about traveling to public places alone. Deeply frustrated with the government’s role in controlling violent crimes, some participants decided to stay home indefinitely to evade trouble. Mechanisms to draw out people who have socially withdrawn are needed. Senior service providers in NYC should initiate discussions about perceived safety and implement peer buddy systems to enhance post-pandemic quality of life for Asian older adults.

Supporting Multilingualism in Immigrant Children: An Integrative Approach

Immigrant children are a growing and demographically important segment of the world's population. One key aspect of immigrant children's experience is navigating multiple languages, creating both opportunities, and challenges. However, the literature on bilingualism rarely centers the experiences of immigrant children. Focusing on immigrant children in the United States, this article brings together cognitive science research on bilingualism with the integrative risk and resilience model of adaptation in immigrant-origin children to elucidate how common contexts that immigrant children encounter can support or discourage multilingualism. Policy must consider immigrant children's intersecting identities—both as immigrants and as learners of minoritized, and often racialized, languages. A proposed framework can guide policies to support multilingualism in immigrant children, with downstream consequences for their health and development.