Immigrant Areas Research Articles

Supervision of Stay Permits for Foreign Citizens in the Legal Area of the TPI Gorontalo Class I Immigration Office

The authority to take immigration action regarding the expiration of a limited stay permit based on Article 53 of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration in the Gorontalo City immigration area is the responsibility of the TPI Gorontalo Class I Immigration Office. The problem in this research is how to monitor and take action against foreign nationals who violate their residence permit (overstay) at the TPI Gorontalo Class I Immigration Office. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, the data used is secondary data and primary data. The study was carried out using literature and field studies, the data analysis used was qualitative. The results of the research show that the implementation of supervision and action against foreign nationals who violate residence permits (overstay) at the TPI Gorontalo Class 1 Immigration Office, enforcement of immigration law, especially regarding the issue of misuse of visas, the immigration authorities should apply cumulative criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts, namely the imposition of prison sentences. In accordance with the applicable provisions of the Immigration Law, after the perpetrator of a criminal offense has served his criminal sentence, the next action taken by the immigration authorities is to carry out administrative immigration action, namely deporting the foreign national

Spatial and temporal characterization of Aedes albopictus oviposition activity in candidate urban settings for sterile insect technique testing in La Reunion Island

BackgroundUnderstanding of mosquito spatiotemporal dynamics is central to characterize candidate field sites for the sterile insect technique (SIT) testing, and is critical to the effective implementation and evaluation of pilot sterile male release programs. Here, we present a detailed description of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) egg-laying activity over a 6-year period in urban areas identified as potential SIT testing sites on Reunion Island.MethodWeekly entomological collections using ovitraps were carried out in residential and adjacent uninhabited habitats in two urban areas, Duparc and Bois Rouge, in the municipality of Sainte Marie, Reunion Island. Time-series data incorporating the frequency of positive ovitraps and the total number of eggs/ovitrap recorded each time at each locality during the study period from May 2013 to December 2018 were analyzed with multifaceted statistical approaches including descriptive statistics and spatiotemporal analyses incorporating the role of climatic factors on overall ovitrap productivity.ResultsDuring the ovitrap survey, the proportion of egg-positive ovitraps differed among study sites (χ2 = 50.21, df = 2, P < 0.001), being relatively lower in Duparc (89.5%) than in Bois-Rouges (95.3%) and the adjacent buffer zone (91.2%). Within each neighborhood, Ae. albopictus egg abundance varied by month in a roughly seasonal pattern marked by a single peak occurring more regularly February each year, a decline at the onset of the austral winter in July, followed by a period of lower ovitrap productivity in August and September. Fluctuation in both positivity rate and eggs densities per ovitraps were related to annual and seasonal variations in local temperature and rainfall (P < 0.001 in all cases). The spatial analysis also captured substantial between- and within-habitats heterogeneity, whereby the overall ovitrap productivity was higher in residential areas than in the buffer zone.ConclusionsCollectively, these results reveal that the distribution of Ae. albopictus oviposition activity is shaped by local habitat heterogeneity and seasonal climatic factors. Overall, this study provides baseline insights into the reproductive dynamics of Ae. albopictus, which would assist in planning locally tailored SIT interventions, while addressing concerns related to focal areas of high egg-laying intensity and potential immigration of females from natural areas.

Jang Seok-young's Cognizance of Manchuria and A Survey of Immigration Areas

Jang Seok-young's Cognizance of Manchuria and A Survey of Immigration Areas

Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia

Abstract The development of the functional settlement typology methodology is of academic and practical importance as it incorporates the social, economic, and demographic dimensions of regional development. Rural settlements are seen as a base for labor; traditional urban centers have become a base for commuters, while at the same time, new economic centers are emerging where capital investment is accumulating. This article presents the research conducted in the Srem region (located in the province of Vojvodina) to determine the functional typology of the settlement, which is of social, economic, and demographic importance for the region itself and for Serbia as a whole. This well-known immigration area in Serbia has been inhabited for centuries for its specific economic and political reasons. The very intensive economic activities of the last two decades have been influenced by development investments and contributed to the functional transformation of the settlements. The census data from 2022 make it possible to determine a functional typology of settlements in the Srem region using the factor method (principal component analysis). The article aims to explain the basic characteristics of functional types of settlements and to determine the mechanisms of their territorial distribution, which would be helpful in the future planning and organization of local and regional development of the Republic of Serbia.

The Development of Mutual Aid Tontines in Nineteenth-Century Ireland

A tontine is a shared fund in which surviving investors benefit financially from the deaths of other members. Since the mid-seventeenth century it has been used variously across Europe as a tool to raise state revenue, as a private investment tool, and as a method to raise capital for building projects. In nineteenth-century Ireland, the tontine developed to include a mutual aid scheme directed at the country's working classes and poor. This form of tontine existed within a wider sphere of microcredit and microfinance instruments – including loan funds, pawnbrokers and Mont de Piété banks - directed at Ireland's poorer classes. These provided services to a section of Irish society neglected by the country's banks and other financial institutions. The mutual aid tontine was therefore very much an indigenous financial instrument developed for the needs of Irish society. Like the Irish themselves it travelled. The scheme also proved to be popular in England during the nineteenth century, predominantly in areas of high Irish immigration. This article argues that this was as a direct result of the transplantation of Irish communities and support structures into England.

Engaging with immigrant students’ voices in the school environment: an analysis of policy documents through school websites

BackgroundFor students to feel happy and supported in school, it is important that their views are taken seriously and integrated into school policies. However, limited information is available how the voices of immigrant students are considered in European school contexts. This study generated evidence from written documents to ascertain how student voice practices are described at school websites.MethodsBetween 2 March and 8 April 2021, we reviewed the policy documents publicly available on school websites. The schools located in areas of high immigration in six European countries: Austria, England, Finland, Germany, Romania, and Switzerland. The READ approach was used to guide the steps in the document analysis in the context of policy studies (1) ready the materials, 2) data extraction, 3) data analysis, 4) distil the findings). A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches with descriptive statistics (n, %, Mean, SD, range) was used for analysis.ResultsA total of 412 documents (305 schools) were extracted. Based on reviewing school websites, reviewers’strongly agreed’ in seven documents (2%) that information related to seeking student voices could be easily found. On the contrary, in 247 documents (60%), reviewers strongly indicated that information related to seeking student voices was missing. No clear characteristics could be specified to identify those schools were hearing students’ voices is well documented. The most common documents including statements related to student voice were anti-bullying or violence prevention strategies (75/412) and mission statements (72/412).ConclusionsOur document analysis based on publicly accessible school websites suggest that student voices are less frequently described in school written policy documents. Our findings provide a baseline to further monitor activities, not only at school level but also to any governmental and local authorities whose intention is to serve the public and openly share their values and practices with community members. A deeper understanding is further needed about how listening to student voices is realized in daily school practices.

Economic development and optimal allocation of land use in ecological emigration area in China

Due to factors such as climate, environment, and resource scarcity, a large number of ecological immigration activities have been carried out in many regions of the world, and a large amount of land has been abandoned in emigration areas, which makes it difficult to reflect the economic value of the land in the process of land ecological restoration. Many scholars mainly focus on the socio-economic development of the immigration area, while the ecological economic value of the land in the emigration area is neglected. The Chinese government has organised and implemented six large-scale resettlement projects in Ningxia to alleviate poverty and bring prosperity to areas where the soil and water are not well nourished and people are struggling. Thus, this study observed Guyuan City, Haiyuan County, and Tongxin County in central and southern Ningxia and conducted a systematic and comprehensive analysis of land resources, natural resources, the ecological environment, and social economy in the emigration area. Based on the accurate identification of the land scale of the emigration area, evaluating industrial suitability in the ecological emigration area, this study intended to strike a balance between ecological and economic development. The results showed that the emigration area is 8.0794 million mus, and the main types of land use are grassland, arable land, and forest land; the industrial development directions include large-scale livestock farming, drought-tolerant fruit farming, cold-resistant vegetable farming, modern forestry, specialised understory and photovoltaic and wind power production. The results provide policy inspiration for sustainable land use in ecological emigration areas, and propose practical ways for social capital and financial institutions to participate in the land development and promote ecological and economic value balance of emigration areas in the world.

Lessons learned from an internal database built through a CRE lens in the Latine neighborhood of Little Village in Chicago

AbstractEnlace Chicago, a nonprofit organization located in the heart of the Little Village community, is a community‐based organization that convenes, organizes, provides programs and services, and builds individual and community capacity to address systemic inequities in the areas of immigration, health, education, and violence prevention. In 2018, Enlace Chicago began to expand its capacity, building an internal evaluation and data team to support organizational data tracking, evaluation, and learning. As Enlace expanded its staff and grant reporting, the organization decided to launch an internal database build to better track data across teams and initiatives. While embarking on this journey, the organization also responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic with shifts in outreach and services. This article is a reflective case example from the perspective of the internal evaluation and data team at Enlace, which includes best practices and lessons learned for building a database within a predominantly Mexican‐American community. Key takeaways include: the evaluation and data team were a critical support for implementing necessary culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) structures and approaches during the database build; CRE considerations for a database and partnership were necessary to uphold culturally relevant data and allow for flexibility with stakeholders; and clear and specific feedback and utilization of information were critical during the database build to support Latine staff and community.

Analisis Kriminologi Mengenai Peredaran Narkoba Terkait dalam Keimigrasian

The circulation of narcotics has become an exceedingly complex and worrisome issue in the context of immigration-related crimes in Indonesia. This article presents a criminological analysis of the role of narcotics in immigration-related crimes with the aim of understanding their impact on national security and sovereignty. The literature analysis method was employed to gather and evaluate data related to this issue. The results reveal that the circulation of narcotics in immigration areas has serious repercussions on social stability and can be exploited by international networks for the purpose of drug trafficking. Tight monitoring at immigration checkpoints, rigorous law enforcement, and collaboration among agencies and internationally are pivotal in addressing this narcotics circulation. This article provides profound insights into the role of narcotics in immigration-related crimes and underscores the importance of collective efforts in combating this threat.

The social front door: the role of social infrastructures for migrant arrival

ABSTRACT Much research on migrant arrival and settlement has looked at these processes through the lens of ‘integration’, investigating how migrants access societal realms such as the labour market, education, civil society and social networks, and mostly focusing on individual migrants’ processes of incorporation. A complementary body of work has looked at how socio-economic contexts can shape integration and social mobility. This article expands on this work by highlighting the importance of place in migrant arrival and settlement. It builds on an emerging body of literature that has emphasised that where migrants arrive plays a crucial role in their ability to access resources. Drawing on two sets of ethnographic fieldwork in East London, the article presents a micro-analysis of how migrants make their way into the city with the help of publicly accessible social infrastructures (shops, libraries, barbers, parks, etc.) and individuals working within these. The article demonstrates that social infrastructures are a crucial element amongst a range of arrival infrastructures that can be found in urban areas of long-standing immigration and highlights the role of the built environment regarding opportunities for accessing information about settlement.

Модели противодействия сегрегации этноконфессиональных иммигрантских районов в Дании и Швеции

The article explores the immigration and integration strategies of Denmark and Sweden while assessing their efficacy. The two countries, sharing historical, cultural, social and economic similarities, face a common challenge: the formation of ethnoreligious enclaves primarily inhabited by individuals with a Muslim background. Due to the recent European migrant crises, there has been a notable increase in the number of migrants, leading to stricter integration policies in the Scandinavian countries. Yet, governmental approaches to address the segregation of immigrant areas vary between Denmark and Sweden. Denmark has adopted a stringent immigration policy promoting cultural assimilation of immigrants from non-Western countries, whilst Sweden follows a liberal approach advocating cultural and ethnic diversity within society. The evolution of immigration and integration initiatives in Denmark and Sweden has been reconstructed through the analysis of official documents and critical examination of political discourses. It is noted that Swedish authorities are increasingly incorporating Denmark’s more radical approaches to address migration issues within their political programmes. Despite the results of Denmark’s anti-immigration policies and the reduction in the number of segregated immigrant areas, a myriad of issues persist due to EU immigration policies. The problem of forging a new civic identity rooted in the linguistic, religious and cultural homogeneity of Danish society amidst its multiculturalism remains relevant. Thus, Sweden is formulating its own anti-segregation programme, taking into account both the successes and shortcomings of Danish immigration and integration policies. Another important conclusion is that these nations have started to pay special attention to ethnic and religious criteria when identifying ‘parallel societies’.

Analysis of Adaptability Difference of Ecological Migration Based on Environmental Distance

Background and aims: Ecological migration refers to the population who originally lived in an area with a harsh natural environment and basically no living conditions, moved out of their original residence, settled in the new area, and rebuilt their homes. The large settlement formed after the migration is the ecological migration area. Thus, this study aims to analyze the orientation accumulation of emotion, behavior, and cognition. Materials and methods: Takes the ecological migration group in Minning Town, Ningxia as an example, from the three dimensions of emotion, behavior, and cognition, adopts the concept of "environmental distance", and comprehensively uses quantitative research methods such as the questionnaire method, environmental distance model and multiple linear regression model. Results: The results show that to more scientifically explore the degree of change of teachers, students, parents, and administrators due to environmental changes before and after poverty alleviation in basic education in ecological immigrant areas, as well as the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting the adaptability of the basic education environmentConclusions: The author hopes to put forward the development path and strategy of basic education in ecological immigrant areas.

Policy Studies Yearbook Annual Review 2022–23: Note from the editor and call for papers

<i>Policy Studies Yearbook Annual Review</i> 2022–23: Note from the editor and call for papers

Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Italy : Report of 7 Years of a Low Cost and Reproducible Program in an Area of Immigration of High Risk Population

Introduction Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a global health problem which presents significant challenges to European health care systems. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCD enables early initiation of preventive measures and has contributed to a reduction in childhood mortality from SCD. There are two alternative approaches to NBS. "Targeted screening" takes the ethnic ancestry of every newborn into account. Testing is restricted to babies whose parental family origins are from 'at risk' ethnic groups. In contrast, "universal screening" is offered to the whole newborn population irrespective of family origins. The area of Modena, a province of Emilia Romagna in Northern Italy, with a total population of 700,914 inhabitants, accounts for approximately 92,400 (13.2%) immigrants, mainly from sub-Saharan countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal) in which SCD is endemic. The growing number of new diagnoses in children after the first years of life prompted us to design the first neonatal screening program in the province of Modena from 2011 to 2013. This pilot study allowed us to identify patients with SCD to provide as early as possible appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, immunizations and comprehensive care. These encouraging results led us to establish a wider screening program, free of charge for the family and supported by the national health system (SSN). We describe the results of 75-year SCD newborn screening from 2015 to 2021. Methods The newborn screening program coordinated at the University Hospital of Modena involved all Obstetrics Units of the Province, taking advantage of the organization of the Italian Transfusion Medicine Departments whose mission is to study and prevent the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). From January 1 2015 to December 31 2021, profile analysis of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was offered to all women within 10 weeks of pregnancy according to the Italian Guidelines for Physiological pregnancy. HPLC was also performed at delivery to the new mothers that were not tested previously ( universal screening) and to cord blood of newborns of mothers with altered hemoglobin profile (newborns at risk- target screening ). Blood samples from mother and newborns were collected daily from all maternity units of the province in EDTA (ethylendiaminetrate-acetic acid anticoagulant) and shipped to the Transfusion Medicine Departament for HDN study and then stored for 7 days at 5°C in accordance with the Italian Legislation. Results As shown in Table 1, an abnormal hemoglobin pattern was found in 2011 women and cord blood samples of their newborns at risk were tested within a week of birth . All 20 SCD ( 14 SS - 6 SC - 1 BS ) affected newborn were identified within 7 days from birth and referred immediately to pediatric hematology department of the University of Modena for early start of prophylaxis protocols and comprehensive care. The birth rate of affected infants was 0.5/1000. The current follow-up of these patients shows a significant reduction of morbidity and hospital admission compared to those who were not screened . Conclusion This is the first example of a universal screening for hemoglobinopaties involving an entire province in Italy. It allowed to start prophylaxis (amoxicillin and vaccination) for newly diagnosed SCD patients within a week after birth which is much earlier than the typical onset of disease symptoms. WHO indicates disease oriented program when the affected birth rate is about 0.5/1000.The benefit of obtaining an early diagnosis of SCD and the limited cost of the procedure support the plan of extending this reliable, simple and cost-effective screening protocol to other Italian regions/geographic areas that could be involved in migration of high-risk population for SCD . Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

EVALUATION OF IMMIGRATION AREA STANDARDIZATION POLICY AT ARUK PLBN

Based on the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 44 of 2015 concerning procedures for checking entry and exit of Indonesian territory, which includes discussing facilities and infrastructure in the immigration area. The results of observations related to facilities and infrastructure for the implementation of immigration checks at TPI Aruk are not in accordance with Permenkumham Number 44 of 2015. Because facilities and infrastructure are an important element in supporting immigration checks. So this study discusses the evaluation of existing facilities and infrastructure at TPI Aruk. This study aims to evaluate the standard policy of the immigration area at the Aruk TPI as well as efforts to improve immigration services. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach where humans are the main actors in determining the results of writing which are described through words or statements according to the circumstances that occur. The results of this study indicate that the existing facilities and infrastructure are not in accordance with Permenkumham Number 44 of 2015 and also the layout of the immigration area is not strategic, causing immigration checks to not run optimally.

From zero to hero: the spatio-temporal patterns and migration influence mechanism of world-class athletes in China

At present, China is in an important stage of transition into a global sports power where “outstanding competitive sports talents” are required to play an important role. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to conduct in-depth research on domestic “outstanding competitive sports talents” to promote the sustainable development of China's competitive sports and enhance its comprehensive strength. In this study, WCA refers to “world-class athletes,” indicating a group of talents who won medals in international sports events such as the Olympic Games during 2009–2019. In this regard, this study uses statistical and spatial analysis methods to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics, evolutionary process, and migration mechanism of Chinese WCA. The conclusion shows that: In terms of temporal characteristics, the population numbers in general and among different genders are characterized by a “three peaks and two troughs” pattern. In contrast, the individual temporal pattern is characterized by an “inverted U″ and “inverted V″, with an average age of 23.18 years. In terms of space, a positive correlation is shown on the whole (Moran's I > 0), however, characteristics of geographical proximity and spatial heterogeneity are not prominent, illustrating the spatial form of random distribution with low aggregation which is primarily concentrated in the southeast of China and demonstrates a “northeast-southwest” trend. There are apparent differences between areas of origin and immigration areas: Liaoning and Shandong are the main areas of origin while destination areas are frequently located in the southeast and “People's Liberation Army of China” (PLA for short). Lastly, this paper discusses the causes and influences of the migration groups from three aspects: the migrating talents, the areas of origin and immigration areas, and Chinese sports, revealing the formation and influence mechanisms.

Demographic Transition in Natural Watersheds: Evidence from Population Aging in the Yellow River Basin Based on Various Types of Migration

Environmental phenomena in natural watersheds have attracted much attention, while where demographic transition, especially population aging, have not. Therefore, we try to analyze regional evolution of population aging in the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of population migration during 1990–2020, in order to explain the laws and mechanism of demographic transition in natural watersheds. Population aging in the Yellow River Basin began in its downstream cities in 1990 and spread to its middle and upper reaches, showing positive spatial correlation. Aging population in the Yellow River Basin forms obvious geographic agglomeration, namely a nonstandard inverted M-shaped agglomeration pattern. During 2000–2020, regional evolution of population aging in the Yellow River Basin is affected by various types of population migration, whose extent varies greatly, especially for the scale of an aging population. Among them, the scale of an aging population in a slow and deep emigration area (SDE) and a slow and shallow emigration area (SSE) is significantly affected by migration speed (Ms), which is positive. However, the migration rate (Mr) has a negative impact on population aging in a slow and deep emigration area (SDE), slow and deep immigration area (SDI), slow and shallow emigration (SSE) and slow and shallow immigration area (SSI), whose degree of influence slightly differs. Only the power function graph of aging population (AP) in a slow and shallow immigration area (SSI) about migration speed (Ms) is convex, and that in other types about migration rate (Mr) or migration speed (Ms) is monotonically decreasing, while the inclination degree of whose graphs varies greatly.

Legal Uncertainty Regarding the Application of The Principle of Territoriality in the Immigration Area

The area of ​​immigration is an important aspect of immigration law enforcement and practice. This is because the immigration area preventively represents the sovereignty of a country. Even so, in the Immigration Law in Indonesia there are no special regulations regarding the immigration area. So there is the problem of a legal vacuum related to special regulations regarding the immigration area. This research is a normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study confirm that the principle of territoriality in the immigration area requires legal certainty. This is because in the practice of immigration, the principle of territoriality is an important principle, one of which is trying to prevent it from protecting the sovereignty of the state. In addition, the government needs to make a special legal product that regulates immigration areas in the form of Government Regulations and Presidential Regulations which can then be followed up technically with the regulations below. Technical follow-up to Government Regulations and Presidential Regulations can be in the form of a Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs and specifically technical instructions regarding immigration areas can be formed for officers and law enforcement officers in the immigration sector who are specifically tasked with immigration areas.

Predictors of latent class trajectories of depressive symptoms in Latina mothers.

Guided by the Family Stress Model (FSM) for minority families, the present study examined culture-specific (i.e., stress responses to anti-immigration actions and news, home-school dissonance) and general (i.e., financial strain, social support) risk and promotive factors as longitudinal predictors of Latina mothers' depressive symptom trajectories. Participants included 271 Latina mothers of early adolescents living in a new immigrant area in the southeast part of the United States, followed prospectively across four time points spanning 2 years. Mothers reported on their depressive symptoms at all four time points; risk and promotive factors were measured at Time 1 (T1). Latent class growth curve models identified three classes of mothers based on their depressive symptom trajectories. Roughly half of mothers reported low and decreasing symptoms, a third indicated moderate and increasing symptoms, and 10% displayed high and increasing symptoms. As expected, higher levels of stress responses to anti-immigration actions and news, home-school dissonance, and financial strain predicted membership in increasing symptom classes, whereas higher social support predicted membership in the decreasing symptom class. By adapting prevention and intervention efforts to the unique cultural and social contexts experienced by Latina mothers in new immigrant areas, practitioners may be better able to protect this segment of the population from experiencing depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Fintech’s relationship with subprime lending in immigrant gateway metropolitan areas

ABSTRACT Financial technology lending (fintech) is a subset of the mortgage industry characterized by all-online application processes and the inclusion of non-traditional applicant data in underwriting decisions. While national studies suggest that fintech lenders mimic traditional lenders and distribute subprime loans to minority borrowers and neighborhoods at higher rates than to white borrowers and neighborhoods, these studies exclude regional differences by race/ethnicity and nativity. We assess variation in neighborhood-level fintech and traditional subprime lending rates across immigrant gateway metropolitan areas. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data, we find that immigrant gateways are associated with higher rates of subprime lending than metropolitan areas with low rates of immigration. Results suggest that neighborhood-level composition of Asian and Latinx residents mediate the relationship between subprime lending and immigrant gateways in distinct ways depending on lender type. Findings suggest metropolitan and tract-level racial and ethnic patterns remain key factors in shaping subprime lending rates in a rapidly evolving mortgage credit market.