Immigration Detention Centres Research Articles

Pengawasan Keimigrasian Terhadap Pengungsi Luar Negeri di Indonesia dalam Implementasi Peraturan Presiden No 125 tahun 2016

This study aims to determine immigration control in dealing with refugees from abroad in Indonesia in the implementation of presidential regulation no 125 of 2016 where migration monitoring is necessary due to the increasing number of people who come to Indonesia as asylum seekers and refugees. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method where this method is one type of research method that seeks to describe and interpret objects as they are. The results of this study find that better monitoring is needed because foreign refugees are in a country where their rights must be protected. They represent the dilemma of the immigrant threat, especially when they bring different cultures and traditions into the local community. Supervision of Indonesian refugees held in immigration detention centers is well implemented on the spot. Monitoring programs in shelters, out of shelters, sent to destination countries, voluntary returns and deportations do not address issues related to the presence and activities of refugees while in Indonesia. Keywords: Presidential Regulation, Refugees,Supervision

Overview of Sabang Class II Checkpoint Immigration Office Authority of Foreign Ship and Solution Effort

This study aims to examine the Immigration authority of a foreign ship which was delegated by the Police who were arrested on suspicion of narcotics crimes committed by its crews. The ship entered Indonesian territory with an emergency status in November 2019. The crews and the ship were handed over to Sabang Immigration Office. The crews of the ship were subject to Immigration Administrative Action by being placed in the Medan Immigration Detention Center. Meanwhile, the ship became the responsibility of the Sabang Immigration Office. What is the authority of the Immigration Office against foreign ships for alleged narcotics crimes and what are the efforts made by Sabang Immigration? The qualitative research methodology in this research used data collected from various sources. The results of this study are based on the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia. They include the Immigration regulations which explain that the Immigration Office does not have authority over the ship since it is not in the realm of Immigration investigation. The Immigration Office sought to resolve the ship's problem by actively working with relevant agencies and coordinating with the leadership for instructions and directions.

Cultural Expertise versus Strategic Ignorance: Confronting Cultural Diversity In and Out of Court in Poland

Based on a systematic analysis of three databases of court decisions and a comprehensive overview of out-of-court use of cultural expertise in dispute resolution across various institutional contexts, this article investigates how Polish authorities tackle emerging issues of cultural diversity. Although Poland remains one of the European Union’s (EU) most ethnically and culturally homogeneous countries, increased immigration and internal pluralism bring new challenges for the courts and other public institutions involved in dispute resolution. Increasingly, generic references and commonsense understandings are replaced by more precise indications of sources, uses of academic sources or reports by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and appointment of relevant experts. On the other hand, judges still tend to attempt their own interpretations and usually reject motions to instruct social scientists as expert witnesses, choosing the approach once aptly described as “strategic ignorance.”2 Thus, in this article, I look at how Polish courts justify instruction (or rejection of motions to instruct) social scientists as expert witnesses and where they draw the line between common sense and expert interpretations of culture. I also survey the rising demand for cultural expertise in dispute settlement in immigration services, detention centers, the military, and education.

Abolitionist Feminism, Liberation Psychology, and Latinx Migrant Womxn

The increased presence of Latinx migrant womxn in immigration detention centers reflects the colonial, racialized, gendered, and capitalist nature of the punishing business in the United States. For Latinx migrant womxn, trauma from painful encounters with immigration detention may compound with suffering related to colonialism, imperialism, militarism, and racial capitalism. Grounded in the emancipatory frameworks of abolition feminism and liberation psychology, this article offers multi-level critical reflection strategies to support therapists in their efforts to resist the violent and oppressive nature of the immigration industrial complex and prison industrial complex.

Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons

Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons

PELAKSANAAN TUGAS SEKSI KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN RUMAH DETENSI IMIGRASI (RUDENIM) PEKANBARU

This study aims to analyze how the Security and Order Section of the Pekanbaru Immigration Detention Center is carried out. In this study, the benchmark used is to pay attention to security, service and disposition of the security and order section. The population in this study were the Head of Rudenim, Head of Security and Order Section, Head of Security Subsection, Head of Order Subsection, Commander of Immigration Guards, and Detainees. And the entire population is used as a sample where the Head of the Rudenim is a key informant and the security and order section uses a purposive sampling technique. Then for the detainees, researchers used the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique to divide the population into small groups that do not overlap but represent the entire population. Data collection conducted interviews with informants, data collection with respondents was carried out by distributing questionnaires, as well as documentation and author observations to see how the implementation of the tasks of the security and order section of the Pekanbaru Immigration Detention Center analyzed using the percentage data technique to find out how many percent of respondents answered it was carried out, quite implemented and not implemented. So based on it, it can be concluded that the research on the Implementation of the Security and Order Section of the Pekanbaru Immigration Detention Center is in the "Sufficiently Implemented" category, according to the respondents' responses.

Uniquely Vulnerable – Children in Immigration Detention

The needs of children detained at the southern border of the United States have attracted much attention and often heated discussion. Physicians reported significant ethical concerns and called for more transparency around care in detention facilities. 1 Crosby S.S. Annas G.J. Border babies – medical ethics and human rights in immigrant detention centers. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383: 297-299 Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar The American Academy of Pediatrics has promulgated a policy advocating for appropriate and compassionate care and outlining specific recommendations for post-release services. 2 Linton J.M. Griffin M. Shapiro A.J. Detention of immigrant children. Pediatrics. 2017; 139e20170483 Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar Pediatric Hospitalizations from Immigration Detention in Texas, 2015-2018The Journal of PediatricsVol. 244PreviewAlthough there are concerns regarding children's health in immigration detention, there are little data regarding hospitalizations in this population. Using 2015-2018 Texas inpatient data, we identified 95 hospitalizations of children in detention and found that most (60%) were driven by infectious causes, and that 37% of these children were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or intermediate ICU. Full-Text PDF Open Access

Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review.

Admissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from communities of color, with lower access to care and prevention, compared with the United States as a whole. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors present results of a systematic review of literature published since 2012 on STIs in US jails, prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers, and juvenile facilities. This updates an earlier review of STIs in short-term facilities. This current review contributed to new recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 treatment guidelines for STIs, advising screening for Trichomonas in women entering correctional facilities. The current review also synthesizes recommendations on screening: in particular, opt-out testing is superior to opt-in protocols. Carceral interventions-managing diagnosed cases and preventing new infections from occurring (eg, by initiating human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis before release)-can counteract structural racism in healthcare.

The impact of immigration detention on the health of asylum seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority groups as well as people in jails and immigration detention centers in the United States. Between April and August of 2020, the mean monthly COVID-19 case ratio for ICE detainees was 13.4 times that of the general U.S. population. This study aims to understand the experiences of detained asylum seekers during the pandemic and to provide insight into COVID-19's impact on this population's health. This qualitative study employed first-person, in-depth narratives obtained from 12 asylum seekers, all of whom were detained in immigration detention centers or prisons during the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic and were subsequently released. Detained asylum seekers reported inadequate medical care, obstacles to receiving care, an inability to social distance, poor hygiene, restricted movement, and a lack of infection control-- all which increased their risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19 and exacerbated health inequalities brought to the forefront by the pandemic. Advocating for improved disease prevention and screening, prompt access to health care and treatment, cohorting of infectious cases, and community alternatives to detention to decrease the detained immigrant population sizes are crucial to halt communicability of the virus and its subsequent morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

Inside the State, against the State

Drawing on document analysis and ethnographic fieldwork, this paper analyzes the tensions and paradoxes experienced by lawyers from an independent Human Rights organisation who daily work inside a French immigration detention centre, and provide legal relief to deportable immigrants awaiting their forced removal. On the one hand, these lawyers are activists who see their own job as one of critical advocacy which leads them to legally challenge deportation orders before court. But this mission, on the other hand, is an official one, and compels them to join the regular team of the centre and accept its rules. This strictly legalist perspective is both a strength and a limit to their everyday action, and modifies their capacity to change the fate of detained immigrants.

Performance as Intersectional Resistance: Power, Polyphony and Processes of Abolition

Australia’s brutal carceral-border regime is a colonial system of intertwining systems of oppression that combine the prison-industrial complex and the border-industrial complex. It is a violent and multidimensional regime that includes an expanding prison industry and onshore and offshore immigration detention centres; locations of cruelty, and violent sites for staging contemporary politics and coloniality. This article shares insights into the making of a radical intersectional dance theatre work titled Jurrungu Ngan-ga by Marrugeku, Australia’s leading Indigenous and intercultural dance theatre company. The production, created between 2019–2021, brings together collaborations through and across Indigenous Australian, Kurdish, Iranian, Palestinian, Filipino, Filipinx, and Anglo settler performance, activism and knowledge production. The artistic, political and intellectual dimensions of the show reinforce each other to interrogate Australia’s brutal carceral regime and the concept of the border itself. The article is presented in a polyphonic structure of expanded interviews with the cast and descriptions of the resulting live performance. It identifies radical ways that intersectional and trans-disciplinary performances can, as an ‘act of liberation’, be applied to make visible, embody, address, and help dismantle systems of oppression, control and subjugation.

Trends in Decarceration, COVID-19 Cases, and SARS-CoV-2 Testing in US Immigration Detention Centers From September 2020 to August 2021

Trends in Decarceration, COVID-19 Cases, and SARS-CoV-2 Testing in US Immigration Detention Centers From September 2020 to August 2021

Psychological Distress in Australian Onshore and Offshore Immigration Detention Centres from 2014–2018

This study examines the impact of length of detention and location of detention on psychological distress amongst Australian immigration detainees. This study employs a repeated measures cross-sectional study, utilising Australian government data from 2014 to 2018 that relied on the Kessler-10 (K10) to measure psychological distress. There were 21,703 assessments conducted which included 15,264 assessment onshore over a 5 year period and 6439 assessments offshore over a 3 year period. The mean overall K10 score onshore was 18.85, while offshore it was 24.37. K10 scores increased with length of time detained both onshore and offshore, with K10 scores offshore generally higher at each time point. The results of this study add to a growing body of evidence that suggests that length of time detained and particularly offshore detention has a substantial impact on mental health.

Health of children in Australian immigration detention centres: An analysis of the quarterly health reports from 2014 to 2017.

AimThis study examines 3 years of child and adolescent health data from Australian onshore and offshore immigration detention centres from 2014 to 2017, quantifying the health presentation data of children and adolescents in Australian immigration detention and comparing rates between onshore and offshore detention.MethodsThis study utilised the Quarterly Immigration Detention Health Reports over a period of 3 years. To compare onshore and offshore datasets, we calculated the rate of health events per quarter against the estimated quarterly onshore and offshore detention population of children. We ran a series of two‐proportion z‐tests for each matched quarter to calculate median z and P values for all quarters. These were used as an indicator as to whether the observed differences between onshore and offshore events were statistically significant.ResultsThe estimated number of children detained per quarter onshore ranged from 700 in 2014 (quarter 3) to 13 in 2016 (quarters 3 and 4); the estimated quarterly population of children in offshore detention ranged from 186 in 2014 (quarter 3) to 42 in 2017 (quarter 2). Children offshore had significantly higher rates of consultations with a mental health nurse (z = −1.96; P = 0.002), psychologist (z = −2.32; P = 0.01) and counsellor (z = −3.41; P < 0.001). As for reasons for presentation to general practitioners and psychiatrists, complaints related to skin (z = −1.97; P = 0.05), respiratory issues (z = −1.96; P = 0.05) and urological issues (z = −2.21; P = 0.03) were significantly higher amongst children detained offshore.ConclusionsCompared to children in the Australian community, children detained both onshore and offshore had greater health needs. Children offshore also presented more frequently with a range of complaints and accessed health services at higher rates than children detained onshore; this adds to growing evidence about the harms of offshore detention and detention more generally.

The mass release of migrants from UK immigration detention during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can be learned?

Convincing international evidence demonstrates that immigration detention adversely affects mental health. During the COVID-19 outbreak, additional concerns were raised about the safety and appropriateness of immigration detention. Consequently, several hundred migrants were released en masse from UK immigration detention centres, and few new detentions took place. Over 70% fewer migrants were held in detention centres in June 2020 compared with December 2019. This large 'natural experiment' has demonstrated that detaining fewer migrants is possible and it provides an opportunity to review the necessity for large-scale detention for the purpose of immigration control, as well as its impact on health inequalities. Additionally, given that detainee release arrangements had already been considered unsafe prior to the pandemic, clinicians and service providers should take into consideration that many of those released may not be receiving adequate post-release continuity of care.

The Politics of Pain in Immigration Detention

In this paper I draw on qualitative material from the first complete data set of the ‘ Measure of the Quality of Life in Detention’ (MQLD) survey in the UK to reflect on its implication for understanding and challenging these sites. While similarities between immigration detention centres and prisons make it tempting to place the testimonies from people in detention within the framework of the ‘pains of imprisonment’, I propose an alternative reading of these first-hand accounts. Rather than approaching them as sociological statements of suffering, caused by the loss of liberty, I interpret them as political statements which, in turn, demand a political response. Immigration removal centres (IRCs), these people assert, are fundamentally at odds with key values of a liberal democracy. Those detained within them are not considered to be equal members of a shared community of value; rather, their incarceration marks them out symbolically and, quite practically, as outsiders to these ideas. The pain people describe illuminates the need for a new politics of detention.

The History of Female Surgical Sterilization: A Social and Ethics Perspective

Introduction Female surgical sterilization is one of the most common methods of contraception used in the United States. Unfortunately, the development of sterilization procedures is rooted in racism, eugenics, and misogyny. It is this history that provides the impetus for this companion review, which accompanies our concurrent review on the history of female surgical sterilization. We first present the basis of coercive sterilization practices in the United States, the eugenics movement. The eugenics movement, which gained popularity in the United States in the early 20th century, promoted the idea that certain individuals should be discouraged or actively prevented from reproducing, especially through coercive sterilization practices. Second, we discuss the coercive sterilization practices of the early 20th century that became the foundation for coercive practices in our more recent history. During the early part of the 20th century, coerced sterilization became a state mandated procedure for those considered to be “unfit” to reproduce. A link between intelligence and race, and the disproportionate effect of eugenics policies on women provided the setup for the coerced sterilization of women from southern and eastern Europe, black women, Native American women, Hispanic, and Latinx women. We move on to discuss the coercive practices that took place in the mid-20th century, namely in the 1960s and 1970s. Our presentation includes the involuntary sterilization of women of Mexican origin in the 1960s at the Los Angeles County Medical Center, and the sterilization of thousands of Native American women in the 1970s. We then present examples of coercive sterilization in the 21st century, including the sterilization female inmates in California state prisons without appropriate consent, and reports of hysterectomies performed on women in a Georgia immigration detention center without their knowledge or consent. Finally, we include a discussion on the continued control over the reproductive choices of some individuals. We discuss the creation of a standard sterilization consent and policy for patients with Medicaid, which were intended to protect women from coercive sterilization practices; in reality, these policies have become barriers to obtaining a desired method of permanent contraception for low-income and minority women. We also examine the barriers to reproductive health care individuals face when seeking care at Catholic-based institutions, which now account for 4 of the 10 largest health care systems in the United States. Understanding the social history of surgical sterilization in the United States is of paramount importance to provide a more complete review of the history of the procedure. As surgeons who perform tubal sterilizations, obstetrician-gynecologists have an obligation to acknowledge the historical physical and social harm associated with the procedure, and advocate for better policies and practices that preserve patients' reproductive dignity. (J GYNECOL SURG 37:465)

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among refugees and migrants in immigration detention: systematic review with meta-analysis

Background The number of forced migrants is increasing worldwide. Some governments detain refugees and migrants in immigration detention centres, which is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Aims To estimate prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in child and adult refugees and migrants in immigration detention. Method Pre-registered systematic review with meta-analysis (Prospero ID: CRD42020196078). Results Systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Web of Science (final search date 1 October 2020) yielded nine eligible studies on the mental health of detained refugees and migrants (total n = 630 refugees and migrants, 522 of them in detention, among which 26 were children). For adults, prevalence rates for depression were 68% (95% CI 0.53–0.83%), for anxiety 54% (95% CI 0.36–0.72%) and for PTSD 42% (95% CI 0.22–0.63%). Theoretical comparisons with data from other meta-analyses revealed that prevalence rates and symptom severity were higher in detained, relative to non-detained samples. Conclusions Our data show a huge burden of mental health problems in detained refugees and migrants of all ages, also relative to non-detained samples. This suggests that immigration detention independently and adversely affects the mental health of refugees and migrants. This insight should encourage countries to minimise the use of immigration detention and implement alternative measures instead.

Examining life in detention: A process of survey translation and adaptation through an ecological and collaborative approach

This paper illustrates the process we engaged in to translate and adapt a survey to examine life in a migration-related detention center in Italy from the perspective of migrants detained. The process consisted of: the forward translation of the original measure performed by four independent translators; a blind backward translation to identify misinterpretations or incorrect cross-cultural and contextual adaptations; a synthesis of all translations to obtain a semifinal version; the creation of an Expert Committee composed of scholars, practitioners, and migrants with experience of detention to assess equivalence and content validity; and, finally, pretesting with a group of 15 detainees. Through this multi-step process we obtained a measure capable of grasping the context-specific meanings, needs and experiences that characterize migrants’ life in detention. The challenges and benefits of a collaborative and ecological approach to measurement translation and adaption are discussed in the final section.

Penanggulangan Orang Asing Yang Menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang dan Penyeludupan Manusia di Bidang Keimigrasian

Indonesia is a country that attracts the attention of foreigners to visit Indonesia. The number of foreign enthusiasts to visit the territory of Indonesia makes immigration a gateway for a country that is very picky in allowing foreigners to enter Indonesia. procedures that are deemed too difficult, individuals appear who can make it easier for foreigners to enter Indonesian territory. because of this, many people take advantage of it to gain profits by committing crimes in the form of human trafficking and people smuggling. This study describes the handling of foreigners who are victims of human trafficking and people smuggling in accordance with existing laws and regulations. In addition, the implementation of statutory regulations in terms of handling foreigners who become victims of trafficking in persons and people smuggling has been carried out by the Immigration Office in the form of placing foreigners in the Immigration Detention Center or other designated places without being subject to Immigration Administrative Actions and also different handling with detainees for other cases, as well as managing files and data from victims of trafficking in persons and people smuggling so that they can be immediately repatriated to their countries of origin. In repatriating victims to their countries of origin, immigration cooperates with the ministry of foreign affairs to coordinate with state representatives in Indonesia.