Immigration And Crime Research Articles

Studies of immigrant crime in Denmark

ABSTRACT Do the results of research on the relationship between crime and immigration status differ depending on the type of data examined? This question is posed and answered affirmatively in a paper based on a systematic review of ten Danish studies published between 2008 and 2017. The current review is motivated by the seemingly widespread perception that immigrants/descendants are at greater risk for committing crime than others even after adjusting for systematic differences between these groups. Using five criteria of relevance, a systematic search resulted in the identification of ten pertinent studies. The ten studies are reviewed in the current paper and form the basis of the conclusion that research results differ markedly depending on the type of data examined. This implies that public perceptions about crime and immigration status may rest on shaky ground. Five potential explanations are suggested to explain the inconsistencies found in the studies reviewed. Finally, five recommendations for future research are suggested in order move research forward.

“The Atlas of Our Skin and Bone and Blood”: Disability, Ablenationalism, and the War on Drugs

This paper explores the relationship between disability and the aspirational health of the civic body through an analysis of the criminalization of immigration and the war on drugs. In particular, this paper utilizes tools from transnational disability studies to examine the formation and maintenance of a form of ablenationalism operating within immigration reform and drug-related policies. Specifically, the militarization of border zones, as well as the vast austerity measures impacting people across North, Central, and South America have shaped notions of public health, safety, and security according to racial, gendered, and settler logics of futurity. The final section of the paper turns to three authors who have been situated in various ways on the margins of the United States, Gloria Anzaldúa (the Mexico-U.S. border), Aurora Levins Morales (Puerto Rico), and Margo Tamez (Lipan Apache). As such, this article analyzes the liberatory, affective, and future-oriented dimensions of disabled life and experience to chart possibilities for resistance to the converging momentum of carceral settler states, transnational healthcare networks, and racial capitalism.

Crimmigration, imprisonment and racist violence: Narratives of people seeking asylum in Great Britain

The past five decades have witnessed a dramatic growth in immigration controls. The external controls have expanded, but at the same time, there has been a proliferation of internal control measures. The British state has increasingly resorted to using penal machinery to punish people who violate immigration laws. Individuals can now be prosecuted under the criminal law and receive custodial sentences for immigration crimes. This article draws upon narratives, interviews and experiences of asylum seekers who were imprisoned for such crimes, in order to understand how their trauma is exacerbated and ways in which injuries are strategically and deliberately inflicted by the state and built within legal and policy frameworks. It draws attention to the racist nature of the crimmigration system and production of violence.

Immigration, Ethnicity, and Neighborhood Violence: Considering Both Concentration and Diversity Effects

Immigrant ethnicity remains a largely understudied aspect of the immigration–crime nexus. Instead, most research to date relies on a single measure of immigrant concentration—most commonly the percent foreign born, the percent recently arrived or the percent Latino/Hispanic. In doing so, studies fail to account for the potential heterogeneity within the immigrant population. This study provides a comprehensive examination of immigrant ethnicity by disaggregating the immigrant population by language and religious affiliation. Drawing on three waves of census data and 9 years of official recorded crime data, this study explores the impact of both immigrant concentration and diversity on violent crime across 882 neighborhoods located in two Australian cities. The results demonstrate that growth in the immigrant population—regardless of the language or religion group under consideration—does not lead to more violent crime within a neighborhood. Further, no language or religion group concentration is associated with more violent crime once the sociostructural and environmental features of neighborhoods are considered. Indeed, the growth and concentration of some ethnic groups are linked to less violent crime. However, both linguistically and religiously diverse neighborhoods encounter more violent crime.

Apathy and Color-Blindness in Privatized Immigration Control

Despite several widely covered scandals involving the role of for-profit corporations in administering immigration policy, the privatization of immigration control continues apace with the criminalization of immigration. How does this practice sustain its legitimacy among the public amid so much controversy? Recent studies on the criminalization of immigration suggest that supporters would explicitly vilify immigrants to defend the privatization of immigration control. Research on racialized social control, on the other hand, implies that proponents would avoid explicit racism and vilification and instead rely on subtler narratives to validate the practice. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of over 600 frames derived from nearly 200 news media articles spanning over 20 years, we find that journalists and their sources rarely vilify immigrants to justify the privatization of immigration control. Instead, they frame the privatization of immigration detention as a normal component of population management and an integral part of the U.S. economy through what we call the apathy strategy—a pattern of void in which not only the systematic oppression of immigrants is underplayed, immigrant themselves also become invisible.

Toward a Cultural Sociology of Immigration Control: A Call for Research

The criminalization of immigration has garnered a great deal of attention in the United States and abroad. Most research, however, examines the political and legal shifts that produced the contemporary system, as well as the implications of these shifts for immigrant communities. The cultural changes that have occurred for frontline immigration agents as an occupational group have not received the scrutiny they deserve. I argue that the control culture of immigration enforcers is a critical mechanism that stifles the viability of humanitarian-minded legal reforms in the U.S. immigration system. I call for a cultural sociology of immigration control work, with an emphasis on the perceptions, skills, and normative valuations of frontline immigration enforcers, and identify three specific areas for future research: (1) studying immigration enforcers as social control agents, (2) expanding analyses of immigration implementation beyond discretionary decision-making, and (3) disrupting the tendency to take the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis in migration studies. By pursuing this agenda on immigration agents’ work lives, we will better understand the rationalities that underlie their behaviors and shape immigration law in action.

Drugs, Crime, and Aggravated Felony Deportations: Moral Panic Theory and the Legal Construction of the "Criminal Alien".

The "aggravated felony" is an oft-overlooked legal distinction that provides the basis for the removal of thousands of immigrants each year. This category's broad expansion and definitive results draw from a punitive turn in crime, drug, and immigration policy, which occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. The concept of "moral panic" is a useful tool for those who seek to understand the development of punitive responses to perceived social problems. This article revisits the original formulations of moral panic theory in order to highlight the importance of societal context in determining the symbolic salience and punitive outcomes of moral panics. The goal of the article is to evaluate the thesis that a moral panic about immigrant criminality played an important role in the development of the aggravated felony category.

IMPLEMENTASI PERAN DIVISI KEIMIGRASIAN DALAM PENYELIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA KEIMIGRASIAN (Studi Pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Sumatera Barat)

Immigration investigations are carried out by the Immigration Officer as regulatedin Article 74 of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. The current globaldevelopments have pushed the mobility of the world population from one country toanother, which can have a positive and negative impact. In reality there are still manyimmigration violations committed by foreigners visiting the country of Indonesia. Based onthe results of the study concluded: First that the implementation of the role of theImmigration Division of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rightsof West Sumatra in the investigation of immigration crimes is still less than optimal interms of prosecution and immigration control. Secondly, the obstacles encountered in theinvestigation of immigration crimes were due to the lack of quality and quantity of humanresources in immigration PPNS, inadequate allocation of funds and operational facilities,lack of community awareness about the presence and activities of foreigners around themand difficulties in collecting evidence and witnesses. Third, efforts to overcome obstaclesto investigating immigration crimes are carried out by improving the quality and quantityof immigration PPNS human resources by providing regular training, providing foreignlanguage courses, disseminating immigration laws, further improving coordinationbetween relevant agencies, especially the police and prosecutors, as well as increasingsupervision of foreigners who come out, enter and carry out activities in the territory ofIndonesia.

Predicting Danger in Immigration Courts

Every year, the US government detains thousands of noncitizens in removal proceedings on the basis that they might pose a threat to public safety if released during the pendency of their removal proceedings. Using original audio recording data on immigration bond hearings, this study examines immigration judges’ determinations regarding which noncitizens pose a danger to the community. My multivariate analysis that controls for a variety of detainee background characteristics and criminal-conviction-related measures produced three main findings. First, I find that Central Americans are more likely to be deemed dangerous than non-Central Americans. Second, I find that detainees with attorneys are less likely to be deemed dangerous than pro se detainees. Finally, my analysis shows that whereas felony and violent convictions are associated with higher odds of being deemed dangerous, the recency of criminal convictions and the total number of convictions are not predictive of danger determinations. Together, these findings provide new insights into the socio-legal construction of immigrant criminality.

Crime and immigration

Crime and immigration

The Logic of Fear: Populism and Media Coverage of Immigrant Crimes

We study how news coverage of immigrant criminality impacted municipality-level votes in the November 2009 referendum in Switzerland. The campaign, successfully led by the populist Swiss People's Party, played aggressively on fears of Muslim immigration and linked Islam with terrorism and violence. We combine an exhaustive violent crime detection dataset with detailed information on crime coverage from 12 newspapers. The data allow us to quantify the extent of pre-vote media bias in the coverage of migrant criminality. We then estimate a theory-based voting equation in the cross-section of municipalities. Exploiting random variations in crime occurrences, we find a first-order, positive effect of news coverage on political support for the minaret ban. Counterfactual simulations show that, under a law forbidding newspapers to disclose a perpetrator's nationality, the vote in favor of the ban would have decreased by 5 percentage points (from 57.6% to 52.6%).

The Immigration Crime and Policy: Implementation of PPNS Authorities on Investigation

Immigration crime and criminal law are one of the interesting studies not only seen in terms of law enforcement but also criminal law politics and authority arrangements in immigration. For Indonesia, the problem of immigration is a challenging problem, not because it is only the location of Indonesia that is vast and has many access points for immigrants, but also the authority between institutions. Article 105 of Law Number 6 Year 2011 on Immigration, states that the Immigration Civil Servant Investigator is authorized as an Immigration criminal investigator conducted in accordance with the provisions. The results of this study are: (1) enforcement of immigration law conducted one of them with the investigation of perpetrators of violations of the Immigration Act. The process of investigating the perpetrators of violation of Immigration Law is based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code as lex generalis and Immigration Law as lex specialis. In this research, law enforcement has been carried out in order to participate in trading fake immigration/passport travel documents by providing unauthorized data or incorrect information to the Immigration officer to obtain travel documents of the Republic of Indonesia for himself, (2) in implementing immigration law enforcement function there are still obstacles faced Immigration Civil Servant Investigator include low knowledge, lack of operational fund, lack of public participation in reporting the existence of foreigner in their environment, weakness of coordination with other law apparatus and obstacle from law factors.

Effects in Disguise: The Importance of Controlling for Constructs at Multiple Levels in Macro–Level Immigration and Crime Research

Contemporary research suggests that immigrant communities often have lower rates of crime despite their disadvantaged status. Yet prior work often examines the immigration and crime association using only one level of analysis without regard for how this relationship might vary when analyzed across multiple levels of analysis simultaneously. Research also suggests that the immigration–crime link varies across spatial contexts. Using hierarchical Poisson Regression among a sample of 6,660 tracts nested within 55 cities, we examine whether the relationship between immigration and crime varies when examined at the tract and city levels simultaneously. We also include a cross–level interaction in our model to test whether the tract–level association between immigration and crime varies by the size of the foreign–born population at the city level. Results show that the immigration–crime link depends on the level of analysis, such that the relationship is positive at the tract level but negative at the city level. However, we find no support for our cross–level interaction.

FEARING EKSISTENCE OF ARTICLE 135 OF THE INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION LAW RELATED TO PROOFING OF FALSE MARRIAGE AT IMMIGRATION CRIME


 
 Pseudo-marriage or false marriage is one type of crime that is difficult to prove, so that until now there has never been a case of pseudo marriages stated by the prosecutor's office that the enforcement of immigration laws related to pseudo marriages is in Article 135 of Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning immigration has never been done, although there have been many suspected cases of pseudo-marital acts. This is because both Foreign Citizens as Indonesian actors and Citizens who are wives or husbands who are made guarantor after making legal marriages in obtaining immigration documents and / or citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia are protecting each other so that the immigration crime cannot be requested responsibility. The proof of the elements of immigration criminal acts of apparent marriage can be seen from the notion of false marriage itself.
 
 

LEGAL ACTION ON NIGERIAN WHO EXTENDS LIMIT OF IMMIGRATION RESIDENCE PERMIT: CASE STUDIES IN IMMIGRATION OFFICE OF WEST JAKARTA


 
 The increasing migration of Nigerian citizens in Indonesia has a mixed impact. Not only the economic sector, but also the increasing number of violations and immigration crimes. The Immigration Office of West Jakarta, which is the jurisdiction of the distribution of Nigerian residences, faces quite difficult problems. The formulation of the problems to be examined in this paper are as follows: (1) How do immigration actions carried out by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in resolving cases of Nigerian citizens who exceed the immigration residence permit time limit and (2) What are the obstacles faced by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in resolving the case. The research method used is qualitative empirical legal research. Based on the results of the discussion, the following legal facts are obtained. The efforts made by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in overcoming abuse of immigration permits by Nigerian citizens are divided into 2 (two) parts, namely preventive efforts and repressive efforts. Preventive efforts carried out by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta are well underway and in accordance with existing regulations. The preventive efforts are realized in 2 (two) systems, namely administrative supervision and field supervision. In addition, these preventive efforts have proven effective with quite a number of Nigerians who abuse immigration permits by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta. Then the existing repressions are felt to require changes in the granting of actions / punishments against Nigerian people who abuse immigration permits. The change is in the form of providing legal action for investigating the violators to take precedence. Because all this time what happened in the field of giving immigration action was prioritized in giving action to Nigerian people who misused immigration permits. Even though the provision of immigration actions does not give a deterrent effect to these actors. So that the impact of these actors will do the same thing again. In practice, in the field of supervision and repression of Nigerian citizens who abuse immigration residence permits carried out by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta, there must be various problems. These problems are divided into 2 (two) factors, namely from the outside and from within. The external factor itself consists of the motives of some Nigerian citizens who came to Indonesia. Then there is a fictitious sponsor that increasingly makes it difficult to trace the perpetrators of abuse of immigration permits. Furthermore, the imbalance between the area of ​​West Jakarta's work area and the number of personnel and equipment that does not support this. Then from the point of view of internal factors which are the obstacles is the lack of supporting factors in carrying out supervision and repression of Nigerian citizens who abuse immigration permits. Finally, the attitude of the immigration officers was less assertive in giving action to Nigerian citizens who committed abuse of immigration permits.
 
 

URGENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMMIGRATION FORENSIC SECTION AS A PREVENTIF EFFORTS: CASE STUDIES OF MALAYSIAN FAKE PASSPORT EXAMINATION ON THE NAME OF SELVARASA KRISNHA PILLAI


 
 Increased flow of traffic in and out of Indonesia, creates a variety of immigration crime rates. Passport forgery as a crime committed by changing, changing part or all of a passport or using false information to receive a passport has now become a serious problem. At present, almost all fake passport verification processes are carried out at the Immigration Forensic Laboratory at the Directorate of Immigration Intelligence. The formulation of the problems examined in this paper are (1) how does the function of the Immigration Forensic Laboratory function function as a preventive measure? (2) How does the function of the Immigration Forensic Laboratory function function in handling Malaysian national fake passport inspection cases on behalf of Selvarasa Krishna Pillai ?. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the Immigration Forensic Laboratory Section plays a role in implementing immigration preventive efforts. Preventive efforts carried out by the Immigration Forensic Laboratory Section include training in fake passport detection techniques, information exchange with other countries, and the dissemination of the latest information regarding immigration. Examination of fake immigration documents The Immigration Forensic Laboratory section plays a role in carrying out its functions by conducting fake passport checks in this case.
 
 

Aproximación teórica al concepto de securitización de la política migratória.

The negative perception of irregular migration and fearmongering have been exacerbated since the global financial crisis of 2008, leading the national security paradigm to prevail worldwide in the political discourse of current times, in detriment of the human rights discourse. As a result, the securitization rhetoric has taken hold of political debate to such an extent that it is leaving the issue of how migrations can contribute to the development of countries in the background. As discussed below, the abandonment of the humanitarian focus on migration policy results in the criminalization of poverty and immigration, stemming from the perception of the foreigner as a potential threat to the stability of public order in nations. In light of this, the interpretative framework of the Securitization Theory of the Copenhagen School and the new focuses of the Critical Security Studies will be useful to understand how the militarization of the migration flow control policy has gained a greater importance in the international landscape, also in part due to the globalization of risks.

Media Representations of Immigration in the Chilean Press: To a Different Narrative of Immigration?

This article examines representations of immigration in Chilean newspapers. From January to December 2016, a total of 507 articles from three mainstream newspapers were analyzed. The findings show a dual discourse on immigration in the Chileans press: a criminalization of immigrants, which frame them as delinquents, deviant, and dangerous people, and a positive and more humanizing discourse, which portrays them as people who deserve to be protected by the Chilean society. The study also finds a shift in the way media sources are representing immigration compared to previous reports, characterized by presenting alternative images of migrants, a more cautious use of language, and increased attention to the voices of governmental and religious leaders. Nevertheless, this shift has also intensified the “difference” and “otherness” of foreigners in Chile by repeatedly focusing on their nationality and differentiating between the “good” and “bad” immigrants.

Sentimientos y políticas antimigrantes y antimexicanos durante los primeros 18 meses de la Presidencia Trump

Trump’s destructive anti-immigrant and “Mexican-phobic” rhetoric has been the common denominator justifying the wide variety of executive orders he has signed and the highly punitive directives he has established as part of his hard-line immigration policy, which has played a leading role during his first 18 months as president. The author describes how, without congressional approval, he has made several moves and imposed numerous actions such as significantly increasing the criminalization of immigrants; considerably raising the number of detentions of non-criminal undocumented migrants; responding aggressively to sanctuary policies; putting an end to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) of more than one million immigrants; appreciably decreasing refugee admissions; banning Muslims from entering the U.S.; and very inhumanly and cruelly separating families at the border, among other measures. As president, Trump has enjoyed broad discretion to implement his aggressive hard-line immigration policy as never before; nonetheless, divisions within Congress and some objections from the courts have been crucial for stopping his harsh anti-immigrant policies. Trump’s actions have negatively affected immigrants, mainly of Mexican and Muslim origin, significantly damaging the historically strong bilateral relationship between the U.S. and Mexico.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM OLEH KEPOLISIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA TENAGA KERJA ASING ILEGAL (PENELITIAN DI KEPOLISIAN DAERAH SUMATERA UTARA)

Law enforcement against immigration crimes, especially the problem of misuse of foreign workers' residence permits by the law enforcement officers, especially Civil Servant investigators is still very weak. The reality shows that of the many cases of misuse of residence permits only a small number have reached the court stage. This can be seen in the development of the issue of illegal foreign workers which is being discussed in the community. The number of foreign workers from China continues to increase and on average these foreign workers do not have and meet the requirements as foreign workers. This situation needs serious attention from the government, especially the law enforcement. Based on the results of the research and discussion, law enforcement by the police is based on the authority of the police as the investigators and conducts the investigations of every criminal act which is regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code and Law no. 2 of 2002 concerning the Police. The obstacle to law enforcement against Illegal Foreign Workers by the Police is the weak authority possessed by the Police; this is related to the handing over of the authority to investigate any criminal act in the field of immigration to the Immigration Civil Servant Investigators. Another obstacle found was the lack of integrated coordination between the immigration civil servants investigators and Republic of Indonesia Police Investigators. Immigration criminal law policies are implemented by formulating immigration criminal offenses and expanding the subject of criminal acts and objects of criminal acts in the field of immigration. In addition, the immigration law criminal policy, namely by qualifying immigration crimes as special crimes, and giving special authority to the Immigration Civil Servant Investigators to conduct investigations on immigration crimes. Keywords : Law Enforcement, Police, Illegal Foreign Workers.