Immersion Time Research Articles

Engagement of computerized and electrochemical methods to develop a novel and intelligent electronic device for detection of heroin abuse

In this work, a novel biosensing platform was fabricated based on modification of a rotating glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with chitosan-ionic liquid (Ch-IL) composite film, electrochemical synthesis of gold palladium platinum trimetallic three metallic alloy nanoparticles (AuPtPd NPs) onto its surface, and electrosynthesis of dual templates molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) where morphine (MO) and codeine (COD) used as template molecules. The AuPtPd NPs were synthesized under different electrochemical conditions, and surfaces of electrodes were investigated by digital image processing, and the best electrode was chosen. Effects of experimental variables on response of the biosensor to MO and COD were optimized by a central composite design (CCD), and under optimized conditions (concentration of the phosphate buffered solution (PBS): 0.09 M, pH of the PBS: 3.21–3.2, time of immersion: 204.8–205 s, and rotation rate: 2993.51–3000 rpm) the biosensor responses to MO and COD were individually calibrated (1–20 pM for MO and 0.5–12 pM for COD), three-way calibrated by PARASIAS, PARAFAC2, and MCR-ALS, and validated in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid as uncalibrated interference. Finally, performance of the biosensor in simultaneous determination of MO and COD in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid as uncalibrated interference in human serum samples were verified and compared with the results of HPLC-UV as the reference method which guaranteed it as a reliable method.

Influence of Nano-Silicon Dioxide in the Enhancement of Surface Structure of Public Filler and Properties of Recycled Mortar

This paper proposes a method of enhancing public filler (PF) with nano-SiO2 (NS) to prepare modified recycled aggregate mortar (RAM). The improvement effect of NS solution at different concentrations and immersion times on the macroscopic physical properties of recycled public fine aggregates (PFA) was investigated. Moreover, the effect of NS on the basic physical properties and durability of recycled mortar (RM) and the reinforcement mechanism of NS on recycled mortar was analyzed through various techniques. Results indicated that the modification effect of NS could remove loose cement mortar from the surface of PFA. It reacted with calcium hydroxide and calcite to generate nano-particles that could fill pores in PFA. The water absorption rate of PFA decreased to 9.3% when immersed in 2% NS solution for 72 h. There was no significant improvement in the mechanical properties of RM when the solution concentration and immersion time were increased. However, the compressive strength of RM prepared by modifying PFA with 2% NS was increased by about 21.9%, and the capillary water absorption and electric flux were reduced by 56.3% and 15.1%, respectively. Micro-analysis results showed that the volcanic ash effect of NS enabled it to react with Ca(OH)2 adhered to the surface of PFA, generating C-S-H and improving the interfacial bonding of PFA. Moreover, NS adsorbed on the surface of PFA dispersed into the freshly mixed cement slurry, which further enhanced the internal structure of PFA.

Effect of the insertion of silver nanoparticles on the performance and electrical features of Ag/SiNWs Schottky diode

In this paper, we studied the effect of the passivation of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the efficiency of Ag/SiNWs/Si Schottky diodes. SiNWs are obtained by one-step Ag-assisted chemical etching method. AgNPs were deposited on SiNWs using an electroless dipping method. Schottky junction devices have been successfully made using silicon nanowires coated with silver nanoparticles. The current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of Ag/AgNPs-SiNWs Schottky diode have been investigated by varying the immersion time in silver nitrate solution from 1 to 5 min. The I-V characteristics presented in logarithmic scale confirmed the domination of SCLC conduction mechanism at high voltage. The ideality factor (n), height of potential barrier (φb) and series resistance (Rs) of diodes are calculated by adopting the Cheung method. Compared to the Ag/SiNWs Schottky junction, the diode that presents AgNPs at the interface shows a significant improvement in electrical parameters. The potential barrier reaches 1.09 eV and the ideality factor is reduced to 2.64 with the presence of AgNPs for an immersion time of 1 min. Norde’s equation has also been used to calculate the series resistance and the potential barrier. The results obtained by Norde method are slightly shifted compared to those found by Cheung functions while the findings concerning the optimization of the immersion time are practically the same.

Analysis of a film-forming amine response in impedance spectra

In this study, a detailed analysis of the dielectric response of a film-forming amine (1,3 N-oleyl propanediamine (OLDA)) in impedance spectra is presented, addressing both “bulk” OLDA and adsorbed OLDA layer on a carbon steel surface. The dielectric response of the “bulk” OLDA in the absence of electrolyte over an extensive temperature range (-150 °C to 50 °C) was explored by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Subsequently, the response of the OLDA adsorbed layer on the steel surface was analysed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), for various immersion times (2 min to100 min) and temperatures (25 °C to 75 °C) in an aqueous NaCl solution.Impedance spectra (BDS and EIS), interpreted through the complex conductivity formalism, showed a resistive behaviour in the mid-frequency range and a capacitive behaviour at higher frequencies. The high frequency capacitive response in EIS spectra was shown to contain contributions from the OLDA layer and from the electrochemical double layer, as well. The temperature dependency of the OLDA conductivity was found to be similar to the temperature dependency of the electrolyte resistance, suggesting that the electrolyte (water and ions) crossed the OLDA layer to reach the steel surface. The presence of gauche defects in the OLDA alkyl chain, revealed by polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) analyses, may be a contributing factor to the disorder in the adsorbed layer, facilitating electrolyte infiltration.

Grafted sepiolite as smart nanocontainer for Daphne Gnidium plant extract: PH-dependent controlled release and effective green anti-corrosion coating

This study focuses on advancing the development of environmentally sustainable and efficient active anti-corrosion coatings for metal substrates in various engineering applications. A novel smart anti-corrosive container was developed using fibrous sepiolite clay (Sep). Sep was first subjected to grafting with 3-Aminopropyl-diethoxy-methylsilane (APDEMS). Subsequently, the grafted-Sep (Sep-G) was used to load a Daphne Gnidium plant extract (DGE) as a natural corrosion inhibitor. The modification process of Sep was carefully monitored and characterized through Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV/visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results highlighted the successful clay modification with a silane loading of 7.68 % and a DGE adsorbed amount of approximately 58 mg/g. The DGE release behavior of the elaborated nanocomposite (Sep-G@DGE) was studied at different pH values and showed distinct pH-dependent release profiles. The rates were in the following order: acidic > alkaline > neutral. Electrochemical properties of Sep-G@DGE were investigated on a bare mild steel electrode in 0.1 M NaCl solution, demonstrating a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 90 % for a 24-hour immersion time at a concentration of 1 g/L. Moreover, the beforehand prepared nanocontainer, Sep-G@DGE, was incorporated into an alkyd resin to formulate a smart anti-corrosion coating. This coating exhibited enhanced anti-corrosion properties and sustained inhibitory effects over time compared to that of a pure alkyd coating. The coating's efficiency is attributable to the high dispersion of the layered clay mineral structure, which allowed an on-demand release of the DGE inhibitor. In addition, the presence of free APDEMS NH3+ group leads to the formation of electrostatic interactions with the adsorbed chloride ions on the metal surface, acting thus as a barrier against corrosive agents and inhibit rust formation in paint cracks.

Experimental, theoretical and computational studies of oxalyl dihydrazide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution

In this work, the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) for mild steel in neutral saline solution are in-depth studied using weight-loss and electrochemical tests, surface characterizations, theoretical calculation and computational simulations. Results indicate that ODH can act as a novel and superior mixed-type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution, its corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with the rising ODH concentration, and the optimum value reaches 88.7 % with adding 200 mg/L. Its corrosion inhibition ability becomes better with immersion time. A compact corrosion product film mainly consisting of Fe, O, N and Cl elements formed on metal surface after adding ODH. ODH molecules adsorb on metal surface in an orderly fashion to form a hydrophobic film, which is belonging to the physicochemical adsorption and obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The corrosion inhibition process of ODH molecule on mild steel is the endothermic process, which enlarges the activation energy barrier of corrosion reactions. ODH molecule can expel the adsorbed water molecules on metal surface and form copolymers with increasing of ODH concentration, retarding the diffusion of water molecule thus protecting metal from corrosion. ODH is proved to be an effective organic corrosion inhibitor for protecting mild steel in neutral saline solution, and contributes toward research and application of easily accessible sources for organic corrosion inhibitors.

Simple Synthesis of Cellulose Triacetate from HVS Paper Waste and Its Application for Optode

The optode membrane is a membrane that can identify ions in an aqueous solution. One of the most widely used optode membranes is cellulose triacetate based. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) has the characteristics of hydrophobic, transparent, elastic, and affordable. There are sources of cellulose triacetate that can be utilized and waste paper is one of them. Waste paper is extracted to obtain the cellulose, then by acetylization reaction to produce cellulose triacetate. The resultant cellulose triacetate has a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.89 and an acetyl group percentage (% AG) of 43.64. The standard and synthesized CTA optode membrane are tested for performance with various parameters, ie optimum pH, optimum immersion time, working range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The standard CTA optode membranes and synthesized worked at pH 3 and 4 with optimum immersion time for 15 min, respectively. The optode produced a linear response in detecting Cr(VI) ion in the concentration range of 0.02-1 mg/L for standard CTA with an R2 of 0.9726 and 1-25 mg/L for synthesized CTA with an R2 of 0.9764, The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0015 mg/L and 0.0051 mg/L for standard CTA, while 0.0224 mg/L and 0.0749 mg/L for synthesis CTA respectively. Since both optode membranes' performance test results are adequate, the synthesis results of CTA optode membranes can be employed as one source of cellulose triacetate.

Evaluation of green corrosion inhibitors of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives for CO2 corrosion inhibition on 20# carbon steel

Two chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, VCOS and GCOS, were synthesized and explored as corrosion inhibitors, the synergistic inhibition effect of KI and VCOS was also studied. Their structures were elucidated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The inhibition efficacy of VCOS+KI and GCOS on 20# steel within an 80℃, 3 wt% NaCl, CO2-saturated solution system was investigated employing various techniques, including gravimetric measurement, electrochemical analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the inhibition efficiency of VCOS is relatively low when it acts alone. When VCOS and KI are combined, they have a good synergistic effect, and the synergistic parameter is the highest at 6.209. In the weight loss experiment, the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of the corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition rates of VCOS+KI and GCOS were 90.5 % and 90.2 %, respectively. The adsorption on 20# steel conformed to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation. The measurement results of SEM, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and AFM show that VCOS+KI and GCOS adsorbed on the surface of carbon steel to form a dense inhibitor film, which effectively protected the metal substrate. According to the polarization test results, both VCOS+KI and GCOS are mixed-type inhibitors primarily exhibiting anodic inhibition, with inhibition efficiencies reaching 98.9 % and 95.1 %, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that with increasing inhibitor concentration and immersion time, Rct increased and Cdl decreased, resulting in a gradual increase in inhibition efficiency and the formation of a dense and stable inhibitor film. The results indicate that VCOS+KI and GCOS are non-toxic, water-soluble, and environmentally friendly inhibitors with good anti-corrosion performance.

Functional and structural modification of polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotubes composite fibers

This research was based on the synthesis of new materials with capacitive properties and low cost, seeking efficient energy storage, through the manufacture and characterization of composite materials of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group (MWCNTs-COOH) (1 %) for electrodes. Forcespinning and electrospinning techniques were used to develop composite fiber films and compare the physical structure of the fibers and its influence on their capacitive properties. These samples were characterized by SEM, FESEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The characterization of the composites makes evident the structural modification that the material underwent after the treatments. The electrochemical parameters were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with the samples immersed in H2SO4 1 M as electrolyte. The PVA/MWCNTs-COOH composites with thermal treatment (340 °C) showed a considerable decrease in total impedance of up to 6 orders of magnitude (124 Ω) with respect to the blank sample (2.3 × 108 Ω), as a function of the immersion time in the acid solution. As well as, an increase in the specific capacitance of up to 8 orders of magnitude (1.01×10−2 F cm−2) with respect to the blank sample (5.07 × 10−10 F cm−2) for the composite manufactured by the electrospinning technique. The obtaining of fibers with directionality as a result of the forcespinning technique, the highly crossed network observed by electrospinning and the electrochemical properties shown by the structural modification of PVA/MWCNTs-COOH composite, make it, a material with potential technological applications such as electrode in electrochemical capacitors.

تثبيط التآكل للصلب المقوى في كلوريد الصوديوم بنسبة 3.5 % باستخدام عقار بنتوكسيفيلين منتهي الصلاحية: دراسة فقدان الكتلة

Corrosion is a major issue affecting the durability and performance of various metallic materials, leading to substantial economic losses and safety hazards. The corrosion of reinforced steel in sodium chloride environment poses a significant concern for various industrial applications. This study aims to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties of expired pentoxifylline drug on reinforced steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The mass loss method was utilized to quantify the corrosion rate and assess the efficiency of the expired pentoxifylline drug as a potential corrosion inhibitor. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of steel in the 3.5% NaCl solution decreased significantly in the presence of expired drug. Higher concentrations of expired drugs have shown a greater impact on corrosion inhibition. Investigation of the effects of temperature on corrosion inhibition efficacy. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentrations of the inhibitor and decreased with increasing immersion time. The experimental data were tested according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, through which the equilibrium adsorption constant (Kads) was calculated and found to be 4.38 litres mol-1 as the maximum value when immersed for one day. The standard free energy of adsorption (∆G_ads^o) ranged from 45 to 30.5 kJ mol-1. Keywords: Reinforced steel, sodium chloride medium, inhibition, expired drugs, pentoxifylline

Graded or random – Effect of pore distribution in 3D titanium scaffolds on corrosion performance and response of hMSCs

Researchers agree that the ideal scaffold for tissue engineering should possess a 3D and highly porous structure, biocompatibility to encourage cell/tissue growth, suitable surface chemistry for cell attachment and differentiation, and mechanical properties that match those of the surrounding tissues. However, there is no consensus on the optimal pore distribution. In this study, we investigated the effect of pore distribution on corrosion resistance and performance of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) using titanium scaffolds fabricated by laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). We designed two scaffold architectures with the same porosities (i.e., 75 %) but different distribution of pores of three sizes (200, 500, and 700 μm). The pores were either grouped in three zones (graded, GRAD) or distributed randomly (random, RAND). Microfocus X-ray computed tomography revealed that the chemically polished scaffolds had the porosity of 69 ± 4 % (GRAD) and 71 ± 4 % (RAND), and that the GRAD architecture had the higher surface area (1580 ± 101 vs 991 ± 62 mm2) and the thinner struts (221 ± 37 vs 286 ± 14 μm). The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the apparent corrosion rate of chemically polished GRAD scaffold decreased with the immersion time extension, while that for polished RAND was increased. The RAND architecture outperformed the GRAD one with respect to hMSC proliferation (over two times higher although the GRAD scaffolds had 85 % higher initial cell retention) and migration from a monolayer. Our findings demonstrate that the pore distribution affects the biological properties of the titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Corrosion behavior of TiN monolayer and CrN/TiN multilayer coatings: Impact of immersion time and saline solution type

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of the TiN monolayer and CrN/TiN multilayer coatings deposited via cathodic arc evaporation physical vapor deposition (CAE‐PVD) on the Ti–6Al–4V substrates were evaluated in Ringer's and Hank's physiological saline electrolytes. XRD (x‐ray diffractometry) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the coatings. The corrosion behavior of coatings was assessed by impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of coatings was increased in the order of TiN‐Ringer's < TiN‐Hank's < CrN/TiN‐Ringer's < CrN/TiN‐Hank's. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CrN/TiN coating, due to having a large number of interfaces and a smoother surface with fewer macroparticles and pinholes, is more efficient in raising the corrosion resistance properties of titanium than TiN monolayer coating. Moreover, it was observed that Ringer's solution is a more severe environment than Hank's solution. Both coatings, because of the precipitation of a protective corrosion products layer on their surface, showed an enhancement in corrosion resistance with increasing the immersion time from 1 to 14 days in Hank's. The results suggest TiN monolayer and CrN/TiN multilayer coatings as promising candidates for biomedical applications.

Biomimetic Bi3+ substituted borate bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering via enhanced biological and antimicrobial activity

Biomimetic borate-based bioactive glasses (BAGs), substituted with metal oxides, serve as prominent candidates for the repair and regeneration of both hard and soft tissues. In the current study, bismuth mixed borate BAGs (60-X) B2O3–25CaO–15Na2O–XBi2O3 (X = 2, 4, 6, 8 & 10 mol.%) were synthesized using melt-quench method and systematically evaluated for their structural properties, followed by in-vitro biological performance and enhanced antimicrobial activity, using various characterization techniques and bioassays. The BAG structure was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The density and mechanical properties of the BAGs were found to increase with increase in bismuth content of the borate glass network. The XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Bi3+ ions embedded in the glass network. From DTA, it is noticed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased and thermal stability (ΔT) values increased, with increased Bi2O3 content. Further, the bioactivity via hydroxy apatite (HAp) layer formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive spectra (SEM-EDS) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM), both before and after soaking the glass samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. The results revealed that Bi3+ modified borate BAGs exhibited good HAp layer formation on their surfaces upon immersion in SBF solution. Moreover, the pH variation and degradation followed a trend, with increased in immersion time and decrease with Bi2O3 content. Lastly, in vitro cell culture tests on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells demonstrated that the as-developed BAGs were non-toxic and cytocompatible in nature; in addition, they also displayed demonstrable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains. Thus, the developed Bi2O3 mixed borate BAGs become suitable candidates for bone substitutes, especially for bone tissue regeneration and repair applications.

Effect of Temperature and Immersion Time on Corrosion of Pipeline Steel Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Effect of Temperature and Immersion Time on Corrosion of Pipeline Steel Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Influence of Water Immersion Time on Optimal Composition of Wood-Plastic Composites Using Mixture Experiment Design and Response Surface Methodology

Influence of Water Immersion Time on Optimal Composition of Wood-Plastic Composites Using Mixture Experiment Design and Response Surface Methodology

Synergistic corrosion behavior of Cl− and oxalic acid on ADC12 aluminum alloy

PurposeAs a commonly engine coolant, ethylene glycol can produce corrosive acid byproducts at high temperatures when the car is running, specifically oxalic acid (OA), which can shorten the service life of engine. At the same time, chloride ions can also be introduced during coolant preparation processes. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the synergistic corrosion behavior of Cl− and OA on ADC12 aluminum alloy.Design/methodology/approachThe electrochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used.FindingsThe results showed that the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy increased with the increase of OA and Cl− concentrations. After adding Cl−, the surface film of the aluminum alloy was further damaged, Cl− has a synergistic effect with OA and their interaction further accelerated the corrosion of the aluminum alloy. Nevertheless, as the immersion time increased, the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy gradually diminished due to the formation of aluminum oxalate.Originality/valueThe corrosion of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied in OA, Cl− and their mixed solutions; the synergistic effect of OA and Cl− on the corrosion of ADC12 aluminum alloy was discussed, and aluminum oxalate formed inhibited its corrosion.

Influence of Immersion Time on the Frequency Domain Characteristics of Acoustic Emission Signals in Clayey Mineral Rocks.

The frequency domain characteristics of acoustic emission can reflect issues such as rock structure and stress conditions that are difficult to analyze in time domain parameters. Studying the influence of immersion time on the mechanical properties and acoustic emission frequency domain characteristics of muddy mineral rocks is of great significance for comprehensively analyzing rock changes under water-rock coupling conditions. In this study, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were conducted on sandstones containing montmorillonite under dry, saturated, and different immersion time conditions, with a focus on analyzing the effect of immersion time on the dominant frequency of rock acoustic emission. The results indicated that immersion time had varying degrees of influence on compressive strength, the distribution characteristics of dominant acoustic emission frequencies, the frequency range of dominant frequencies, and precursor information of instability failure for sandstones. After initial saturation, the strength of the rock sample decreased from 53.52 MPa in the dry state to 49.51 MPa, and it stabilized after 30 days of immersion. Both dry and initially saturated rock samples exhibited three dominant frequency bands. After different immersion days, a dominant frequency band appeared between 95 kHz and 110 kHz. After 5 days of immersion, the dominant frequency band near 0 kHz gradually disappeared. After 60 days of immersion, the dominant frequency band between 35 kHz and 40 kHz gradually disappeared, and with increasing immersion time, the dominant frequency of the acoustic emission signals increased. During the loading process of dry rock samples, the dominant frequency of acoustic emission signals was mainly concentrated between 0 kHz and 310 kHz, while after saturation, the dominant frequencies were all below 180 kHz. The most significant feature before the rupture of dry rock samples was the frequent occurrence of high frequencies and sudden changes in dominant frequencies. Before rupture, the characteristics of precursor events for initially saturated and immersed samples for 5, 10, and 30 days were the appearance and rapid increase in sudden changes in dominant frequencies, as well as an enlargement of the frequency range of dominant frequencies. After 60 days of immersion, the precursor characteristics of rock sample rupture gradually disappeared, and sudden changes in dominant frequencies frequently occurred at various stages of sample loading, making it difficult to accurately predict the rupture of specimens based on these sudden changes.

Response Optimisation and Modelling of Experimental Data on the Performance of <i>Lasienthera africanum</i> Leaves Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric-Induced Environment

In this study, the CCD response surface methodology was used to model and optimise the performance of Lasienthera africanum leaves extract (LALE) as a corrosion inhibitor on mild steel. The experimental parameters were assessed at different immersion time and inhibitor concentration to determine the optimum conditions for corrosion mitigation. Using experimental results of the corrosion characteristics such as the weight loss, corrosion rate, and inhibition efficiency of LALE, new models were developed, the significance of which was tested using variance analysis. The developed RSM models of WL, CR, and IE were accurate and reliable, and their P-values were 0.0001, which is less than 0.05. Likewise, the R2-statistics (R2, adjusted-R2, and predicted-R2), adequate precision, and diagnostic plots were also used as a means to ascertain the degree of accuracy and adequacy of the WL, CR, and IE models. In addition, optimization of the corrosion inhibition process for LALE revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum IE, minimum WL, and CR were achieved at a concentration of 93.93 ppm and an immersion time of 228 hrs. Under these settings, the inhibition efficiency, weight loss, and corrosion rate were 93.85%, 0.294g and 3.267 mm/y, respectively. Therefore, the models are considered ideal for prediction with a confidence level of 95%, and the optimal combination is suitable for the corrosion inhibition process design. Hence these models can be recommended for applications such as oil well acidizing and pickling pipelines.

Infusion of active compound into sliced button mushrooms through vacuum impregnation to improve functionality: Comparing response surface methodology and artificial neural network.

The present study explores the infusion of active compounds (ascorbic acid and calcium lactate) into sliced button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) to increase the nutritional value and reduce the browning effect of sliced mushrooms using the vacuum impregnation (VI) technique. The aim was to functionalize the vacuum-infused sliced mushrooms and evaluate the physicochemical properties of button mushrooms for diversifying food use. The central composite design was implemented to determine the optimized condition for the process with four independent factors, that is, immersion time (IT) 30-90min, solution temperature (ST) 35-55°C, solution concentration (SC) 4%-12%, and vacuum pressure (VP) 50-170mbar. The optimum VI processes obtained were ST-40°C, SC-8%, VP-140mbar, and IT-65min with a desirability function of 0.77. Statistically, two models (response surface methodology [RSM] and artificial neural network [ANN]) were employed to compare the better performance for the prediction of VI operational process parameters. The RSM model showed a better prediction of VI process parameters than the ANN model, with a higher R2 value (0.9228 vs. 0.8160) and lower root mean square error value (1.4004 vs. 2.1751), χ2 (2.4491 vs. 5.2762), mean absolute error (1.1177 vs. 1.1611), and absolute average deviation (4.3532 vs. 5.6746) for water loss. A similar pattern was observed for solute gain, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, color change, firmness, and pH. Therefore, the VI process was found to be an effective method for enhancing the nutritional properties of sliced mushrooms. These findings concluded that the RSM model is more efficient for better prediction with good accuracy of the VI process than the ANN model.

Untargeted metabolomics combined with vitro antioxidant to comprehensively evaluate the effect of sodium sulfite immersion on the holistic quality of mung bean sprouts.

Mung bean sprouts are widely consumed as a seasonal fresh vegetable, renowned for their affordability and richness in antioxidants and bioactive compounds. This study employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatogram-Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively evaluate the chemical profile of mung bean sprouts following sulfite immersion. The findings revealed a significant alteration in the overall chemical composition of mung bean sprouts following sodium sulfite immersion. Eleven components, including four sulfur-containing compounds, were identified as characteristic markers distinguishing between non-immersed and sodium sulfite-immersed mung bean sprouts. Esterification and addition reactions were inferred to occur during sodium sulfite immersion, leading to the transformation of flavonoid and saponin sulfates. Commercial samples analysis indicated that sulfur-containing compounds were detectable in 9 of 11 commercial mung bean sprouts. Meanwhile, when sodium sulfite concentration exceeded 3.00mg/mL and immersion time exceeded 360min, the contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were significantly reduced and the antioxidant activity was adversely influenced.