Immersion System Research Articles

ガス突出による噴出石炭を主とした“きれつ”の顕微鏡的研究

This paper is described on the microscopic studies of fissures in coals thrown out by outbursts and rockburst. The method of microscopy used in this investigation is homogeneous immersion system and the magnification of this microscope is 500-1000. The results of these studies are as follows:1) In the samples of coals thrown out by outbursts and rockburst, the “divergent” fissures was recognized.2) The distance of the adjacentdivergent point has probably a certain correlation to the scale of outbursts.3) The divergent fissures were found in coal ofthe dangerous stress zone that is in danger of out bursts, but they were not found in coal of the nondangerous stress zone. Therefore, it is probable that presence of these divergent fissures can be available for the prediction of outbursts.4) The divergent fissures were not found in coal of zone that outbursts preventing methods had been carried out. From the facts described above, it is assumed that outbursts occur when inner stress equilibrates suddenly.

Processing Systems for Autopositive Paper in Office Copying*

The porous-block system of stabilization processing Autopositive paper was introduced some eight years ago, and was superseded by small motor-driven machines using a two-bath immersion system. With the aim of increasing the processing rate and simplifying the processing machines so that very lightweight papers could be handled, experimental monobaths were evolved. These gave promising results, but the monobath was eventually abandoned in favour of a two-solution system with surface-application processing. With such a system a processing rate of lO ft/min has been achieved, using a high pH developer, and a stabilizer based on thiocyanate. The tendency for thiocyanate to attack the silver image on keeping the processed print has been overcome by the use of chemical inhibitors in conjunction with a surface-application processing technique. The design of the processing machine makes use of the natural curl of the wetted paper to prevent wrap around the rollers, very light-weight papers being handled without difficulty. Using a thin base a special Autopositive paper for bireftex exposures has been introduced, providing a cheap method of obtaining right-reading positive (black-on-white) copies from any original, using only a single sheet of paper.

A new method of protection against the effects of acceleration on the cardiovascular system

A closed water immersion system for the protection of the cardiovascular systems of human centrifuge subjects against the effects of acceleration is described. One subject was exposed to accelerations as high as 31 G. The first subject had frontal sinus hemorrhage at 28 G, possibly due to high respiratory system pressure used to protect the chest but which was later found to be unnecessary. The second subject stopped at 26 G due to anxiety. The third subject successfully sustained a 31 G exposure for 5 seconds without injury. The only clearcut evidence of cardiovascular system dysfunction was frontal sinus hemorrhage. An additional advantage of the system was found to be that movement of the extremities during high accelerations was not hindered.

A Unit-Magnification Optical System for the Attainment of Long Working Distances in Microscopy

To fill an application for a microscope with a long working distance, several optical systems are reviewed. Of these, a system giving unit magnification to be used in conjunction with a conventional microscope is selected as suitable. This consists of a spherical mirror used with the object near its centre of curvature. The aberrations of such a system are discussed and means of correcting them described. Modifications necessary to enable vertical illumination to be used are also described, and photographs taken by means of an experimental system are shown. Other applications of the same system are suggested and designs given for a miniature system capable of being used on an ordinary microscope for an immersion objective for nuclear plate work and for a water immersion system for biological applications.