Immense Development Research Articles

Technology Progress in High-Frequency Electromagnetic In Situ Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil and Its Prospects in Low-Carbon Situations

Heavy oil resources are abundant globally, holding immense development potential. However, conventional thermal recovery methods such as steam injection are plagued by high heat loss, substantial carbon emissions, and significant water consumption, making them incompatible with carbon reduction goals and the sustainable socioeconomic development demands. A new method of high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heating, which targets polar molecules, can convert electromagnetic energy into heat so as to achieve rapid volumetric heating of the reservoir. This method has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional techniques. Nevertheless, it faces significant drawbacks such as limited heating range and inadequate energy supply during later production stages, which necessitates auxiliary enhancement measures. Various enhancement measures have been reported, including nitrogen injection, hydrocarbon solvent injection, or the use of nano-metal oxide injections. These methods are hindered by issues such as pure nitrogen being easy to breakthrough, high costs, and metal pollution. Through extensive literature review, this article charts the evolution of high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heating technology for heavy oil and the current understanding of the coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms underlying this technology. Moreover, based on a profound analysis of the technology’s progression trends, this work introduces a new direction: CO2-N2 co-injection as an enhancement strategy for high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heavy oil recovery. There is promising potential for the development of new technologies in the future that combine high efficiency, low carbon emissions, environmental friendliness, economic viability, and energy conservation. Furthermore, some research prospects in low-carbon situations and challenges for the new technology in future are presented in detail. All in all, the contribution of the paper lies in the summarizing of some main drawbacks of current enhanced electromagnetic in situ thermal recovery methods, and presents a novel research direction of using CO2-N2 co-injection as an enhancement strategy based on its current research status in low-carbon situations.

IoT-ENHANCED SHALE OIL AND GAS GREEN DEVELOPMENT: STATUS AND FUTURE

Shale oil and gas, deemed as vital alternative resources to conventional oil and gas, have spurred significant interest in information-based exploration and development technologies within the industry in recent years [1]. China boasts extensive shale oil and gas reserves, with the International Energy Agency (EIA) estimating China's shale oil technology capable of extracting approximately 4.393 billion tonnes, ranking third globally. Additionally, China holds shale gas geological resources of about 134.4 trillion cubic meters, ranking first worldwide, showcasing immense development potential. Shale oil and gas, being unconventional resources, are distributed within the pore and fracture systems of organic-rich shale formations. Compared to conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas exhibit weaker trap control and stronger distribution continuity, typically characterized by poor reservoir physical properties. Conventional extraction methods often struggle to yield industrial oil and gas flow from shale oil and gas resources, necessitating unconventional development technologies such as reservoir monitoring, directional wells, horizontal wells, and segmental fracturing [2]. However, these technologies come with challenges and risks, including complex production operations, high production data density, and environmental concerns such as surface ecological damage and pollutant emissions, further impacting shale oil and gas production. To facilitate the upgrading process of China's shale oil and gas industry, this paper presents the current status of Internet of Things (IoT) application technologies for shale oil and gas development and proposes a research outlook based on the concept of green development. Against the backdrop of energy transformation, it offers a reference framework for the sustainable development of China's extensive shale oil and gas resources.

ग्रामीण विकास के विए चुनौवियाांऔर अिसर: वििासपुर वििेका प्रिीकात्मक अध्ययन (छत्तीसगढ़

India is one of the largest democratic countries in the world. Its spirit resides in the villages. The Indian economy is basically rural and agricultural. The upliftment of villages is necessary for the all-round development of the country. 70 percent of the population of this country with rich human resources lives in about 6 lakh villages. Development of rural areas is a big problem in this hugely diverse country. Many problems like poverty, unemployment, rapid population growth, malnutrition, disease can be seen in rural areas. Keeping these in mind, the framers of the Constitution had laid emphasis on the implementation of rural development schemes. The Father of the Nation had envisioned rural development through Panchayati Raj. The 73rd Amendment Bill of the Indian Constitution proved to be a milestone in the matter of rural development. Various schemes sponsored by the Central and State Government proved effective for rural progress and restructuring Bilaspur district is located in the eastern part of Chhattisgarh. This district is surrounded by Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh state and Koriya, Raipur, Korba, and Janjgir districts of Chhattisgarh state. The total area of Bilaspur district is approximately 3508.48 square kilometers. It is hilly in the north and flat in the south. The average rainfall in this district is about 1220 mm. The district is surrounded by Agar, Maniyari and Arpa rivers. The total population of Bilaspur district is approximately 12663629 out of which 79% people live in villages and the total population density is approximately 674 persons per square kilometer. The physical, economic, socio-cultural condition of the rural parts of this district is pathetic. There are many obstacles in the path of rural development, which require systematic solutions. This district has immense development potential, which needs to be the focus of the government and planners. Regional disparities can be eliminated by proper development of physical and human resources so that a blueprint for progress can be prepared.

Large-scale land development of landed housing and apartment based on developers networking in Jabodetabek

The immense development of residential land in Jabodetabek and unreasonable property prices indicate an uncompetitive housing market. It argues that the phenomenon of oligopolistic market condition, either in the property or land market, is bridled by a minority of developers. It is reinforced by the emergence of a network formed among the development firms. In order to deliberate developer’s network, we incorporated institutional land development study approach, market structure and business competition theory. Subsequently, social networks analysis among large-scale housing developers will be explained. This study revealed out that the development of residential land was found to lead into a more competitive climate with monopolistic competitive market type. Four investigations: multiple positions; stock ownership; consortium; and kinship, were selected to divulge a large-scale housing developer network that are formed either directly or indirectly. The network created a semi-oligopolistic type of land domination. A few well-known developers became the dominant actors through landed housing and apartment developers network. The emergence of this network phenomenon is indicated by poor regulations and its institutions. Moreover, policies regarding spatial planning and business competition have not been integrated yet.

Secure authentication schemes in cloud computing with glimpse of artificial neural networks: A review

The fast growth of the cloud computing technology has led to immense development in the public and private sectors. Cloud computing provides a high level of virtualization, massive scalability, multitenancy and elasticity. This has enabled organizations, academia, government departments and the public to move forward with this technology. However, they are unable to assuredly place their information over the clouds due to many security threats. Cloud security plays a vital role to establish a confidence between the cloud service providers, consumers and the multi-users to maintain the security levels of their data. This paper focuses the survey for cloud security issues, existing authentication schemes, data storage technologies and offers a glimpse of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) applied to the cloud security.

Hot topics in allergen immunotherapy, 2023: Current status and future perspective.

The importance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is multifaceted, encompassing both clinical and quality-of-life improvements and cost-effectiveness in the long term. Key mechanisms of allergen tolerance induced by AIT include changes in memory type allergen-specific T- and B-cell responses towards a regulatory phenotype with decreased Type 2 responses, suppression of allergen-specific IgE and increased IgG1 and IgG4, decreased mast cell and eosinophil numbers in allergic tissues and increased activation thresholds. The potential of novel patient enrolment strategies for AIT is taking into account recent advances in biomarkers discoveries, molecular allergy diagnostics and mobile health applications contributing to a personalized approach enhancement that can increase AIT efficacy and compliance. Artificial intelligence can help manage and interpret complex and heterogeneous data, including big data from omics and non-omics research, potentially predict disease subtypes, identify biomarkers and monitor patient responses to AIT. Novel AIT preparations, such as synthetic compounds, innovative carrier systems and adjuvants, are also of great promise. Advances in clinical trial models, including adaptive, complex and hybrid designs as well as real-world evidence, allow more flexibility and cost reduction. The analyses of AIT cost-effectiveness show a clear long-term advantage compared to pharmacotherapy. Important research questions, such as defining clinical endpoints, biomarkers of patient selection and efficacy, mechanisms and the modulation of the placebo effect and alternatives to conventional field trials, including allergen exposure chamber studies are still to be elucidated. This review demonstrates that AIT is still in its growth phase and shows immense development prospects.

A new dynamic 2D fusion model and output characteristic analysis of floating photovoltaic modules considering motion and environmental factors

As a new application form, floating photovoltaic power generation is a green and sustainable energy source with immense development potential. However, built on marine or riverine surface, the floating photovoltaic system not only faces challenges from environment factors that land-based photovoltaic system meets, but also faces challenges from the motion of the floating bodies which are caused by the continuous external forces of wind and waves. Modelling and analyzing the output characteristics of floating photovoltaic modules is desirable and useful to improve power generation efficiency. This paper presents a new dynamic 2D fusion model and analysis method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of floating photovoltaic modules under continuous changes in motion, irradiance, and temperature caused by actual wind and waves conditions. To achieve accurate measurement of floating photovoltaic modules, the coupling relationship between the motion state and the environmental factors is established. Then the motion state modeling of floating photovoltaic modules based on multi-sensors information fusion is established to acquire the absolute attitude angle with the continuous superposition of high and low frequency motion in the geographical coordinate system. On this basis, a new dynamic 2D fusion model of floating photovoltaic modules is set up to obtain the dynamic output characteristics, which integrates mechanical motion state information with the electrical parameters. Finally, the proposed modelling and analyzing method is evaluated with experimental data. The experimental and analytical results show that the accuracy of the 2D fusion model is higher than 98.7%, the output efficiency of floating photovoltaic modules is only 94.2% compared to the static state, and power generation efficiency can be increased by 2.5% by using the proposed method. The new modelling method proposed in the paper can accurately obtain the output characteristics of the floating photovoltaic system under actual operating conditions, which can effectively improve the efficiency of power generation.

Anticoagulant Macromolecules

Anticoagulant macromolecules have gained widespread use in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, blood-contacting or implantable materials, and medical devices due to their excellent anticoagulant properties. Inspired by the molecular characteristics of physiological anticoagulants that play a vital role in normal human coagulation and anticoagulation mechanisms, diverse anticoagulant macromolecules with special molecular structures and functional groups have been developed, where they can be systematically applied to the biomedical field. In this Perspective, the history and the recent progress of synthetic methods for anticoagulant macromolecules obtained by purification of natural products, semisynthetic methods, and synthetic methods are discussed from the aspect of molecular design. The critical application and immense development potential of these anticoagulant macromolecules in the field of clinical treatment and biomedicine is proposed.

Electrochemical-Shock Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Sub-femtoliter Nanodroplets

ConspectusNanoparticles have witnessed immense development in the past several decades due to their intriguing physicochemical properties. The modern chemist is interested not only in methods of synthesizing nanoparticles with tunable properties but also in the chemistry that nanoparticles can drive. While several methods exist to synthesize nanoparticles, it is often advantageous to put nanoparticles on a variety of conductive substrates for multiple applications (such as energy storage and conversion). Despite enjoying over 200 years of development, electrodeposition of nanoparticles suffers from a lack of control over nanoparticle size and morphology. There have been heroic efforts to address these issues over time. With an understanding that structure-function studies are imperative to understand the chemistry of nanoparticles, new methods are necessary to electrodeposit a variety of nanoparticles with control over macromorphology and also microstructure.This Account details our group's efforts in overcoming challenges of classical nanoparticle electrodeposition by electrodepositing nanoparticles from water nanodroplets. When a nanodroplet full of metal salt precursor is incident on the electrode biased sufficiently negative to drive electroplating, nanoparticles form at a fast rate (on the order of microseconds to milliseconds). We start with the general nuts-and-bolts of the experiment (nanodroplet formation and methods for electrodeposition). The deposition of new nanomaterials often requires one to develop new methods of measurement, and we detail new measurement tools for quantifying nanoparticle porosity and nanopore tortuosity within single nanoparticles. We achieve nanopore characterization by using Focused Ion Beam milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Owing to the small size of the nanodroplets and fast mass transfer (the contents of a femtoliter droplet can be electrolyzed in only a few milliseconds), the use of nanodroplets also allows the electrodeposition of high entropy alloy nanoparticles at room temperature.We detail how a deep understanding of ion transfer mechanisms can be used to expand the library of possible metals that can be deposited. Furthermore, simple ion changes in the dispersed droplet phase can decrease the cost per experiment by orders of magnitude. Finally, electrodeposition in aqueous nanodroplets can also be combined with stochastic electrochemistry for a variety of interesting studies. We detail the quantification of the growth kinetics of single nanoparticles in single aqueous nanodroplets. Nanodroplets can also be used as tiny reactors to trap only a few molecules of a metal salt precursor. Upon reduction to the zerovalent metal, electrocatalysis at very small metal clusters can be probed and evaluated with time using steady-state electrochemical measurements. Overall, this burgeoning synthetic tool is providing unexpected avenues of tunability of metal nanoparticles on conductive substrates.

A Regional Analysis of China’s Environmental Issues

Over the history of economic development, natural resources have always played an essential role. For instance, during the first Industrial Revolution steam engine greatly increased the efficiency of production: with the help of the combustion of black coal, and later oil, the worth of natural resources from the Earth was never devalued. For every economic entity, immense development at the beginning of the process seems inevitable, and China’s economic development follows a similar trajectory, yet with the continuing development, environmental issues are becoming non-negligible anymore in China, which could potentially drag and slow down overall economic progress. What problems is China facing nowadays and what will it face in the future, and what sort of measures can have their own practical meaning to the world? We are going to look at the details in this paper.

Photocatalytic dye degradation by recyclable Zn-Co magnetic ferrites at ambient conditions

ABSTRACT There has been immense development in the production and use of recyclable materials for dye degradation which are advancing in a wide perspective to minimise the environmental impacts. Therefore, an efficient, eco-friendly, magnetically separable and recyclable catalyst is being reported that has the potential to remove dyes [Tropeolin000, Congo red and Orange G] from wastewater. The catalyst has a backbone containing Zinc, Cobalt and Iron in the ratio Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 with a coating of polyaniline that enhances its dye degradation capability. These synthesised PANi-coated ferrites have been characterised by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX techniques, and the photocatalytic activity has been explored using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at ambient conditions. A dye removal efficiency of as high as more than 99.9% has been reported for dye Orange G and above 90% for Tropeolin000. The mechanistic pathway that can be involved in the dye degradation has also been discussed.

Factors Affecting Psychological Dynamics of Esports Athletes

Dozens of years ago, it was difficult to even consider playing video games as a career path. Following immense development in the last decade, esports has evolved into a luxurious, enjoyable, and profitable industry. It has now become an interesting, appealing industry for young people. However, despite the media’s glorification towards the industry, there is so much pressure, obligation, and factors that would turn a seemingly fun and simple occupation into a stressful line of work, contrary to how medias and the public perceives this industry. This article will dive deeply into what is going on behind the scenes, using the study case method, in which the author is directly involved in the esports industry of the Dota 2 game. Following the observations, it can be concluded that esports athletes are heavily affected by external demands, media scrutiny, their daily routine, habits, nutrition, and internal conflicts within the team’s environment.

THE MONEY LAUNDERING SCAM INITIATED BY DEWAN HOUSING FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED (DHFL) AND YES BANK: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF OVER-LEVERAGED BORROWINGS

Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Ltd. (DHFL) was founded in 1984 in the state of Maharashtra, India by the Wadhawan family to facilitate access to cost-effective housing finance opportunities for the lower and middle-income strata residing in semi-urban and rural India. Till 2018, the firm was ranked amongst the distinguished performers in the housing finance industry in the nation. Yes Bank was founded in India in 2004 by Rana Kapoor and Ashok Kapur. In its initial years of expansion, Yes Bank experienced immense development. However, the bold and aggressive lending practices by the bank involved high risks and the bank’s loan book included diverse defaults including DHFL. This impetuous lending ultimately led to the Non-Performing Assets (NPA) tragedy and the RBI’s authorized moratorium for Yes Bank. This research paper provides a detailed analysis of an Indian investigative journalist company named Cobrapost which published an exposé in January 2019 indicting DHFL of exploiting more than INR 31,000 crore of public finances through diverse shell firms and siphoning private benefits primarily for the firm’s immediate stakeholders. The study further underscores the details of the famous fraudulent case between Yes Bank and DHFL, the Central Bureau of Investigation booking Rana Kapoor and the Wadhawan brothers on accusations of criminal conspiracy and defrauding under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and the associated negative consequences for the two business organizations. This banking forgery has been labeled as one of the biggest scams in the banking industry in the nation. So let's hop on to read the detailed case analysis

Miami-Dade County: On the Forefront of Preservation Solutions

Mayor Daniella Levine Cava, the first female mayor of Miami Dade County, describes her administration's efforts to help communities become more climate resilient, to address issues of affordable housing amid immense development, and support small business development through the work of historic preservation

Evaluation of Pattern of Relapse in Luminal Breast Cancer

Background: The most common molecular subtype of breast cancer worldwide is luminal breast cancer. It has shown a good prognostic profile compared to other types. Despite the immense development of adjuvant treatment in the past years, around 20% of patients with early-stage disease relapse. Aim of the study: To evaluate the relapse pattern in luminal breast cancer and the correlation between luminal types and (AJCC 8th edition). Subject and Methods: A total of 230 luminal breast cancer patients treated at Al-Hussein University Hospital between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed. Patients have been divided into the following groups: luminal A (31%) and B (32.6%), luminal B HER2+ve (18.6%), and luminal UC (17.3%). Results: The median follow-up was 66.7 months, and the relapse rate of luminal breast cancer was 27.8%. Although statistically not significant, luminal A had the lowest relapse rate (19.4%), while luminal B (36%), HER2 positive luminal B (23.2%), and luminal UC (32.5%) (p=0.117). The predominant organ relapse was bone (29.6%) mainly observed in luminal A and B, 35.7% and 32.3% of patients respectively (p=0.048). Luminal Correlation with the AJCC staging system was significant, luminal A was most often observed in early stages with 81.9% presented in Stages I to II (p=0.008). Conclusions: Luminal breast cancer has a wide discrepancy in relapse rate and pattern. Luminal A seems to have the best prognosis for DFS. Ki-67 % and HER2 testing would give a prognostic factor in luminal subcategorization and could be beneficial in the intensification of adjuvant therapy.

Certain Investigation on Improved Cluster Protocol with Trust security for Wireless Sensor Networks

Immense development of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) made an incredible advancement in wireless technology. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has created many opportunities for the development of various applications in the fields of military, research, medical, engineering, etc. In this research article, a novel trust-based energy-aware clustering protocol is proposed. The clustering algorithm concentrates on reducing the time spent on cluster formation, controlling redundant data forwarding, and prolonging the network's lifespan. In this model, clustered nodes are classified into three levels like Cluster heads (CH), secondary CHs, and sensor nodes (SN) are used to sense the environmental changes and report to the Base Station (BS). An extension of the lifetime of a WSN is possible by the use of secure multi-hop routing with an aggregation technique to forward data from a cluster to the BS. Compared to relevant works on clustering with the routing protocol, the simulation result showed improved energy efficiency and network lifetime.

Babies under 1 year with atypical development: Perspectives for preventive individuation and treatment.

A baby's first year of life is a time of immense development and cerebral plasticity. Following today's research and clinical observation, the period of the first year of life provides a new challenge inasmuch it is presently clear that it is possible to identify developmental anomalies in this window of time. Effecting early screening procedures could prove very useful, especially where we find genetic vulnerabilities in brothers and sisters of autistic subjects. Interventions of this kind, already practiced by some Public Health systems, can mean taking early action and primary protective measures with significant impacts not only on the subjects (babies and family members) concerned, but also on the public purse. It is, therefore, essential to provide for specific professionalized procedures for psychologists, pediatricians and neuropsychologists to be introduced through personnel highly specialized in interventions during the first year of life.

Modeling biofilm and development of rate law expressions for biofilm kinetics

Biofilm processes are gaining significance in the field of wastewater treatment. Biofilm modeling has undergone immense development in the last few decades. The modeling involves developing a mass balance equation for nutrient transport across the biofilm matrix composed of microbes distributed within. The diffusion of nutrients within the biofilm matrix and their consumption by microbes govern the biofilm kinetics. For steady-state, the model becomes independent of time. The solution of steady-state Biofilm is used to calculate the mass flux entering the biofilm surface. This flux can be referred to as the biofilm reaction rate. A dimensionless number named 'Biofilm Number'(B) is formulated, which is used to develop the rate law expressions for the flux in terms of a function Ψ(S*), which measures the quality of transport across the biofilm matrix. The Biofilm reaction rate at Monod's half-saturation concentration is calculated, which is superior to the microbial reaction rate in suspended cultures. The Biofilm's effectiveness factor has been developed based on Ψ(S*) and B. The biofilm number gives the knowledge about the nutrient-consuming capacity of the Biofilm. The model presented in this work can be a fundamental tool for designing a typical biofilm-based reactor. The Biofilm model has been validated using the experimental data from the studies by Shukla 2021.

An insight into crypto world, regulation & framework in India

In general, cryptocurrency can be considered a medium of exchange in digital format only. It is pertinent to note here that Cryptocurrency uses encryption techniques to control and create monetary units and verify money exchange. As a result of the fast improvement of data and correspondence advancements, numerous exercises in our routine have been combined on the web and become more adaptable and robust. An immense development in several online users has enacted virtual word ideas and made another business peculiarity: a cryptocurrency to work with monetary exercises like purchasing, selling, and exchanging. The usage of virtual money has become all over in different structures. Virtual cash isn't controlled and coordinated; along these lines, most countries have not yielded this money in their financial activities. This paper plans to dissect the explanations for the fame of cryptographic funds all over the planet with specific accentuation on India; the paper harps on the legitimateness of digital money in India while contrasting the situation in far off nations; in the last option part, the paper manages moves approaching for the public authority to direct this virtual cash.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RURAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY ON KUMBALANGI VILLAGE

It is widely recognized that tourism is a sector with immense potential economic development and employment generation. Hence, tourism is seriously encouraged by the Governments the word over, particularly in the developing nations. International agencies like World Tourism Organization (WTO) estimate that nations like India and China would become the superpowers in the global tourism map by the year 2020. In spite of the excellent tourism resources in India, the country could not utilize its vast potential because only during the last two decades tourism has been getting due attention in India. While China has already attained a prominent position in global tourism, the progress of India has been slower. India has to traverse a long way to catch up with the top players, including China. In respect of Kerala state in particular – one of the states with the highest tourism resources in India – the situation is more chronic as Kerala’s performance in tourism has not at all been commensurate with its enviable tourism resources. A recent study of the present author has revealed the vast prospects of rural tourism for employment creation and economic development in the context of ‘Kumbalangi’ – a rural tourism destination in Ernakulam district of central Kerala and the first model tourism village in India. As a continuation of the earlier study, this paper makes an empirical study of the effects of rural tourism on the environment and local community. Keywords: Tourism Competitiveness, Rural Tourism, Local Community, Environmental Sustainability, ICT.