Immature Tissue Research Articles

OSTEOBLASTOMA IN THE MANDIBLE: A RARE PRESENTATION

Osteoblastoma is a rare, benign, bone-forming tumor, characterized by the presence of osteoblasts with active proliferation, larger than 20 mm. The lesion mostly occurs in the second or third decades of life and has a predilection for the posterior mandible of men. This is a report of a 47-year-old indigenous woman exhibiting a large painful solid mass in the vestibular region of the right mandibular body, of unknown evolution time. The radiographic examination showed a large irregular radiopaque mass in the right posterior mandible, superior to the mandibular canal. The excisional biopsy and subsequent histopathologic analysis showed a compact mass of richly cellularized immature bone tissue with prominent osteoblastic rimming, containing loose connective tissue inside medullary spaces. Some of the osseous tissue had a blue-bone appearance. The diagnosis was osteoblastoma. The patient is being carefully monitored, and there is no recurrence after 2 years’ of follow-up. Osteoblastoma is a rare, benign, bone-forming tumor, characterized by the presence of osteoblasts with active proliferation, larger than 20 mm. The lesion mostly occurs in the second or third decades of life and has a predilection for the posterior mandible of men. This is a report of a 47-year-old indigenous woman exhibiting a large painful solid mass in the vestibular region of the right mandibular body, of unknown evolution time. The radiographic examination showed a large irregular radiopaque mass in the right posterior mandible, superior to the mandibular canal. The excisional biopsy and subsequent histopathologic analysis showed a compact mass of richly cellularized immature bone tissue with prominent osteoblastic rimming, containing loose connective tissue inside medullary spaces. Some of the osseous tissue had a blue-bone appearance. The diagnosis was osteoblastoma. The patient is being carefully monitored, and there is no recurrence after 2 years’ of follow-up.

A NOVEL ORGAN CULTURE SYSTEM SUPPORTED GERM CELL SURVIVAL IN PRIMATES AND SPERMATOGENESIS IN MICE

The goal of this study is to develop a simplified, efficient culture system to induce in vitro spermatogenesis from fresh and cryopreserved immature testicular tissues, and translate this technology from mouse to monkeys to humans to test safety and feasibility for future clinical applications.

RARE CASE OF FIBROUS DYSPLASIA IN A CHILD OF 11 YEARS

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that accounts for 2.5% of bone lesions. Herein, we present an 11-year-old female patient presented to examination with an increase in volume on the right side of the face with indeterminate evolution time. Intraoral clinical examination revealed a hardened region, with no alteration in the mucosa, that suggests a bone etiology lesion. Radiographic examination showed a mixed, circumscribed lesion with a pediculated and poorly delimited aspect in relation to healthy bone tissue, extending from the right coronary process to the lateral region of the ipsilateral jaw. Histopathologically the presence of trabeculae of immature bone tissue dispersed in a cellular fibrous stroma and absence of cellular atypia was observed. The diagnosis was FD. The treatment was the total exeresis of the lesion, performed to avoid relapses and due to aesthetic and functional impairment. The patient has been in follow-up for 9 months without recurrence.

Low-temperature pretreatment of explants and high maltose concentration during callus culture improves particle-bombardment-mediated stable transgene expression in common wheat.

Biolistic transformation systems are widely used to introduce foreign genes into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, these techniques often generate high transgene copy numbers and complex transgene integration patterns that hinder the stable expression of the transgenes. To improve the efficiency of stable transgene expression, we examined the effect of low-temperature pretreatment of wheat flower spikes and of high maltose concentration (HMC) in the medium during the subsequent callus culture. Tillers of the spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite were stored at 5°C without water for one week before the isolation of their immature scutellar tissues, and the resulting particle-bombarded explants were cultured on 15% maltose for a month. Together, these treatments significantly increased the number of recovered transgenic lines expressing the reporter gene. The low-temperature pretreatment eliminated the negative effects of HMC, and HMC improved the efficiency of stable transgene expression. Southern blot analysis revealed that transgenic lines recovered after HMC treatment integrated a lower copy number of transgenes than those cultured at normal (4%) maltose concentration. These findings suggest that the HMC-mediated reduction of the transgene copy number results from the suppression of plasmid DNA rearrangement before or during transgene integration into the wheat genome.

In vitro induction and characterization of hexaploid Pennisetum × advena, an ornamental grass

Pennisetum × advena (purple fountain grass) is an ornamental grass with considerable commercial value. In vitro induction of hexaploids and evaluation of the morphological and anatomical traits in P. × advena were conducted in this study. Nine independent hexaploids were generated from calli, which was initiated from immature inflorescence tissue of triploid P. × advena, treated with 0.1% colchicine for 24 h. Their ploidy levels were first screened by flow cytometry and further identified by chromosome counting. Compared with the triploids, the hexaploids showed a significant delay in flowering, and reduction in plant height, the number of tillers and number of inflorescences per plant, leaf length and width, inflorescence diameter, and the number of florets per inflorescence, but an increase in floret fresh weight, and anther diameter and length. Pollen grains in the hexaploids were well developed, and their fertility was restored. The production of hexaploids of P. × advena by colchicine treatment, and assessment of their growth parameters and pollen fertility, provide important information for future breeding of P. × advena. Nine independent hexaploids were generated from calli derived from immature inflorescence tissue of triploid Pennisetum × advena by a colchicine treatment, and their morphological and anatomical traits were evaluated.

Gliomatosis peritoneal asociada a teratoma maduro de ovario

Los teratomas de ovario son tumores compuestos por tejidos derivados de las tres líneas germinales embrionarias. La gliomatosis peritoneal es una afección poco frecuente caracterizada por implantes de tejido glial en el peritoneo comúnmente asociada con teratoma inmaduro de ovario, no así con teratomas maduros. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza por histología. No existen pautas sobre cómo realizar el seguimiento de los pacientes con esta afección. El pronóstico es favorable. Sin embargo, los implantes pueden experimentar regresión fibrótica o excepcionalmente degenerar a glioblastoma. Si están presentes tejido glial inmaduro u otros componentes teratomatosos en el peritoneo o epiplón, el tratamiento será similar al del carcinoma metastásico de ovario. En pacientes con enfermedad peritoneal residual, es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo, debido al riesgo de recurrencia y transformación maligna. Se presenta un caso de gliomatosis peritoneal asociado a teratoma maduro de ovario.

Citrate zinc hydroxyapatite nanorods with enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenesis for bone regeneration

The development of biomaterials that mimicking the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles existent in the immature bone tissue is crucial, especially to accelerate the bone remodeling and regeneration. In this work, it was developed for the first time, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating citrate and zinc (cit-Zn-Hap) in their composition towards a one-step hydrothermal procedure. For comparison purposes, hydroxyapatite NPs incorporating only zinc (Zn-Hap) or citrate (cit-Hap), as well as hydroxyapatite without any of these elements (Hap) were synthesised. The physicochemical characterization was carried out reveling that, the presence of zinc on hydroxyapatite (cit-Zn-Hap), reduced the size of nanoparticles, changed the phosphate environment and decreased the surface charge when compared with cit-Hap nanoparticles. The osteogenic potential of cit-Zn-Hap NPs was analysed in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs), in the absence of osteoinductive factors. NPs were internalized by endocytosis appearing trapped in endosomes and lysosomes scattered through the cytoplasm. Exposure to these NPs resulted in a significant induction of ALP activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and gene expression of early and later osteogenic transcription factors, as well as of osteoblastic markers. The osteoinductive effect might be regulated, at least in part, by the increased signalling through the canonical WNT pathway. Evaluation of the cell behaviour following exposure to Zn-Hap and cit-Hap strongly suggested a synergistic effect of citrate and Zn in cit-Zn-Hap NPs towards the induction of the osteogenic commitment and functionality of BMSCs. These findings will allow the design of new biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with great potential for bone regeneration.

The initial maturation status of marmoset testicular tissues has an impact on germ cell maintenance and somatic cell response in tissue fragment culture.

Successful in vitro spermatogenesis was reported using immature mouse testicular tissues in a fragment culture approach, raising hopes that this method could also be applied for fertility preservation in humans. Although maintaining immature human testicular tissue fragments in culture is feasible for an extended period, it remains unknown whether germ cell survival and the somatic cell response depend on the differentiation status of tissue. Employing the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), we aimed to assess whether the maturation status of prepubertal and peri-/pubertal testicular tissues influence the outcome of testis fragment culture. Testicular tissue fragments from 4- and 8-month-old (n= 3, each) marmosets were cultured and evaluated after 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42days. Immunohistochemistry was performed for identification and quantification of germ cells (melanoma-associated antigen 4) and Sertoli cell maturation status (anti-Müllerian hormone: AMH). During testis fragment culture, spermatogonial numbers were significantly reduced (P< 0.05) in the 4- but not 8-month-old monkeys, at Day 0 versus Day 42 of culture. Moreover, while Sertoli cells from 4-month-old monkeys maintained an immature phenotype (i.e. AMH expression) during culture, AMH expression was regained in two of the 8-month-old monkeys. Interestingly, progression of differentiation to later meiotic stage was solely observed in one 8-month-old marmoset, which was at an intermediate state regarding germ cell content, with gonocytes as well as spermatocytes present, as well as Sertoli cell maturation status. Although species-specific differences might influence the outcome of testis fragment experiments in vitro, our study demonstrated that the developmental status of the testicular tissues needs to be considered as it seems to be decisive for germ cell maintenance, somatic cell response and possibly the differentiation potential.

Treatment and new progress of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Neonatal hypoxic ischemia (HI) results in different extents of brain damage, and immature brain tissue is particularly sensitive to the stimulation of HI. Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a common and serious nervous system disease in neonates, for both full-term infants and preterm infants, and is one of the main causes of neonatal death. The surviving infants are often associated with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and other sequelae, which severely affect quality of life. For term infants, hypoxia and ischemia mainly affect gray matter, whereas in preterm infants, the white matter. However, up to now, inadequate standards and specific measures that can be used to treat hypoxic-ischemic brain injury are available. Recently, in addition to supportive therapy and symptomatic treatment, research on the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury has focused on the following aspects: hypothermia therapy, stem cell therapy, neuroprotective agents, ibuprofen, and combination therapy. In this review, we will summarize the treatment of HIBD and make suggestions for the future treatment direction.

Capacity for somatic embryogenesis of adult oil palm genitors (Elaeis guineensis, var. Pisifera) from immature leaf tissues

Admittedly, Pisifera genotypes are less responsive to somatic embryogenesis than other genotypes, such as inter- or intra-specific oil palm hybrids. However, clonal propagation of Pisifera plants can be useful for increasing the number of male parents to cross with the Dura variety for mass producing the Tenera commercial varieties. The capacity for somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Brazilian Pisifera genitors was therefore investigated using achlorophyllous leaf explants from four field growing genotypes (A251424, A251427, A251512, A251513). A Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 gL−1 glutamine, 0.5 gL−1 casein, 2.5 gL−1 activated charcoal, 450 µM Picloram and 2.5 gL−1 Phytagel was used for the induction. A251424 showed the higher capacity for SE induction with 45.8% of callus formation compared to 11.3% for A251427, 7.7% for A251513 and 0.6% for A251512. The materials remained in these conditions for up to 360 days, being subcultured every 150 days before transfer for 90 days onto the multiplication medium (MM), containing 40 μM Picloram and 10 μM 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP). Callus fresh biomass increased approximately fivefold in these MM conditions. The calli were then placed onto the somatic embryo differentiation medium (DM), composed of 12.3 μM 2iP and 0.54 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) until the formation of the first somatic embryo clusters. These were transferred to the somatic embryo regeneration medium (RM) totally lacking growth regulators but with 2.5 gL−1 activated charcoal. Histocytological observations indicated that cells showing the greater concentration of starch granules could be considered as embryogenic with the higher capacity for SE. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the successful use of immature leaf explants for producing SE from Pisifera genitors of Elaeis guineensis.

Fertility sparing strategies for pre- and peripubertal male cancer patients.

Genetic parenthood following cancer therapy is considered to be a major factor of quality of life. Given the rising proportion of patients surviving cancer due to improved therapeutic protocols, it is an issue of growing importance. Hence, the efforts to preserve fertility have motivated researchers to develop options for the paediatric population facing fertility-threatening cancer therapies. In prepubertal boys who do not yet produce sperm, cryo-banking of testicular tissue containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is the only viable option for future fertility preservation. While proposed in a number of clinics worldwide, however, this strategy remains still experimental.Transplanting the SSCs, or testicular tissue containing SSCs, back to the cured patient appears the most promising strategy. However, experiments performed with human testicular tissue in mice models reveal spermatogonial loss after transplantation, indicating the need for further optimisation of the transplantation procedure. The approach further poses the risk of reintroducing tumour cells back to the patient. In cases of haematological and blood-metastasising malignancies, in vitro generation of sperm combined with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), is the only possibility, avoiding reintroducing cancer cells. Although xenotransplantation would allow to recover sperm cells for ART being thus on the safe side with regard to cancer cells, the risk of infections with xeno-microbiological agents makes this option incompatible with clinical application. So far, offspring from in vitro matured sperm has only been achieved in mice. While human haploid germ cells, showing specific morphological features, expression of post-meiotic markers, as well as DNA and chromosome content, as well as fertilisation and development capacity, have been obtained by culturing spermatogonia or immature testicular tissue, the functionality of these cells still needs to be demonstrated. Despite the promising results obtained in recent years, further research is urgently warranted to establish a clinical tool offering these boys a fertility restoration option in the future. This mini-review will focus on current achievements and future challenges of fertility preservation in young boys and underscore the next steps required to translate experimental strategies into clinical practice.

Exogenous Gonadotrophin Stimulation Induces Partial Maturation of Human Sertoli Cells in a Testicular Xenotransplantation Model for Fertility Preservation

The future fertility of prepubertal boys with cancer may be irreversibly compromised by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Successful spermatogenesis has not been achieved following the xenotransplantation of prepubertal human testis tissue, which is likely due to the failure of somatic cell maturation and function. We used a validated xenograft model to identify the factors required for Leydig and Sertoli cell development and function in immature human testis. Importantly, we compared the maturation status of Sertoli cells in xenografts with that of human testis tissues (n = 9, 1 year-adult). Human fetal testis (n = 6; 14–21 gestational weeks) tissue, which models many aspects of prepubertal testicular development, was transplanted subcutaneously into castrated immunocompromised mice for ~12 months. The mice received exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 20IU, 3×/week). In xenografts exposed continuously to hCG, we demonstrate the maintenance of Leydig cell steroidogenesis, the acquisition of features of Sertoli cell maturation (androgen receptor, lumen development), and the formation of the blood–testis barrier (connexin 43), none of which were present prior to the transplantation or in xenografts in which hCG was withdrawn after 7 months. These studies provide evidence that hCG plays a role in Sertoli cell maturation, which is relevant for future investigations, helping them generate functional gametes from immature testis tissue for clinical application.

Comprehensive analysis of Q gene near-isogenic lines reveals key molecular pathways for wheat domestication and improvement.

The wheat AP2-like transcription factor gene Q has played a major role in domestication by conferring the free-threshing character and pleiotropically affecting numerous other traits. However, little information is known regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of these traits by Q, especially for the structural determination of threshability. Here, transcriptome analysis of immature spike tissues in three lines nearly isogenic for Q revealed over 3000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in a number of pathways. Using phenotypic, microscopic, transcriptomic, and tissue-specific gene expression analyses, we demonstrated that Q governs threshability through extensive modification of wheat glumes including their structure, cell wall thickness, and chemical composition. Critical DEGs and pathways involved in secondary cell wall synthesis and regulation of the chemical composition of glumes were identified. We also showed that the mutation giving rise to the Q allele synchronized the expression of genes for micro-sporogenesis that affected pollen fertility, and may determine the final grain number for wheat spikes. Transcriptome dissection of genes and genetic pathways regulated by Q should further our understanding of wheat domestication and improvement.

Unravelling Sugar Accumulation in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Stalk: Recent Approaches

Sucrose accumulation in developing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is accompanied by a continuous synthesis and cleavage of sucrose in the storage tissues. It is synthesized in source mature leaves and such assimilates stored in the form of sucrose in the stalks of sugarcane that provide 70% of world sugar. During the phloem transportation, sucrose is unloaded into the sink for metabolism and storage. Its accumulation in sugarcane stalks is affected by sucrose supply, metabolism and sink strength. Sucrose accumulation and carbohydrate metabolism in plant species depend upon activity of Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) enzyme. Fast growing tissues in sugarcane such as root apices, immature stem internodes, cells and tissue cultures usually have low sucrose and higher concentration of SAI (soluble acid invertase) which hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose. The sugar yield needs its enhancement to meet the growing demand for sugar. The photosynthesis activity in source leaves decides the amount of sucrose to sink organs. Sucrose metabolism enzymes control sucrose content in sugarcane stalks. Sucrose accumulation is a complex physiological process controlled by network genes. Recent biochemical and molecular approaches have resolved the various developmental and molecular regulation mechanisms for sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. In this review, discussion have been focussed on molecular involved in sucrose metabolism, source-sink communication and storage, microarray analysis, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) studies, physiological and tissue-specific gene regulation that will help further researches to elucidate the regulatory networks of sucrose accumulation to breed high sugar content in sugarcane.

Application of the technique of preserving the volume of the alveolar bone by using a fragment of the extracted tooth to cover the alveola in comparison with the alveolas of the extracted teeth healing under the blood clot

Удаление зуба неизбежно влечет за собой процессы перестройки альвеолярного гребня и уменьшение объема его твердых и мягких тканей. Цель — определение эффективности сохранения объема мягких тканей после удаления зуба при использовании методики сохранения фрагмента корня удаленного зуба. Материалы и методы. У пациентов двух групп измеряли толщину вестибулярной слизистой оболочки в проекции зенита коронки до удаления зуба и спустя 6 месяцев после фиксации постоянной реставрации. Также исследовали структурные особенности мягких тканей в области фрагмента корня удаленного зуба. Через 3 месяца заживления фрагмент корня удаляли, проводили забор мягких тканей, располагающихся под ним, с дальнейшим проведением гистоморфологического исследования. Результаты. В контрольной группе (20 человек) средняя толщина вестибулярной слизистой оболочки в проекции зенита коронки до удаления зуба составила 1,44 мм, после удаления зуба заживление лунки происходило классически, под сгустком крови. В исследуемой группе (20 пациентов) средняя толщина слизистой оболочки составила 1,52 мм, после удаления зуба использовалась техника презервации лунки с помощью фрагмента корня удаленного зуба. Через 6 месяцев после установки постоянной коронки средняя толщина слизистой оболочки в проекции зенита у пациентов I группы составила 0,89 мм, у пациентов II группы — 1,5 мм. По результатам гистоморфологического исследования мягкие ткани, находящиеся под фрагментом удаленного зуба после заживления лунки, представляют собой незрелую соединительную ткань с некоторым количеством пролиферирующих клеточных элементов и не являются патологическими. Выводы. Использование фрагментов удаленных зубов для закрытия лунки после удаления зуба позволяет сохранить больший вестибулярный объем мягких тканей, чем при заживлении лунки классическим образом, под сгустком крови. Использование фрагментов удаленных зубов для закрытия лунки удаленного зуба позволяет сохранить достаточный вестибулярный объем мягких тканей, что является преимуществом для дальнейшего имплантологического лечения.

Optimization of Callus Induction Conditions from Immature Embryos in Maize and Plant Regeneration

This research uses the immature embryos of inbred maize lines (GSH9901, Hi01, Hi02, and Chang 7-2) as receptor materials to establish the callus induction system. These inbred lines provide the receptor materials for the genetic regeneration of maize and the verification of the genetic functions of maize. The factor experiment and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the impacts of different genotypes, immature embryo size, shield orientation, 2, 4-D concentration, proline concentration, and folic acid concentration on the induction rate of embryogenic callus tissue. A sensitivity experiment testing glyphosate (Bar) and an antibiotic (Cefotaxime sodium) were also conducted. The results indicate that the immature embryos of inbred maize line GSH9901 were the most effective for callus tissue induction, and the immature embryos with a length of 1.6-2.0 mm produce the best result. The upward shield face is more successful for the formation of induced callus. Using orthogonal analysis, we found that the optimal combination for the induction system was A3 (2,4-D concentration 0.25 mg mL-1 ), B1C3 (proline concentration 0.8 mg mL-1 ), and D2 (folate Concentration 0.5 mg mL-1) and the induction rate reached 84%. We found that cold storage at 4 °C for 1 d is more conducive for the formation of embryogenic callus than the other treatments tested. The sensitivity experiment for callus tissue screening revealed the critical concentration of glyphosate to be 10 mg ml-1 , and the critical concentration of antibiotic is 250 mg ml-1 . Using this combination of glyphosate and antibiotic resulted in regenerated plants. This study established the optimal conditions for immature embryo callus tissue induction in maize.

Equine musculoskeletal development and performance: impact of the production system and early training

The welfare debate around horse racing appears to be focussed on musculoskeletal injury and the racing of 2-year-olds. Much of this debate appears contrary to the evolutionary history of the horse as a cursorial animal and the capability of the equine musculoskeletal system to respond to the demands of race training. Epidemiological studies have reported that 2-year-old racehorses have a longer time period from entering training to the first race and a greater number of lost training days than older horses. However, this is, in part, due to the time taken to learn to train and the impact of dorsal metacarpal disease, which is due to loading of naïve as opposed to immature tissue. Across several racing jurisdictions and codes, it has been demonstrated that horses that train and race as 2-year-olds have longer, more successful, careers than those that start racing later in life. This positive trend has also been observed with horses starting in equestrian sport at an early age. The literature on the growth and development of the horse indicates that the musculoskeletal system is primed for activity and loading from an early age. Additional exercise for the young horse has a positive rather the negative effect, with many tissues having a sensitive period for ‘priming’ when the horse is a juvenile. This implies that under many modern management systems, the challenge to horse welfare is not ‘too much exercise too soon’ but ‘too little too late’. The current limitation in our understanding is the lack of knowledge of what is the correct exercise dose to optimise the musculoskeletal system. Modern management systems invariably provide too little exercise, but is the exercise data from feral horses the ‘gold standard’, or more a reflection of what the horse is capable of if resources such as food and water are limited? Further research is required to refine our understanding of the optimal exercise levels required and development of greater precision in identifying the sensitive periods for priming the musculoskeletal system.

The Morphological Characteristics of Bone Tissue Regeneration in the Application of Bone Grafting Auto-Mixture

Objective: to study the morphological and morphometric features of bone tissue regeneration in the application of the native transplantation automixture during bone defects replacement in an experiment.Material and methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. and aged 6-7 months were used. The bone defect was modeled using a 1.2 mm diameter cutter (experimental group). A similar defect of the middle third of the right tibia without filling the defect with bone tissue was formed in the animals of the control group. The animals were taken out of the experiment on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 30th days of the experiment (6 animals per each observation period). Histological sections 4-5 µm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The areas of necrosis, granulation tissue, bone trabecules (mm2) were determined.Results. The laboratory animals in which the bone mixture had been transplanted revealed the growth of the area occupied by granulation tissue from the 3rd to 7th day of the experiment, and later its area had decreased by the 30th day compared to the control group, which was associated with faster transformation of granulation tissue into bone trabecules and formation of the foci of cerebrospinal hematopoiesis. On the 7th day of the experiment, the area of necrosis in the control group significantly exceeded the indicators of the experimental group (р ˂ 0.001). On the 14th day of the experiment necrosis in the animals of the experimental group was absent, while in the control one there were still some necrosis foci (0.541 ± 0.014 mm2). Starting from the 7th of the experiment, immature bone tissue began to form within the area of the bone tissue defect. At the same time, its area in the animals of the experimental group was statistically significantly larger on the 7th, 14th and 30th days in comparison with the control group during all observation terms (р ˂ 0.001).Conclusion. The study has showed a higher rate of bone tissue formation in the bone defects in the experimental animals after autotransplantation of the bone mixture. The obtained results of bone autoplasty can be a theoretical basis for the development of the methods of the treatment of bone defects of any origin.

Resection of Bone Tumor Guided by Gamma Probe and Evaluation of Postoperative Pain.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign neoplasm commonly found in young men, but that can be found in every age, which affects mainly long bones, clinically characterized by continuous and limiting pain that is relieved by salicylates. It is a small lesion composed of immature osteoid tissue, central hypervascularization and surrounding sclerotic area. Its diagnosis is performed by the clinic and aided by imaging tests, such as common radiography and computed tomography. Radiography shows a central radiolucent lesion and peripheral sclerosis. The biopsy takes place only in cases of diagnostic doubt. Surgical treatment involves resection of the niche, providing greater symptomatic relief, as well as percutaneous techniques. The technique of radioisotope-guided resection has good acceptance in the scientific community for its fast surgical procedure directed to the lesion; however, the percutaneous technique that stands out is radiofrequency ablation. In the present study, all of the patients submitted to the technique presented total improvement of the pain.

A CASE REPORT OF CRANIOFACIAL FIBROUS DYSPLASIA

Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) is a nonneoplasic lesion, characterized by the substitution of normal osseous tissue by proliferating fibrous stroma and immature bone tissue. CFD usually occurs by 10 years of age and the progression commonly manifests in adulthood. A 20-year-old male patient presented with a painless enlargement in the maxilla with indeterminate evolution time. Clinical examination revealed a swelling extending to the right side of maxilla and orbital floor. Radiographic aspects showed borders contiguous with normal adjacent bone and a ground-glass appearance. Incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination showed lamellar bone trabeculae, varied in size, arranged parallel to fibrous connective tissue, compatible with benign fibro-osseous lesion. Multiplane sections on cone beam computed tomography showed an extensive orbital floor and maxillary involvement and increased dimensions of the occiput, base of the skull, hard palate, and zygoma. A final diagnosis was craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Patient is under follow-up care and will undergo corrective surgery. Support: FAPEMIG.