Imbalanced Systems Research Articles

Research on the Linkage between the Professional Degree of Master of Intellectual Property and Professional Qualifications

With the vigorous development of the intellectual property (IP) industry, the national IP talent pool has exceeded 700,000 individuals, posing higher demands on the cultivation of specialized talents. In 2022, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education introduced a new professional degree category for IP, but in its initial stages, it confronted challenges such as imbalanced curriculum systems, inadequate teaching resources, and restricted enrollment in professional qualifications. Simultaneously, the connections between the IP professional degree and national unified legal professional qualifications, patent attorney qualifications, IP professionals, and other professional certifications point to a high degree of consistency and mutual relevance in talent cultivation objectives. The professional degree education must reference the content of professional qualification certifications to ensure that talents meet industry demands. Additionally, the professional degree education exerts a positive influence on the professional entry qualification certification, elevating the overall standards within the professional field.

The Unproductive “Overconstitutionalization” of EU Copyright and Trademark Law – Fundamental Rights Rhetoric and Reality in CJEU Jurisprudence

In EU copyright and trademark law, the protection of the right to intellectual property is the rule, and breathing space for competing fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression and the right to a healthy environment, is the exception. While formally recognizing the need to balance protection interests against other fundamental rights and values, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fails to use competing fundamental rights productively. Instead, the Court has developed a meaningless fundamental rights rhetoric that produces the false impression that there is sufficient room for all competing rights and interests within the existing copyright and trademark systems. However, the current configuration of EU copyright and trademark law fails to offer users the chance of meeting right holders as equals, even if their fundamental rights are of equal ranking in the Charter. By adding fundamental rights cosmetics to imbalanced protection systems, the CJEU only cements and further stabilizes the existing rule/exception edifice that is strongly in favour of right holders. Introducing the mantra of internal balancing – requiring the reconciliation of competing rights and interests within the confines of secondary copyright and trademark legislation – the Court has even created a considerable risk of sacrificing competing fundamental rights on the altar of the EU harmonization agenda. By letting the harmonization objective reign supreme, the CJEU has also given the three-step test in copyright law and the honest practices proviso in trademark law a quasi-constitutional status. As a result, these open-ended provisions undermine limitations of exclusive rights that could support competing fundamental rights. To remove the imbalances in current EU copyright and trademark law, it would be necessary to introduce upfront gatekeeper requirements that prevent illegitimate infringement claims from the outset when competing fundamental rights are at stake.

Sofware-Defined Radio Testbed for I/Q Imbalanced Single-Carrier Communication Systems

An end-to-end testbed for In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) Imbalance (IQI) communication systems based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is presented. The scenario under consideration is a Single-Input–Single-Output (SISO) single-carrier communication where the transmitter is heavily affected by IQI, whose effects are mitigated through digital signal processing at the receiver. The presented testbed is highly configurable, enabling the testing of different communication and IQI parameters. Crucial insights into the practical implementation of IQI mitigation techniques, specifically through the use of asymmetric signaling at the receiver, are provided. Initially, a detailed description of the mathematical framework is given. This framework serves as the foundation for the subsequent discussion on system implementation, effectively bridging the gap between research on IQI mitigation and its practical application in single-carrier architectures. Over-The-Air (OTA) Symbol Error Rate (SER) measurements for different constellations validate the receiver design and implementation. The source code of the presented testbed is publicly available.

Advocacy for Equity Around Evidence-Based Treatments: Overview and Proceedings of the AMERSA 2023 Conference.

This commentary provides an overview of the 2023 Association of Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction (AMERSA) annual conference: Advocacy for Equity Around Evidence-Based Treatments, held from November 1 to 4, 2023, in Washington, DC. The conference featured 9 interactive workshops, 106 oral abstract presentations, and 130 posters. From the preconference workshop to plenary sessions, paper, and poster presentations, there was a focus on addressing imbalanced social systems and structures underlying disparities. In the face of increasing drug overdose deaths, diminished access to prevention, intervention, treatment, and recovery supports for racial and ethnic minorities, there is a pressing need for advocacy for equity around evidence-based treatments.

Testing the Limits of Imbalanced CPET Reactivity: Mechanistic Crossover in H-Atom Abstraction by Co(III)-Oxo Complexes.

Transition metal-oxo complexes are key intermediates in a variety of oxidative transformations, notably C-H bond activation. The relative rate of C-H bond activation mediated by transition metal-oxo complexes is typically predicated on substrate bond dissociation free energy in cases with a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). However, recent work has demonstrated that alternative stepwise thermodynamic contributions such as acidity/basicity or redox potentials of the substrate/metal-oxo may dominate in some cases. In this context, we have found basicity-governed concerted activation of C-H bonds with the terminal CoIII-oxo complex PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO. We have been interested in testing the limits of such basicity-dependent reactivity and have synthesized an analogous, more basic complex, PhB(AdIm)3CoIIIO, and studied its reactivity with H-atom donors. This complex displays a higher degree of imbalanced CPET reactivity than PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO with C-H substrates, and O-H activation of phenol substrates displays mechanistic crossover to stepwise proton transfer-electron transfer (PTET) reactivity. Analysis of the thermodynamics of proton transfer (PT) and electron transfer (ET) reveals a distinct thermodynamic crossing point between concerted and stepwise reactivity. Furthermore, the relative rates of stepwise and concerted reactivity suggest that maximally imbalanced systems provide the fastest CPET rates up to the point of mechanistic crossover, which results in slower product formation.

Efficiency of Malaysian states in managing the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and 2021.

IntroductionMany developing countries have drastically imbalanced health systems in different regions. The COVID-19 outbreak posed a further challenge as hospital structures, equipped with doctors, critical care units and respirators, were not available to a sufficient extent in all regions.ObjectiveThis study is a descriptive study on the efficiency of Malaysian states in facing the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodologyThe efficiency of all Malaysian states was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis in which each state’s Score of COVID Index (SCI) was quantified. The SCI of these states were then further compared between the year 2020 and 2021. A greater disparity would indicate a decline in the performance of a state over time, where nearly all the states in Malaysia experienced an increase in the score of COVID Index (SCI).ResultThis study found that the central region was the most affected, since all the three states in the region (Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and Federal Territory of Putrajaya) showed a situation of inadequacy (SCI: >0.75) due to the COVID-19 outbreak.ConclusionThe ranking of Malaysia’s states according to their vulnerability to an outbreak of COVID-19 is vitally significant for the purposes of assisting the government and policymakers in planning their responses to the outbreak and ensuring that resources are distributed appropriately.

‘Why They Laugh At Us?’: the functions and ethics of humour in Singaporean theatrical depictions of stigmatised illness

While humour in the context of illness might be perceived to be insensitive or inappropriate, it is used frequently in the medical setting and discussions of illness. This paper strives...

Unconventional pairing in few-fermion systems at finite temperature

Attractively interacting two-component mixtures of fermionic particles confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap are investigated. Properties of balanced and imbalanced systems are systematically explored with the exact diagonalization approach, focusing on the finite-temperature effects. Using single- and two-particle density distributions, specific non-classical pairing correlations are analyzed in terms of the noise correlations—quantity directly accessible in state-of-the-art experiments with ultra-cold atoms. It is shown that along with increasing temperature, any imbalanced system hosting Fulde–Ferrel–Larkin–Ovchinnikov pairs crossovers to a standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer one characterized by zero net momentum of resulting pairs. By performing calculations for systems with different imbalances, the approximate boundary between the two phases on a phase diagram is determined.

Site-resolved observables in the doped spin-imbalanced triangular Hubbard model

The suppression of antiferromagnetic ordering in geometrically frustrated Hubbard models leads to a variety of exotic quantum phases including quantum spin liquids and chiral states. Here, we focus on the Hubbard model on one of the simplest frustrated lattice geometries, a triangular lattice. Motivated by the recent realization of ultracold fermionic atoms in triangular optical lattices, we study the properties of the triangular-lattice Hubbard model through a Numerical Linked-Cluster Expansion algorithm. We investigate the Mott insulator transition finding a critical interaction $U_c/t = 7.0(2)$ and use spatial two- and three-point correlation functions to explore doped and imbalanced systems. Our results demonstrate that many interesting features occur at temperatures previously obtained for ultracold fermions in optical lattices and are accessible by upcoming experiments. Our calculations will be helpful for thermometry in ultracold atom quantum simulators and can guide experimental searches for exotic quantum phases in atomic triangular Hubbard quantum simulators.

Dynamical resistivity of a few interacting fermions to the time-dependent potential barrier

We study the dynamical response of a harmonically trapped two-component few-fermion mixture to the external Gaussian potential barrier moving across the system. The simultaneous role played by inter-particle interactions, rapidity of the barrier, and the fermionic statistics is explored for systems containing up to four particles. The response is quantified in terms of the temporal fidelity of the time-evolved state and the amount of quantum correlations between components being dynamically generated. Results are also supported by analysis of the single-particle densities and temporal number of occupied many-body eigenstates. In this way, we show that the dynamical properties of the system crucially depend on non-trivial mutual relations between temporal many-body eigenstates, and in consequence, they lead to volatility of the dynamics. Counterintuitively, imbalanced systems manifest much higher resistivity and stability than their balanced counterparts.

Tyrosinase deficiency increases protein carbonyl content in substantia nigra of mice administered retinol palmitate.

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin pigments in peripheral tissues such as skin and retina. Although tyrosinase activity is specifically detected in melanocytes, several studies have shown the expression and enzymatic activity of tyrosinase in the central nervous system, especially in the midbrain substantia nigra. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of tyrosinase on protein damage in the substantia nigra of mice. C57BL/10JMsHir (B10) and tyrosinase-deficient albino B10.C-Tyrc/Hir (B10-c) mice were intraperitoneally administered retinol palmitate to induce oxidative stress, and the protein carbonyl content, a hallmark of protein oxidative damage, was examined in the substantia nigra. Retinol palmitate administration was found to decrease catalase activity in the substantia nigra of both B10 and B10-c mice, suggesting the induction of oxidative stress due to imbalanced antioxidant systems. In this model, we found that tyrosinase deficiency markedly increases the protein carbonyl content in the substantia nigra. Thus, we concluded that tyrosinase activity prevents protein damage in the substantia nigra of mice that were challenged with oxidative stress. These findings provide novel insight into the physiological role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system.

Ring solitons and soliton sacks in imbalanced fermionic systems

This paper demonstrates the existence of stable solitons in the form of nodal rings in imbalanced superfluids and superconductors. These solitons have nontrivial interactions and form composite structures, such as soliton sacks.

Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory of trapped one-dimensional imbalanced Fermi systems

Ground state Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory is applied to imbalanced spin-1/2 one-dimensional Fermi systems that are spatially confined by either a harmonic or a hard-wall trapping potential. It has been hoped that such systems, which can be realized using ultracold atomic gases, would exhibit the long-sought-after Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superfluid phase. The HFB formalism generalizes the standard Bogoliubov quasi-particle transformation, by allowing for Cooper pairing to exist between all possible single-particle states, and accounts for the effects of the inhomogeneous trapping potential as well as the mean-field Hartree potential. This provides an unbiased framework to describe inhomgenous densities and pairing correlations in the FFLO state of a confined 1D gas. In a harmonic trap, numerical minimization of the HFB ground state energy yields a spatially oscillating order parameter reminiscent of the FFLO state. However, we find that this state has almost no imprint in the local fermion densities (consistent with experiments that found no evidence of the FFLO phase). In contrast, for a hard-wall geometry, we find a strong signature of the spatial oscillations of the FFLO pairing amplitude reflected in the local in situ densities. In the hard wall case, the excess spins are strongly localized near regions where there is a node in the pairing amplitude, creating an unmistakeable crystalline modulation of the density.

Superfluid-normal quantum phase transitions in an imbalanced Fermi gas

We investigate the superfluid-to-normal zero temperature quantum phase transitions of asymmetric two-component Fermi gases as a function of the chemical potential imbalance h. The calculations are performed for homogeneous and trapped imbalanced systems. We concentrate at unitarity, characterized by a divergent interaction parameter kF a, where most of the current experiments are realized. For homogeneous systems, we determine the critical chemical potential imbalance hc at which possible phase transitions occur. In the case of trapped gases, we show how hc can be consistently determined from experimental observations.

Comparative study of the condensate fraction of balanced and imbalanced uniform fermionic systems in the BEC-BCS crossover

In this paper, we have made a comparative study of the condensate fraction of balanced and imbalanced two-component uniform fermionic systems in the Bose–Einstein condensation-Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BEC-BCS) crossover. We have used extended BCS equations to calculate the condensate fraction of Cooper pairs as a function of chemical potential and gap energy in a balanced system using a path integral approach. For an imbalanced system, the same equation has been derived as a function of average chemical potential, imbalanced chemical potential, gap energy, and temperature. The condensate fraction in a balanced fermionic system varies with the interaction parameter, whereas its behavior in an imbalanced system changes with the interaction parameter and polarization, in different regimes. In particular, the effect of polarization on the condensate fraction has been studied in an imbalanced system for odd values of polarization. We have compared the condensate fraction for both systems analytically and graphically and observed that for an imbalanced system, it decreases with increasing polarization and almost vanishes for higher values of polarization in the BEC regime.

QCD phase diagram in chiral imbalance with self-consistent mean field approximation

We employ a new self-consistent mean field approximation of NJL model, which introduces a free parameter $\alpha$ ($\alpha$ reflects the weight of different interaction channels), to study the effects of the chiral chemical potential $\mu_5$ on QCD phase structure, especially the location of the QCD critical end point (CEP). We find that, at a high temperature, the critical temperature of QCD phase transition smoothly increases with $\mu_5$ at the beginning, and then decreases rapidly. At low temperature and high baryon density region, the increase of the chiral chemical potential will reduce the critical chemical potential of phase transition. The temperature of the CEP shows a non-monotonic dependence on the chiral chemical potential with a long plateau around the maximum. At $\mu_5=0$, we found that the CEP will disappear when the $\alpha$ value is larger than 0.71 and will reappear when the $\mu_5$ increases. This study is important for exploring the QCD phase structure and the location of CEP in chiral imbalanced systems.

Historical Causes of Militancy and Its Impacts on Educational Institutions in the World

The study was carried out since May, 2019.The major objective was that to find out historical causes of militancy and its impacts on education in the world. Total 40 studies were downloaded from the net and was reviewed again and again and analyzed the situation about the historical causes of militancy and its impacts on education in the world. The study indicates that It is the historical game of the world which are used for gaining the power over the world. All the world developed and under developing countries are involved in this game. Similarly the poor community and illiterate people are deceived by this game and give money for gaining their objectives and purpose. In this game schools, hospitals , road and bridges are destroyed while sometime people are killed for pressurized the government for weakening the economy of the country. Since 1979 the Russia attacked on Afghanistan and this time US allied forces defeated to Russia and this time Asama Bin ladin was the part of US allied forces while latter on in 9/11 he was wanted to USA in this case. Such type accidents were also observed in Iraq, Turkey, Sirilanka, Bangladesh, India, Labia, Egpt. Sham, Pakistan, Malishiya and Syria etc. The militants also there attacked on the administration machinery and want that to downfall the system of the country. The record shows that million people were killed and number of school, colleges and hospitals were destroyed by bomb blasting and number of students was dropped out due to terror from the schools and colleges. Review of related literature shows that militancy is causing aggression in society in terms of cause and interest. In every society the militants are the production of socio-economical imbalanced systems. It also explores that poverty prevailed in society is mainly causing militancy. Thus militancy is not only affecting economy (in terms of spending money on war of terror) but can also have impacts on the physical shape of the society. Insecurity in educational sectors increases illiteracy (dropout rate). While terrorist attacks are directly creating fear and psychological diseases like anxiety etc. among both the parents and students and even in teachers as well. Especially those students whose institutions are once targeted or still under influence of terrorism are avoiding education and they are suffering directly and facing bad consequences in future. The militancy raised due to poverty and illiteracy in the world which further used by some leader for gaining the power. They activate the poor illiterate community which has no knowledge about the game while they are deceived and unite them against the government which latter on became militants which have weapons which are used against the government and destroyed to schools and colleges and make the environment unfavorable and create terror in the world for pressurizing the government. On the basis of problems the study recommended that to generate employment for reduction of poverty and established school and colleges for the improvement of their skill to find job easily anywhere in the world for pushing their economy. All countries of the world boundary walls should be constructed for protection of for foreign militant attack. Strict rules and regulation by government should be imposed. Passport and Identity Card system should be developed in the country for arresting the militants who goes against the country. Keywords: -Historical Review, Causes, Militancy, Impact, Education, World DOI : 10.7176/JAAS/58-04 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Chiral spiral in the presence of chiral imbalance

The phase diagram of the two-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (or chiral Gross-Neveu) model is characterized by an order parameter in the form of a chiral spiral. Its radius vanishes at a critical temperature, its period depends only on the chemical potential. We generalize these findings to chirally imbalanced systems by including a chiral chemical potential $\mu_5$. The relationship between the present, static approach and a previous, time dependent one is traced back to a half-local symmetry which the NJL$_2$ model shares with massless Dirac fermions, but which has been neglected so far. The structure of chiral spiral matter is further elucidated by computing fermion and antifermion momentum distribution functions, using a Bogoliubov transformation.

Operational Features of MEMS with an Even Number of Electrodes

The results of investigations on the influence of the nonparallelism of electrodes on electromechanical interactions in imbalanced Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) with comb electrode structures in the modes with a controllable voltage and charge are presented. The formulas for the calculation of the potential energy, electrostatic force, critical voltage, critical charge, and the magnitude of critical displacement of a movable electrode under different inclinations of the electrodes, which are necessary for the MEMS design, taking into account their real design features, are derived. It was stated that increasing the mutual inclination and the number of electrodes reduces the modulation depth of the capacitance Cmax/Cmin of the imbalanced capacitors with nonparallel electrodes, which can significantly limit the achievable modulation depth of the capacitance of tunable MEMS, especially when there are a large number of electrodes. It is revealed that in imbalanced MEMS, in the case of controllable voltage, when increasing the relative inclination of the electrodes, the electrostatic attraction force between charged electrodes decreases and the magnitudes of the critical voltage and displacement increase. Increasing the number of electrodes of an imbalanced capacitor will lead to a decrease in the range of the controllable displacement of the movable electrodes and the magnitude of the critical voltage. It is stated that under an invariable charge and nonparallel electrodes in imbalanced MEMS with a comb electrode structure a pull-in effect appears. When increasing the relative inclination of the electrodes, the electrostatic attraction force between the charged electrodes increases and the quantities of the critical charge and displacement decrease. When increasing the number of electrodes in imbalanced MEMS with a comb electrode structure in the invariable charge mode, the value of the critical displacement decreases monotonically and the magnitude of the critical charge rises.

Metric-Space Approach for Distinguishing Quantum Phase Transitions in Spin-Imbalanced Systems

Metric spaces are characterized by distances between pairs of elements. Systems that are physically similar are expected to present smaller distances (between their densities, wave functions and potentials) than systems that present different physical behaviors. For this reason metric spaces are good candidates for probing quantum phase transitions, since they could identify regimes of distinct phases. Here we apply metric space analysis to explore the transitions between the several phases in spin imbalanced systems. In particular we investigate the so-called FFLO (Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov) phase, which is an intriguing phenomenon in which superconductivity and magnetism coexist in the same material. This is expected to appear for example in attractive fermionic systems with spin-imbalanced populations, due to the internal polarization produced by the imbalance. The transition between FFLO phase (superconducting phase) and the normal phase (non-superconducting) and their boundaries have been subject of discussion in recent years. We consider the Hubbard model in the attractive regime for which Density Matrix Renormalization Group calculations allow us to obtain the exact density function of the system. We then analyze the exact density distances as a function of the polarization. We find that our distances display signatures of the distinct quantum phases in spin-imbalanced fermionic systems: with respect to a central reference polarization, systems without FFLO present a very symmetric behavior, while systems with phase transitions are asymmetric.