Supply Imbalance Research Articles

RESEARCH ON THE UPGRADING PATH OF CHINA'S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINZHANG

Since joining the world trade organization, China has not only become the largest exporter and trading country in the world, but also one of the countries with the largest increase in the participation of global value chains. However, China's manufacturing industry is facing the situation of transformation and upgrading and is in urgent need of leaping to the high end of the global value chain. Aiming at solving this problem, this essay focused on the study from available literature, data, and reports from various media and CNKI, used Global Value Chain and Digital Economy as the framework to search relevant issues and contribute to how to solve the problem. The results show that the following two ways may be helpful for China to upgrade its manufacturing industry: 1. Promote service-oriented industries; 2. Improve the imbalance of industry supply and demand; 3. Reduce the international dependence.

Potential Application of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Delaying Aging for Mice

Introduction: The low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is one of the popular treatment modalities allowing to boost the proliferation, differentiation, and migratory activity of cells, which might be a powerful strategy for anti-aging. Seeking a novel setup for LIPUS would benefit the development of ultrasound therapeutics. Methods: Here, we proposed a novel underwater exposure setup of LIPUS. C57BL/6 mice were reared in the designated age-groups, which consisted of a middle-aged group (12–14 months) and an old-age group (20–23 months). The age-related changes of body composition, imbalance of energy supply and demand, imbalance of signal network maintaining internal stability, and representative phenotypes of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity with the presence and absence of underwater LIPUS in middle-aged and aged groups were evaluated. Results: The results showed that there were obvious aging changes, imbalance of energy supply and demand, imbalance of signal network maintaining homeostasis, neurodegeneration, and damage of neural plasticity in the middle-aged and aged group with or without the LIPUS. Although middle-aged group and aged group responded differently to LIPUS, they mostly generated positive results in relieving bone loss, improving ovarian structure, regulated immune system, and enhanced endurance ability, which should have declined over age. Discussion: These findings indicate that underwater extracorporeal LIPUS exposure could be employed as single or combined anti-aging strategies that generated positive outcomes against the process of aging.

Construction of rechargeable bio-battery cells from electroactive antioxidants extracted from wasted vegetables

This work is focused on energy harvesting and energy storage through renewable sources. In many cases, vegetables may either get rotted or the market gets full due to imbalance in supply, price and demand. The waste vegetables and wild plants contain electrochemically active compounds, which can be used for preparation of rechargeable bio-battery cells. In this study, a set of battery cells was constructed by coupling the electroactive compounds of Onion-Radish, Onion-Bitter Orange, Onion-Cactus, Turnip-Radish, Turnip-bitter orange and Turnip-cactus. The fresh and boiled juices of these vegetables and wild plant combinations were used and the reaction conditions were optimized to maximize the output voltage. The output voltage was measured before and after charging of cells for different charging times, juice volume, charging voltage and pH of cell media. The effect of media was explored by changing the media nature from acidic to neutral and neutral to basic. It was observed that the voltage of most of the cells in basic media is higher than the neutral and basic media. Among the investigated batteries, turnip-cactus single cell battery produced an open circuit voltage of 2.13 V while the onion-radish battery produced an open circuit voltage 1.9 V.

The Impact of Digital Technologies on the Labor Market of Belarusian Youth

The article examines the impact of modern digitalization processes on the youth labor market in Belarus within the framework of the risk theory. This made it possible to assess the possible negative consequences of digitalization and to determine the ways to regulate them. On the empirical base of data analysis of two studies of youth, conducted with the participation of the authors, the contradictory influence of digitalization on the youth labor market is highlighted: the characteristics of the youth professional trajectories and labor values are described. The article also discusses the possibilities for the develop-ment of entrepreneurial initiatives and the information and communication environment of modern youth. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of risks in the youth labor market: the imbalance of supply and demand, unemployment, the emergence of new forms of labor relations. It is concluded that the key to the problem of balancing the youth labor market is the modernization of the education system in accordance with the requirements of digital transformation: focus on the formation of the students’ digital competencies; introduction of new information technologies (IT) in the educational process, etc. Improvement of the institutional conditions for doing business can enhance youth activity in entrepreneurship and allow young people to successfully adapt to new forms of labor relations.

Risk evaluation of the grain supply chain in China

ABSTRACT The food supply chain (GSC) involves multiple links from production to consumption. The interruption of one or more links will lead to supply risks, evolving into food crises. To better guarantee food security, maintain national security, it is essential to improve the structural imbalance of China's food supply. This article innovatively regards trade as an important link in the food supply chain and quantitatively designs 16 indicators from the four links of production, consumption, trade, and circulation to evaluate the food supply chain risks of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2019. The results show that: (1) The GSC risk value at the regional scale is generally stable, and the western region is slightly higher than the eastern region. (2) The distribution of risk value shows significant spatial clustering. (3) During the study period, China's grain risk has not changed significantly. The highest average risk is the production link of the supply chain, followed by the distribution and trade links. He also believes that adjusting production, enhancing regional trade, strengthening suitability, and enhancing defensiveness are corresponding measures to improve the food supply chain. It is expected to provide a reasonable reference for government agencies.

The political economy of inflation

For the last 40 years, macroeconomics has been dominated by Milton Friedman’s view that inflation occurs when the supply of money rises more quickly than economic output – ‘too much money chasing too few goods’, as the saying goes. If inflation is always due to an imbalance of money supply and output, central banks alone determine the path of inflation, and fiscal policy merely has a redistributive function. This paper draws on historical and empirical evidence as well as recent theoretical literature to show that this view is mistaken. Monetary policy has redistributive effects, and fiscal policy affects the money supply. It is therefore impossible to separate them in practice. Both fiscal and monetary policy have inflationary consequences, and because their distributional effects are different, monetary policy cannot fully offset fiscal decisions. Fiscal and monetary policy are influenced by political decisions and are themselves political in nature. Since inflation reflects spending and saving patterns which are affected by political choices, it is fundamentally a political phenomenon.

Estimating District-Level Electricity Consumption Using Remotely Sensed Data in Eastern Economic Corridor, Thailand

The intensive industrial development in special economic zones, such as Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor, increases energy consumption, leading to an imbalance of energy supply and a challenge for energy management. Electricity consumption at a local level is crucial for utility planners to manage and invest in the electrical grid. With this study, we propose an electricity consumption estimation model at the district level using machine learning with publicly available statistical data and built-up area (BU), area of lit (AL), and sum of light intensity (SL) data extracted from Landsat 8 and Suomi NPP satellite nighttime light images. The models created from three machine learning algorithms, which included Multiple Linear Regression (MR), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Regression (SVR), were compared. The results show that (1) electricity consumption is highly correlated with SL, AL, and BU; and (2) the DT model demonstrated a better performance in predicting local electricity consumption when compared to MR and SVR with the lowest error rate and highest R2. The local government in developing countries with limited data and financial resources can adopt the proposed approach to benefit from utilizing commonly available remote sensing and statistical data with simple machine learning models such as DT (regression method) for sustainable electricity management.

STIMULATION OF EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

The purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to improve the modern state employment policy under the intensification of external migration of the population of Ukraine. Effective institutional-administrative, organizational-economic, and information tools of the state employment policy should be used to create and improve the quality of existing jobs, intensify employment in rural areas, eliminate shadow employment and wages, equalize imbalances in supply and demand in the labor market. Design/Methodology/Approach. To study the need to develop modern state employment policy in Ukraine, the authors used the following research methods - theoretical and logical explanation, statistical analysis, systematization and explanation, semantic analysis. The study was conducted within the framework of institutional economic theory, migration, and state regulation of the economy. Conclusions. The studies have shown that the containment of external migration processes by increasing the number and improving the quality of jobs, in connection with which the task of developing the state employment policy against the background of high migration activity of the population of Ukraine is relevant. It is substantiated that the main challenges of the modern sphere of employment in Ukraine lead to an increase in external migration, namely: formation of labor shortage in the national labor market, intensification of destructive changes in employment; low pay, especially for budget sphere workers, the spread of shadow employment schemes, which leads to a decrease in social protection of employees; strengthening of professional and qualification imbalance in demand and proposals in the labor market due to the mismatch in training the specialists for the needs of the economy. Other challenges are the unformed labor market in rural areas, preservation trends of open and hidden unemployment among the rural population, reducing the demand for labor in rural areas; lack of appropriate conditions for the development of inclusive labor market, the insufficient realization of opportunities and potential of the state employment services in ensuring the innovative development of employment. The objective necessity of realization of effective institutional-administrative, organizational-economic, and information tools of the state employment policy is proved, which largely depends on the natural containment of migration processes in Ukraine. The implementation of the presented tools is focused on economic stabilization of the situation in the country and regions by stimulating the de-shadowing of business and income, increase the welfare of the population, increase of opportunities for young people in employment, and the growth of aspirations of migrant workers to remigration and realization of own business goals on the territory of Ukraine. Originality/value. The value of the research lies in the development of the mechanisms to ensure the competitiveness of national and regional labor markets as a tool for regulating external labor migration, as well as for improvement of the state employment policy, especially the development of innovative and creative types of work.

Coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the role of coronary disease in predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction. Background Type 2 myocardial infarction occurs due to imbalance in myocardial oxygen supply or demand without atherothrombosis. There is currently no consensus on how patients with type 2 myocardial infarction should be investigated or treated. Although non-cardiovascular mortality is common in this population, the incidence of future cardiovascular events is similar to those with myocardial infarction due to plaque rupture. Observational data suggest patients with type 2 myocardial infarction and underlying coronary artery disease may be at higher risk of cardiovascular events, but to date, most findings have been observed in selected rather than consecutive patient cohorts. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of 48,282 consecutive patients attending hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome. In 9,115 patients, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations were >99th centile, and the diagnosis was adjudicated in line with the Fourth Universal Definition. Patients with type 2 myocardial infarction were stratified by the presence of previous coronary artery disease and evaluated for a primary outcome of cardiovascular death or Type 1 or 4b myocardial infarction at one year. Competing risk cox regression models were used to evaluate predictors of the primary outcome selected a priori on the basis of clinical importance, with adjustment for the competing risk of non-cardiovascular death. Results The diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction was made in 55% (4,981) and 12% (1,121) of patients, respectively. Compared to patients without a previous diagnosis of coronary artery disease, those with coronary disease were older (78 vs 71) and more likely to be female (54% vs 46%). The incidence of future cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction was highest in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction and previous coronary disease (20%, 91/454), compared to those with type 2 myocardial infarction without known coronary disease (10%, 69/667, P<0.001), and was similar to patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (17%, 863/4981, Figure 1). After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of known coronary disease remained an important predictor for future cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction (adjusted Hazard Ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.03; Figure 2). Conclusion Coronary artery disease is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction. Further research is required to evaluate whether systematic investigation for coronary artery disease and targeted secondary prevention could improve outcomes in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation Figure 1Figure 2

Thermodynamic performance study of a novel cogeneration system combining solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, organic Rankine cycle with compressed air energy storage

Energy storage becomes increasingly significant for addressing imbalance of grid supply and demand. In this paper, a new cogeneration system based on combined compressed air energy storage (CAES), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), gas turbine (GT) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed. SOFC-GT system replaces GT combustor of traditional CAES, and SOFC-GT can operate with high efficiency at peak time. At the same time, ORC is employed to recover the exhaust from GT. Especially, in the new system, the surplus electricity is utilized to compress air, thus eliminating power consumption of air compressor in conventional SOFC-GT. Additionally, the system can also provide heat and power for small-scale distributed generation application users. The combined system is simulated based on Aspen plus and embedded Fortran. The energy, exergy analysis and parametric sensitivity analysis are used to evaluate the system performance. The results revealed that the round-trip efficiency, exergetic round-trip efficiency and discharging electrical efficiency are 76.07%, 61.78% and 72.39%, respectively. Compared with an integrated SOFC-GT-ORC system without energy storage, the electrical efficiency of the new system increases by 17.07%. Overall, the combined system can achieve high efficiencies, which can provide important theoretical guidance for efficient energy utilization.

Shipbuilding capacity optimization using shipbuilding demand forecasting model

The shipbuilding industry has been drastically affected by demand fluctuations. Currently, it faces intense global competition and a crisis because of an imbalance between supply and demand. This imbalance of supply and demand is caused by an excess of shipbuilding capacity. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has considered adjusting the shipbuilding capacity to reduce the imbalance based on the demand forecast. On the other hand, demand forecast of shipbuilding is a complex issue because the demand is influenced indirectly by adjustments in shipbuilding capacity. Therefore, it is important to examine the influence of construction capacity adjustments on the future demand of ships based on demand forecasting for the sustainable growth of the shipbuilding industry. In this study, shipbuilding capacity adjustment is considered using a proposed simulation system based on a demand-forecasting model. Additionally, the system dynamics model of a previous study is improved by developing a ship price-prediction model for evaluating the shipbuilding capacity-adjustment scenario. We conduct simulations using the proposed demand-forecasting model and system to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model and system. Furthermore, several shipbuilding capacity-adjustment scenarios are discussed using the proposed system.

Modelling the supply and need for health professionals for primary health care in Ghana: Implications for health professions education and employment planning.

The health workforce (HWF) is critical in developing responsive health systems to address population health needs and respond to health emergencies, but defective planning have arguably resulted in underinvestment in health professions education and decent employment. Primary Health Care (PHC) has been the anchor of Ghana's health system. As Ghana's population increases and the disease burden doubles, it is imperative to estimate the potential supply and need for health professionals; and the level of investment in health professions education and employment that will be necessary to avert any mismatches. Using a need-based health workforce planning framework, we triangulated data from multiple sources and systematically applied a previously published Microsoft® Excel-based model to conduct a fifteen-year projection of the HWF supply, needs, gaps and training requirements in the context of primary health care in Ghana. The projections show that based on the population (size and demographics), disease burden, the package of health services and the professional standards for delivering those services, Ghana needed about 221,593 health professionals across eleven categories in primary health care in 2020. At a rate of change between 3.2% and 10.7% (average: 5.5%) per annum, the aggregate need for health professionals is likely to reach 495,273 by 2035. By comparison, the current (2020) stock is estimated to grow from 148,390 to about 333,770 by 2035 at an average growth rate of 5.6%. The health professional's stock is projected to meet 67% of the need but with huge supply imbalances. Specifically, the supply of six out of the 11 health professionals (~54.5%) cannot meet even 50% of the needs by 2035, but Midwives could potentially be overproduced by 32% in 2030. Future health workforce strategy should endeavour to increase the intake of Pharmacy Technicians by more than seven-fold; General Practitioners by 110%; Registered general Nurses by 55% whilst Midwives scaled down by 15%. About US$ 480.39 million investment is required in health professions education to correct the need versus supply mismatches. By 2035, US$ 2.374 billion must be planned for the employment of those that would have to be trained to fill the need-based shortages and for sustaining the employment of those currently available.

Pakistan's energy sector—from a power outage to sustainable supply. Examining the role of China–Pakistan economic corridor

The industrial development alongside inadequate planning in the energy sector put demand-side pressure on Pakistan's energy demand. Similarly, the excessive dependency on fossil fuels has an ecological footprint. Moreover, the abuse of energy tariff subsidies and deficits had a detrimental effect on department earnings, limiting the sector's emergence and intensifying its crisis. This research examines the electric demand and supply imbalance in the context of the China–Pakistan economic corridor investments using the system dynamics modeling approach, highlights the renewable resources, and discusses the hurdles in the way of green conversion. Moreover, the study forecasts the production capacity, electric demand, and supply up to 2040. The results show that China–Pakistan economic corridor investments will uplift the production capacity up to 12.9%, whereas the average production will reach 15.8%, variables that were 5% and 4.8% before China–Pakistan economic corridor. As a result, the energy sector will be able to meet the energy demand after 2021. However, the current investment in the renewable industry will not help in achieving policy targets. The study provides targeted implications to overcome potential barriers to the green path.

Successive melting of a phase change material bounded in a finned trapezoidal domain

The storage of thermal energy in a trapezoidal aluminum enclosure via melting of PCM phase change material is studied. Experimental observations and numerical simulation are made to examine the process for the phase change of paraffin wax. The development of LHTES: latent heat thermal energy storage system is a promising alternate option to manage the growing imbalance of energy consumption and supply. Successive melting of paraffin Rubitherm-RT35 is designed when it is heated from one side of the frame and the remaining sides are insulated. Two configurations are examined for the heat storage material: (a) paraffin wax only via experimental set up; (b) PCM melting in a fin extended aluminum structure via simulation. From the lab set up, melt fronts of melting PCM for various time lengths are photographed. In second procedure, improvement in thermal conductivity is desired through fin extension by utilizing software Multi-physics Comsol version 5.4. Transient heat conduction and enthalpy function built in the fluid-solid module are hired. Simulation procedure is carried out with fin augmentation. The melting time is notably reduced with enhancing technique of thermal conductivity via fins.

Utilization of fruit and vegetable waste to produce value-added products: Conventional utilization and emerging opportunities-A review

Fruit and vegetables are one of the most consumed commodities globally, accounting for more than 42% of total food wastage. These vegetal foods can be consumed raw, processed, or taken as an addition to other food items. The continuous rise in population, in addition to technological advancements, has led to an imbalance in demand supply, resulting in increased food wastage globally. Although source reduction and recycling have shown promising results, more evaluations concerning economics and environmental impacts need to be given importance. The need of the hour lies in finding a possible method towards effective utilization for fruit and vegetable waste to generate value-added products which are more eco-friendly, cheaper, and sustainable. Thus, this article attempts to focus on the conventional and emerging opportunities of fruit and vegetable waste to generate value-added products. Conventional utilization, namely briquetting, waste to energy conversion, enzymatic degradation, and adsorption, as well as emerging opportunities in the areas of nutraceuticals, packaging, flavoring agents, and waste induced nanoparticles, have been emphasized. Additionally, recommendations and future perspectives towards better utilization of vegetal waste have been given importance. This review aims to narrow down the path towards evaluating the most techno-economic and efficient waste management technique for fruits and vegetable valorization, which can be promoted in the long term.

에너지믹스 및 에너지저장장치를 이용한 제주지역 재생에너지 수용증대 방안

The conversion of renewable energy to global climate change is a desirable change, but the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy create many difficulties in the operation of power systems. In particular, as the share of renewable energy increases and the output of renewable energy is restricted due to imbalance in supply and demand, there are many difficulties not only for system operators but also for renewable energy companies. The increase in the share of offshore wind power, which is highly utilized, is expected to aggravate these difficulties. In particular, in Jeju, where demand for electricity is limited and isolated, many output restrictions have been imposed due to the imbalance in supply and demand due to the increase in renewable energy share. This paper proposes a plan to increase renewable energy consumption in Jeju power system by predicting renewable energy curtailment from 2023 to 2025, and easing output curtailment through energy mix and ESS operation.

MLEE: Method Level Energy Estimation — A machine learning approach

Battery life is one of the main concerns for today’s mobile users. Due to an imbalance in demand and supply of energy in mobile devices, the burden to make battery last longer upon each charge has shifted towards application developers, who, in turn attempt to create energy efficient applications. However, mobile developers lack the tools to detect energy consumption hot-spots in their code. We aim to provide developers with a technique that helps them to precisely locate energy hot-spots at the method-level. In this paper we present MLEE, a novel approach for estimating energy consumption of methods. MLEE uses machine learning models to predict the energy consumption at method-level using software metrics as features. We use the Snapdragon power profiler to measure the energy consumption of applications using the shortest time interval to develop a method-level energy dataset for training machine learning prediction models. We demonstrate that several structural metrics of methods are highly co-related with energy consumption. Thereafter we use these features to predict the energy consumption of methods using linear regression, random forest and decision tree with an average mean-absolute-error of 2.6e−2 J.

Analysis of inventive problem-solving capacities for renewable energy storage investments

The energy storage process becomes very important due to the imbalances in energy supply and demand. Therefore some factors need to be considered to increase the efficiency of the energy storage system, such as cost–benefit analysis and technological improvements. This study aims to examine the inventive problem-solving capacities for renewable energy storage investments. A new model is suggested for this objective by considering fuzzy decision-making methodology. It is concluded that prior action and dynamicity are the most essential capacities of renewable energy storage investments. Additionally, dynamicity plays the most critical role when all factors are considered in renewable energy investment projects in a collaborative manner. Hence, it is recommended that the companies should mainly consider the initial developments of the storage facilities. Moreover, location selection for effective energy storage should also be considered to increase the performance of these investments.

돼지 부산물에서 담즙산의 활용

This review provides an overview of the use of pig by-products such as bile salt and their originated bioactive compounds. Pig by-products also increase in production as consumption of meat increases every year, but due to the high cost of processing and the large imbalance in supply and demand over the season, they also change significantly and rely on imported by-products with low price fluctuations. For this reason, a large amount of domestic pork by-products that are not consumed are being discarded. Several studies have conducted to developing the bioactive material such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) from pig by-products. CDCA can be extracted from bile salt in mammals and used as precursors to synthesize UDCA. UDCA is well known as the gallbladder component of bear, and it is used as an improvement in liver function in Korea and the eastern countries. Therefore, gallbladder, which is a by-roduct of pig slaughter, will be available as a material for acquiring bioactive compounds such as UDCA.

The Need for Regional Labor Markets for Mid-Level Specialists and the Priorities of Graduates of Secondary Vocational Education in Employment Issues

The article considers the problems of imbalance of supply and demand in regional labor markets, as well as the role of career guidance in choosing a profession. The article discloses the main management decisions for regulating reception targets, taking into account labor market requirements. The authors give examples of calculating the imbalance of supply and demand in personnel in regional labor markets using the example of the region’s need for mid-level medical workers. The article considers the aspects of employment of graduates of professional educational organizations, including labor migration and international experience. As a result of the study, the authors identified and formulated the general laws of labor migration of graduates of professional educational organizations and solutions to reduce the outflow of labor resources from the region. Separately, the authors examined the employment of graduates of the SVE (secondary vocational education) system in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The article was completed within the framework of the topic of the State Task of the RANEPA N 11.5 “Study of models for the transformation of regional systems of secondary vocational education and their need for resource support” for 2021.