Imaging Technique For Staging Research Articles

Colonoscopy following the positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan in patients with incidental colorectal uptake: what is the most effective management?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Survival rates are directly related to the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, emphasizing the value of early diagnosis. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is the gold standard imaging technique in staging, monitoring after treatment, and follow-up. We aimed to assess the importance of incidental 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by colon and rectum in positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging to determine a significant cutoff value for further investigation using colonoscopy and histopathological assessment. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and colonoscopy during 1 year and included the cases who had undergone a colonoscopy within 3 months following the positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan due to an incidental positive finding. Patients with a diagnosed colorectal malignancy or with a history of previous colorectal operations were excluded. A total of 81 patients were included in this study. Among 81 colonoscopic evaluations, histopathology revealed malignancy in 8 patients, and the prevalence of incidental colorectal cancer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was found to be 9.87%. SUVmax was found to be significantly related to malignancy and other colonoscopic findings (p<0.001). SUVmax cutoff value to suggest colorectal cancer was found to be median [7.9 (4.1-12.7)] (p<0.001). Regarding the studies determining a significant cutoff value, incidental colonic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography should lead the clinician to further investigation with colonoscopic biopsy, although the cutoff values for SUVmax are not certain and different in almost every published study, and negative positron emission tomography.computed tomography findings should not completely rule out malignancy, especially in high-risk patients.

Of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of lung nodule with histopathological correlation

Background: Lung cancer is the most common and lethal cancer around the world. Computed tomography (CT) is an integral imaging technique for staging the lung cancer. Aim of this study was to correlate the multidetector CT (MDCT) findings of lung nodule with histopathological examination, as well as to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in evaluation of suspected lung nodule. Methods: One hundred patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of lung nodule referred for CT scan of thorax were included in the study. Histopathological analysis was performed. The location of the lesion was analysed and nodules were classified. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done with spinal needle under all aseptic precautions. The results obtained by MDCT were analysed and compared with histopathological findings done by CT guided FNAC. Results: Average age of patients was 65 years, 25 % were females and 75 % were males. Among all the patients 66 % of lesions were located in right side lung and 34 % of lesions were left in location. Of all, 2 % patients had lesions less than 3 cm, 11 % patients had lesion between 3-4 cm, 19 % patients had lesion between 4-5 cm, 26 % patients had lesion between 5-7 cm and 42 % patients had lesion greater than 7 cm. Many of these patients also presented with enlarged lymph nodes, most commonly mediastinal (73 %) followed by subcarinal (51 %), hilar (44 %) and supraclavicular (4 %) lymph nodes. The most common histological findings of lung nodules analysis were adenocarcinoma (41 %). Among the 100 patients 58 % had lesions located peripherally while 42 % had central lesions. CT was a highly sensitive (95.45 %) and moderately specific (75 %) test and also had a high positive predictive value (96 %) to diagnose malignant lung nodule. Conclusion: CT guided FNAC of lung nodule is a safe, minimal invasive procedure with a high diagnostic accuracy. The use of CT-guided FNAC in hilar and mediastinal nodules can avoid unnecessary exploratory surgery for staging and also diagnosis could be made with lesser cost.

PET in the diagnostic management of infectious/inflammatory pulmonary pathologies: a revisit in the era of COVID-19.

PET in the diagnostic management of infectious/inflammatory pulmonary pathologies: a revisit in the era of COVID-19.

Pearls and pitfalls in lung cancer staging.

Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK and is the leading cause of death. Radiology plays a central role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected and known lung cancer. Tumour assessment includes both local staging, as well as distant staging. Local staging objectives include the assessment of technical resectability with regard to the evaluation of tumour size and invasion of surrounding structures. Distant staging objectives aim to identify distant metastasis in lymphatic and extra lymphatic tissues. CT, positron emission tomography/CT, MRI, and ultrasound are routinely used imaging techniques for staging in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we will consider the pitfalls of these examinations that radiologists potentially face during the work-up of patients with lung cancer.

Современные методы визуализации в стадировании и оценке резектабельности распространенного рака яичников

Современные методы визуализации в стадировании и оценке резектабельности распространенного рака яичников

Nieuwe beeldvormende technieken bij de diagnostiek van het prostaatcarcinoom

Samenvatting In dit artikel worden beeldvormende technieken besproken die worden gebruikt bij de diagnostiek van prostaatkanker en worden toekomstige ontwikkelingen op dit terrein belicht. Nieuwe en op dit moment bij voorkeur gebruikte beeldvormende technieken (prostaatspecifiek membraanantigeen (PSMA), positronemissietomografie met computertomografie (PET/CT) en whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) met diffusiegewogen opname, detecteren metastasen die met de traditionele technieken (botscan en computertomografie (CT)) onopgemerkt zouden zijn gebleven. Gegevens over de daadwerkelijk klinische functionaliteit van deze nieuwe technieken ontbreken echter nog. Dit leidt tot praktische dilemma’s bij de behandeling van patiënten met prostaatkanker, omdat de resultaten van grote klinische studies zijn gebaseerd op oude beeldvormende technieken. Deze dilemma’s kunnen pas worden opgelost als de diagnostische accuratesse van de nieuwe beeldvormende technieken, en de klinische consequenties van vroege detectie van metastasen, bekend zijn.

SC26.04 Novel Imaging Technique

SC26.04 Novel Imaging Technique

Diagnostic imaging techniques in staging of peripheral non-small cell lung cancer spreading

Aim. To develop a personalized approach for using radiologic and nuclear examination methods diagnostics to improve early diagnosis of bone and brain metastases in patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.Methods. The first group included 1473 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, bone scintigraphy, and chest, abdominal and pelvic X-ray computed tomography with intravenous contrast from 2006 to 2010 for diagnosing remote metastases. The second group included 55 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent comprehensive examination of the full skeleton using X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron-emission tomography. The results of brain magnetic resonance imaging in 40 patients (group 3) with peripheral small cell lung cancer with brain metastases were also analyzed.Results.In peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, bone (23.9%) and brain (14%) metastases were the most frequent. The risk for bone metastases was significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (pConclusion. For timely diagnosis of bone metastases, it is reasonable to administer positron-emission tomography with Fludeoxyglucose (18F) to all potentially resectable patients with peripheral small cell lung cancer, which in addition reveals metastases in other body regions. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be administered if the primary tumor was detected.

Perspectives of Novel Imaging Techniques for Staging, Therapy Response Assessment, and Monitoring of Surveillance in Lung Cancer: Summary of the Dresden 2013 Post WCLC-IASLC State-of-the-Art Imaging Workshop

Modern imaging techniques that can provide functional information on tumor vascularization, metabolic activity, or cellularity have seen significant improvements over the past decade. However, most of these techniques are currently not broadly utilized neither in clinical trials nor in clinical routine, although there is a large agreement on the fact that conventional approaches for therapy response assessment such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or World Health Organization criteria-that exclusively focus on the change in tumor size-are of less value for response assessment in modern thoracic oncology. The aim of this article comprises two parts: a short review of the most promising state-of-the-art imaging techniques that have the potential to play a larger role in thoracic oncology within the near future followed by a meeting report including recommendations of an interdisciplinary expert panel that discussed the potential of the different techniques during the Dresden 2013 Post World Congress of Lung Cancer (WCLC)--International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) meeting. It is intended to provide a comprehensive summary about ongoing trends and future perspectives on functional imaging in thoracic oncology.

Bronchial Carcinoid Imaged With Cardiac Gated, 128-Slice, Dual-Source, Flash CT Scanner to Direct Operative Management

Carcinoid is a rare lung cancer that typically presents with a relatively indolent clinical behavior. We present the case of a 32-year-old male with progressive respiratory symptoms, which resulted in the diagnosis of typical bronchial carcinoid. This case shows a novel imaging technique for staging a bronchial carcinoid for determination of optimal management. This case also shows the multidisciplinary approach required for management of patients with carcinoid tumors.

Target Volume Definition in Rectal Cancer: What Is the Best Imaging Modality?

All patients with rectal cancer should undergo an accurate preoperative staging, including local staging for tumour extension and reliable staging for synchronous distant metastases. Imaging is of utmost importance as a basis for selecting the optimal treatment strategies and as an aid for precise target delineation. Anatomical imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been the most commonly used pretreatment staging modalities, whereas endorectal ultrasonography may be useful for staging of smaller tumours (T2 or lower). MRI is the most accurate imaging technique for staging of T3 and T4 tumours. The role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is under investigation, and diffusion-weighted MRI seems promising for prediction of pathological complete response. For target delineation, planning CT, preferably contrast-enhanced, is the most used imaging technique. For locally advanced tumours, coregistration with MRI or PET/CT may prove to be useful. In this article, the literature published on target delineation in rectal cancer radiotherapy is evaluated, with focus on the best imaging modality for volume definition and radiotherapy planning.

Advanced breast cancer: new imaging techniques for detection of metastases

Whole-body imaging modalities such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)—positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) appear as new promising tools to detect tumor recurrence or distant metastases. Both techniques expect to have some impact on patient management. In order to detect bone metastases, [18F]fluoride-PET/CT and SPECT/CT are further new imaging tools. This review article provides an overview over the accuracy of these imaging techniques in staging of breast cancer.

Overview by an oncologist: What are the imaging needs of the oncologist and oncological surgeon?

Imaging techniques play an important role in the management of the care of the patient who has suspected or known malignancy. Currently available tests have high sensitivity, but low specificity and high false-positive rates. For example, computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging provide sensitive cross sectional imaging and have improved the detection of small lesions without increasing etiologic specificity. Many masses cannot be further characterized with current imaging studies which may be a particular problem in the assessment of residual disease versus fibrosis. Often, results of these imaging studies create new problems and confusion that require additional tests and sometimes invasive approaches in order to obtain definite answers. Clearly, the oncologist and oncological surgeon need new screening tests with increased specificity without losing sensitivity for most common cancers, and new imaging techniques for staging and follow-up of very small volume tumors without sacrificing specificity. New nuclear medicine techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) scan or immunoscintigraphy may provide a functional evaluation of a tumor for screening, staging, and follow-up. Initial results of immunoscintigraphy and PET imaging are very encouraging. They may in the future provide prognostic evaluation addition to anatomical assessment of tumor. Additionally, these new imaging studies survey the entire body and detect metastases at multiple sites (regional and distal) simultaneously. Therefore, we should determine the role of these imaging techniques in carefully controlled prospective trials.

Transrectal Ultrasonography for Prostatic Cancer: Its Value in Staging and Monitoring the Response to Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

Current methods to evaluate the size and local extent of prostatic cancer are imprecise. Quantitative assessments of changes after therapy are unreliable. We have used transrectal ultrasonography in 50 patients with clinically localized prostatic cancer to determine the value of this imaging technique in staging the local tumor and in monitoring the response of the tumor to therapy. Transverse images of the prostate were obtained at 5mm. intervals, and were used to determine the size and shape of the prostate, irregularity or discontinuity of the capsule, extracapsular extension of tumor and invasion into the seminal vesicles.Ultrasonography proved highly accurate in staging. Among 18 previously untreated patients whose tumor appeared to be confined to the prostate by rectal examination 8 (44 per cent) had extension beyond the prostate by ultrasonography, which was confirmed by operative findings. Serial ultrasonograms were performed before and after definitive radiotherapy in 7 patients and chemotherapy in 6 patients. In response to therapy the prostate decreased in size and resumed a more normal, symmetrical shape, the capsule reformed and thickened, the degree of extracapsular extension diminished and the seminal vesicles became normal. Maximal reduction in the size of the prostate usually occurred by 9 months after radiotherapy and by 3 months after chemotherapy. In patients with prostatic cancer transrectal ultrasonography is highly accurate in staging and offers an objective monitor of the response to therapy.