Imaging Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Multidetector computed tomography imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

<p>This study aims at describing the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and CT imaging findings in evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and its staging. Retrospective study of 40 patients who underwent MDCT and were histopathogically proven case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of buccal mucosa patients were included in the study. Plain, arterial, venous phase and puff cheek CT cuts were taken from base of skull till clavicle. The imaging findings in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity allow the radiologist to accurately determine the extent and staging of disease thereby help clinicians plan appropriate treatment. 40 such patients were done in which majority of them are male patients-27 as compared to female patients-13. Among these 40 patients, 20 patients had stage IVB cancer, 13 patients had stage IVA, 5 patients had stage II and 2 patients had stage I cancer. No patient included in our study had stage III. Patients’ recovery will depend on how early the cancer is found and staging gives an idea of patients’ possible outcomes. MDCT is non-invasive and cost-effective investigation which helps in evaluating squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and determines its stage of buccal cancer and guide the therapy accordingly.</p>

Commentary on Evaluating the Utility of Routine Imaging in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Unit.

Commentary on Evaluating the Utility of Routine Imaging in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Unit.

Imaging of squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx

Imaging of squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx

<sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (literature review)

Most of the malignant neoplasms of the head and neck are represented by squamous cell carcinoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is applied for primary staging, treatment planning, treatment response assessment evaluation and progression detection. The article presents a literature review on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, and major trends of other radiopharmaceuticals usage in this nosology.

Towards intra-operative resection margin assessment using near infrared hyperspectral imaging in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Towards intra-operative resection margin assessment using near infrared hyperspectral imaging in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Paralingual and sublingual space invasion in magnetic resonance imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of anterior two-thirds of tongue: Is there a prognostic significance? A prospective evaluation.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in tumors of anterior two-thirds of tongue has a significant role in assessing different tumor parameters, and in prognosticating. This prospective study conducted in a tertiary cancer care center, focused on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anterior two-thirds of tongue. The significance of invasion of paralingual and sublingual spaces in relation to the pathological grade of these tumors, and its predictive value in pathological nodal involvement were analyzed. All consecutive patients with the required inclusion criteria were accrued. Imaging was done with 3 Tesla MRI and invasion of sublingual and paralingual spaces were accurately assessed. Data elucidated were tabulated and analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test, nonparametric correlation using Spearman's Rho correlation, and two-independent sample test using Mann-Whitney's U-test were used to arrive at correlations between the imaging and histopathological parameters. Sixty-three patients were analyzed. Mean age was 52.3 ± 11.45 years. 74.6% were males. MRI showed sublingual space invasion in 47.6%. 18/28 with and 11/33 without invasion had node positivity. Paralingual space involvement was observed in 31.7% of patients. Thirteen of these and 16/43 with no involvement had positive cervical nodes. No statistically significant correlation was observed. This prospective study did not establish any statistically sound correlation, and robust data are lacking to support newer parameters such as sublingual space and paralingual space as probable predictors of cervical nodal involvement, and for prognostication.

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of squamous cell carcinoma induced by Vemurafenib

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of squamous cell carcinoma induced by Vemurafenib

Evaluation of a novel type of imaging probe based on a recombinant bivalent mini-antibody construct for detection of CD44v6-expressing squamous cell carcinoma.

We have developed the CD44v6-targeting human bivalent antibody fragment AbD19384, an engineered recombinant human bivalent Fab antibody formed via dimerization of dHLX (synthetic double helix loop helix motif) domains, for potential use in antibody-based molecular imaging of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. This is a unique construct that has, to the best of our knowledge, never been assessed for molecular imaging in vivo before. The objective of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the in vitro and in vivo binding properties of radio-iodinated AbD19384, and to assess its utility as a targeting agent for molecular imaging of CD44v6-expressing tumors. Antigen specificity and binding properties were assessed in vitro. In vivo specificity and biodistribution of 125I-AbD19384 were next evaluated in tumor-bearing mice using a dual-tumor setup. Finally, AbD19384 was labeled with 124I, and its imaging properties were assessed by small animal PET/CT in tumor bearing mice, and compared with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). In vitro studies demonstrated CD44v6-specific binding with slow off-rate for AbD19384. A favorable biodis-tribution profile was seen in vivo, with tumor-specific uptake. Small animal PET/CT images of 124I-AbD19384 supported the results through clearly visible high CD44v6-expressing tumors and faintly visible low expressing tumors, with superior imaging properties compared to 18F-FDG. Tumor-to-blood ratios increased with time for the conjugate (assessed up to 72 h p.i.), although 48 h p.i. proved best for imaging. Biodistribution and small-animal PET studies demonstrated that the recombinant Fab-dHLX construct AbD19384 is a promising tracer for imaging of CD44v6 antigen expression in vivo, with the future aim to be used for individualized diagnosis and early detection of squamous cell carcinomas in the head and neck region. Furthermore, this proof-of-concept research established the feasibility of using recombinant Fab-dHLX constructs for in vivo imaging of tumor biomarkers.

Characteristics and Limitations of FDG PET/CT for Imaging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Comprehensive Review of Anatomy, Metastatic Pathways, and Image Findings.

This image-based article illustrates the anatomic regions of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and describes the metastatic pathways in and TNM staging for each region. Both the role and limitations of FDG PET/CT in imaging such cancers are discussed, and cases exemplifying these issues are reported. Also included is a discussion of the use of FDG PET/CT to monitor the response of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck to therapy, in addition to a brief comparison of PET/CT with such traditional imaging modalities as CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Understanding the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as imaged by FDG PET/CT, is crucial for determining treatment strategy, because it helps to avoid incorrect staging and also provides an accurate assessment of treatment response.

Case Study: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Perianal Region, Vulva and Cervix

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin carcinoma, which most commonly affects sun-exposed areas. However squamous cell carcinoma can rarely involve the anal and perianal region. It has been found in association with human papilloma virus infection, uterine cervix dysplastic changes and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). We report a case of extensive carcinoma of the perianal region, vulva and cervix. A 49 years old female came with complaint of swelling in the right inguinal region since one year, pain and swelling in the gluteal region since 7-8 months. Contrast enhanced CT scan and MRI were done which showed a mass involving the perianal region, vulva and cervix with a large inguinal lymph node. Biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma.

In vivo characterization of the novel CD44v6-targeting Fab fragment AbD15179 for molecular imaging of squamous cell carcinoma: a dual-isotope study

BackgroundPatients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region (HNSCC) offer a diagnostic challenge due to difficulties to detect small tumours and metastases. Imaging methods available are not sufficient, and radio-immunodiagnostics could increase specificity and sensitivity of diagnostics. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the in vivo properties of the radiolabelled CD44v6-targeting fragment AbD15179 and to assess its utility as a targeting agent for radio-immunodiagnostics of CD44v6-expressing tumours.MethodsThe fully human CD44v6-targeting Fab fragment AbD15179 was labelled with 111In or 125I, as models for radionuclides suitable for imaging with SPECT or PET. Species specificity, antigen specificity and internalization properties were first assessed in vitro. In vivo specificity and biodistribution were then evaluated in tumour-bearing mice using a dual-tumour and dual-isotope setup.ResultsBoth species-specific and antigen-specific binding of the conjugates were demonstrated in vitro, with no detectable internalization. The in vivo studies demonstrated specific tumour binding and favourable tumour targeting properties for both conjugates, albeit with higher tumour uptake, slower tumour dissociation, higher tumour-to-blood ratio and higher CD44v6 sensitivity for the 111In-labelled fragment. In contrast, the 125I-Fab demonstrated more favourable tumour-to-organ ratios for liver, spleen and kidneys.ConclusionsWe conclude that AbD15179 efficiently targets CD44v6-expressing squamous cell carcinoma xenografts, and particularly, the 111In-Fab displayed high and specific tumour uptake. CD44v6 emerges as a suitable target for radio-immunodiagnostics, and a fully human antibody fragment such as AbD15179 can enable further clinical imaging studies.

Scanning acoustic microscopy imaging of tongue squamous cell carcinomas discriminates speed-of-sound between lesions and healthy regions in the mucous epithelium

ObjectiveA scanning acoustic microscope can show images created from the high-frequency sound's speed through tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the availability of the scanning acoustic microscope in the diagnosis of the squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. MethodsWe used SAM to obtain images of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, and we analyzed the differences in the sound speed between lesions and healthy regions in the mucous epithelium. The subjects were 10 patients (5 males and 5 females, 41–88 years old, avg. 64.0 years) who underwent partial resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. ResultsThe results showed significantly higher sound speeds in the lesions compared to the healthy regions in the mucous epithelium. The scanning acoustic microscope provides the general benefits as follows: images are acquired in a few minutes without any staining and the sound speeds from each region are provided as digital data and comparable among diseases. ConclusionsOur observations suggest that the scanning acoustic microscope imaging can be very helpful for determining the margin of squamous cell carcinoma.

Fuzzy Rule based Classification of Microscopic Images of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus

paper, we present a novel method based on active contours for segmentation and fuzzy rule based classification of microscopic images of esophagus tissues obtained from the abnormal regions of human esophagus detected through endoscopy. This method is used for classification of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of esophagus, namely, well differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), and poorly differentiated (PD) SCC. The multi-grid active contour method is used for cell nuclei segmentation, three geometric features are used feature extraction and a fuzzy rule based classifier is built for classification of SCC. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Keywordsmicroscopic image, squamous cell carcinoma, geometric features, active contour segmentation

Is there a correlation between 18F-FDG-PET standardized uptake value, T-classification, histological grading and the anatomic subsites in newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck?

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET)/CT imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) renders the possibility to study metabolic tumor activity by measuring FDG-uptake expressed as maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)). A correlation between SUV(max) and several factors including T-classification, histological tumor differentiation or different anatomic subsites is of potential interest in HNSCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate how metabolic tumor activity derived from FDG-PET correlates with prognostic clinical and pathological parameters including these factors. 262 patients with HNSCC undergoing PET/CT for initial staging were assessed separately for a potential correlation between SUV(max) and T-classification, histological grading, and anatomical subsites of the primary tumor. Nonparametric testing showed a significant correlation between SUV(max) and T-classification (P < 0.001). On the contrary, no statistically significant correlation was found between SUV(max) and histological tumor grading. Furthermore, no statistical significant correlation between the different anatomical subsites and SUV(max) were found. There was no significant correlation of SUV(max) and tumor grading after adjustment for T-stage and anatomical localization of the tumor, neither. Metabolic tumor activity correlates with T-stage of HNSCC. However, histological tumor grading does not correlate with SUV(max). The role of primary tumor SUV(max) as a predictor of outcome or survival remains unclear. Clinicians should therefore exercise caution in attributing any clinical importance to SUV(max) obtained from a single PET/CT exam.

A comparison of tumour perfusion assessed by deconvolution-based analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract

Our aim was to compare the perfusion [blood flow (BF)] values obtained by first-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the upper aerodigestive tract in the same patient population. Seventeen patients with histologically proven primary SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract were prospectively evaluated. The perfusion CT studies were obtained using a 16-row multi-slice CT scanner running a commercial software package with a deconvolution-based technique; while the perfusion MR studies (1.5 T) were analysed with in-house-written MR perfusion software based also on a deconvolution technique. The mean perfusion values of SCC assessed by perfusion CT and MR imaging were 68.93 +/- 31.61 and 81.56 +/- 49.25 ml/min/100 g, respectively. The Bland-Altman graph showed a proportional error in the perfusion values measured by DCE-CT and -MR imaging; however, the degree of agreement was acceptable (95% limits of agreement: -66.1 to 40.8). Regression analysis of the perfusion values demonstrated significant correlation between the modalities: BF(MR) = 1.34 x BF(CT) - 10.93 (P < 0.0005, r (2) = 0.74). The parametric maps generated by both modalities provided insights into the tumour perfusion, while analysis of the obtained perfusion values demonstrated that both modalities may be used interchangeably in SCC in the upper aerodigestive tract.

Prognostic value of 99mTc-HYNIC Annexin-V imaging in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

The purpose of the study was to report on the prognostic value of (99m)Tc-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) Annexin-V single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in patients suffering from primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with a primary untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. In all patients, (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V scintigraphy SPECT was performed before treatment instigation. Tumour-to-background ratios (T/N) of the primary tumour, derived from reconstructed images, as well as clinical variables were obtained in all patients and related to patient outcome. Median follow-up was 22.6 months (range 4.1-55.8 months). On univariate as well as multivariate analysis, only the (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V T/N ratio dichotomized using the group median as cutoff value (T/N ratio of 2) was predictive of recurrence-free survival (respectively, p = 0.0000 and 0.000). On univariate analysis, only lymph node status dichotomized according to N0 vs N1-N2-N3 disease and the (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V T/N ratio dichotomized using the group median as cutoff value (T/N ratio of 2) were predictive of overall survival (p = 0.0051 and 0.0000). When both factors were included in the multivariate model, both N status and the (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V T/N ratio showed an independent association with overall survival (p = 0.001 for lymph node status and 0.000 for dichotomized (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V T/N ratio). (99m)Tc-HYNIC Annexin-V T/N ratios derived from SPECT provides independent prognostic information on disease-free survival and overall survival.

Current use of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Combined Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

The history and physical examination, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are the cornerstones for identifying new and recurrent cancers of the head and neck. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) and combined PET/CT imaging technology is a promising development. These modalities have the potential to help stage patients presenting with head and neck cancer, identify responses to nonsurgical therapy, and allow earlier detection of recurrence in the hope of improving survival. The following paper provides a brief history of PET and PET/CT imaging. The current PET and PET/CT literature for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is reviewed, and specific recommendations for its use are provided.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an in vitro study.

To determine in vitro the potential of high-resolution MRI for evaluating the depth of tumor invasion of the tongue. Twenty-one resected specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were examined on a 1.5T MRI system with a 4 cm surface coil using four different sequences; T1W SE, T2W SE, 3D-FISP and 3D-CISS. The thickness of normal epithelium, tumor depth and width were measured on both MR images and histopathological sections. The mucosal epithelium, lamina propria and muscles of the tongue were clearly identifiable on MRI. All 21 carcinomas, including three early invasive carcinomas, were clearly demonstrated. A high correlation was found between the values measured by MRI and histopathology for thickness of mucosal epithelium and both depth and width of tumors. There was a good agreement between the T2W SE and the other imaging sequences for measurements of both depth and width of tumors. High-resolution MR imaging appears reliable for the in vitro evaluation of depth of tumor invasion in carcinoma of the tongue.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an in vitro study

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an in vitro study

MR Imaging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Floor of the Mouth

To determine the diagnostic value of MR imaging for tumors of the floor of the mouth and the effects of the tumors on the sublingual and submandibular glands. Thirty-seven patients with proven squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth underwent MR imaging, including unenhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted, dynamic, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The appearance of the tumor and the sublingual and submandibular glands was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. All tumors demonstrated replacement of the normal signal intensity in the adjacent sublingual gland. Twenty-one patients (57%) had abnormal signal intensity of the submandibular gland without tumor invasion, presumably secondary to submandibular duct obstruction by the tumor. Unenhanced T1-weighted images provided high contrast between tumor and sublingual gland. Tumors limited within the gland were well detected on unenhanced T1-weighted images. Large tumors extending beyond the gland were well delineated on dynamic images, but no better than on T2-weighted images. At MR imaging for tumor of the floor of the mouth, one must carefully evaluate the appearance of the sublingual and submandibular glands. Contrast-enhanced studies are unnecessary when the tumor is limited within the sublingual gland on precontrast MR images.