Film Images Research Articles

Scanning ex situ solid-state magnetic resonance imaging on polymeric films using a static magnetic field gradient by an electromagnet.

A new technique for ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of polymeric films has been developed. This method uses the static magnetic field gradient generated by a water-cooled copper electromagnet. The imaging process involves scanning the sample in the plane of the film under a static magnetic field gradient. Two-dimensional (2D) 19F MRI measurements are attempted, where the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra of the second half of a Hahn echo peak is used for the depth (X-axis) direction, and the sample film is mechanically moved for the Y-axis, which is in-plane with respect to the film surface and normal to the inter-magnetic-pole line (Z-axis). The sample is a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) [PTFE] film with carved stripes on its surface. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the film surface and thickness orientations were also performed for an analogous PTFE film. For 2D profiling on the film surface, 2D sample-moving was used. For depth profiling, FFT spectrum analysis was undertaken for each voxel situated at a specific (Y, Z) coordinate within the film. As a result, a 3D image of the sample and its corresponding geometry were obtained, although the scanning area was restricted to a part of the sample. Finally, numerical simulations of the spatial distribution of the static magnetic field were performed to confirm the validity of the present method.

Surfacing the occulted Islam in Imtiaz Ali’s Jab Harry Met Sejal: Or, some small joys of data hunting in big AI today

This is a methodological article consisting of two parts – the first part, demonstrates the methodologies of online research done towards annotating the multiple European locations in the Bollywood film Jab Harry Met Sejal (JHMS) made in 2017, followed by a second part that provides a commentary on the ideological subtext of the film gleaned from the online research work done. The presentation of online work consists of matching material available on the web – film location websites, imdb.com, images, maps and texts in the main with the imagery presented in the film. This seeks to emphasize the remarkable possibilities of using basic online research to analyse film content to a degree of considerable density and complexity, a development that improves day by day. Indeed, the ‘surface’ reading of locations as imagery when matched with other online resources such as Wikipedia entries on various aspects of film imagery allow for a very rich interpretation of the underlying ideational and ideological intention of films.

Dosimetric Systems in Pre-Treatment QA for Stereotactic Treatments: Correlation Agreements and Target Volume Dependency.

This study comprehensively investigated pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) for 100 cancer patients undergoing stereotactic treatments (SRS/SRT) using various detectors. The study conducted QA for SRS/SRT treatments planned with a 6MV SRS beam at a dose rate of 1,000 MU/min, utilizing Eclipse v13.6 Treatment Planning System (TPS). Point dose measurements employed 0.01cm3 and 0.13cm3 cylindrical ionization chambers, while planar dose verification utilized Gafchromic EBT-XD Film and Portal Imager (aS1000). Plans were categorized by target volume, and a thorough analysis compared point dose agreements, planar dose gamma pass rates, and their correlations with chamber volume mean dose, detector type, and point dose agreement. Additionally, the consistency between different ionization chambers was assessed. Point dose agreement generally improved with increasing target volume, except for volumes over 10cm3 with 0.01cm3 chambers, showing a contrary trend. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between TPS and measured doses for both chambers. Gamma pass rate improved with increasing target volume in EBT XD and aS1000 analyses, except for the >10cm3 group in EBT XD. EBT XD demonstrated better agreement with TPS for target volumes up to 10cm3 compared to aS1000, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the detectors. Strong correlations were found between chamber point dose and chamber volume mean dose agreement, as well as between the two gamma criteria analyses of the same detector type in the planar dose correlation analysis. However, weak correlations were discovered for other analyses. This study found weak correlation between different detector types in pre-treatment QA for point dose and planar dose evaluation. However, within a specific detector type, strong correlation was observed for different point dose evaluation methods and gamma criteria. This highlights the importance of cautious interpretation of QA results, particularly for SRS QA, due to the lack of correlation between detector types.

Deposition and Optical Characterization of Sputter Deposited p-Type Delafossite CuGaO2 Thin Films Using Cu2O and Ga2O3 Targets.

CuGaO2 thin films were deposited using the RF magnetron sputtering technique using Cu2O and Ga2O3 targets. The films were deposited at room temperature onto a quartz slide. The sputtering power of Cu2O remained constant at 50 W, while the sputtering power of Ga2O3 was systematically varied from 150 W to 200 W. The films were subsequently subjected to annealing at temperatures of 850 °C and 900 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere for a duration of 5 h. XRD analysis on films deposited with a Ga2O3 sputtering power of 175 W annealed at 900 °C revealed the development of nearly single-phase delafossite CuGaO2 thin films. SEM images of films annealed at 900 °C showed an increasing trend in grain size with a change in sputtering power level. Optical studies performed on the film revealed a transmission of 84.97% and indicated a band gap of approximately 3.27 eV. The film exhibited a refractive index of 2.5 within the wavelength range of 300 to 450 nm.

Examining Tear Film Dynamics Using the Novel Tear Film Imager.

The purpose of this study was to examine Tear Film Imager (TFI, AdOM, Israel) generated parameters across controls and dry eye (DE) subgroups and examine the changes in TFI parameters with contact lens (CL) placement. The retrospective study (n = 48) was conducted at the Miami Veterans Hospital. Symptoms were assessed through validated questionnaires and signs of tear function by tear break-up time and Schirmer scores. Participants were grouped as 1) healthy, 2) evaporative, 3) aqueous deficient, and 4) mixed DE based on tear function. Seventeen individuals had a baseline scan and a repeat scan following CL placement. Descriptives were compared across groups and over time. The median age was 27 years, 74% self-identified as White, 45% as male, and 51% as Hispanic. Subjects in the aqueous deficiency category had lower muco-aqueous layer thickness (MALT) (2672 vs. 3084 nm) but higher lipid layer thickness (47.5 vs. 38.3 nm), lipid break-up time (4.4 vs. 2 seconds), and interblink interval (13.9 vs. 5.4 seconds) compared with the evaporative group. Subjects in the evaporative group had the highest MALT values (3084 vs. 2988, 2672, 3053 nm) compared with healthy, aqueous-deficient, and mixed groups. Symptoms were not significantly correlated with TFI parameters. CL placement significantly decreased MALT values (2869 → 2175 nm, P = 0.001). The TFI provides unique information regarding the dynamic function of the tear film not captured by clinical examination. TFI generated metrics demonstrate a thinner aqueous layer in individuals with aqueous deficiency but highlight a thicker aqueous layer in those with evaporative DE.

Abstract 4867: Longitudinal latent class analysis to further understand trajectory of density over time and risk of breast cancer

Abstract Background: It is clinically important to refine strategies to manage women with dense breasts as they represent approximately 50% of all women screened. Change in breast density is related to risk of breast cancer.1 We also must understand this change in density over time in women with dense and non-dense breasts. While population level data have been reported to estimate decrease in density with age, this has largely used digitized film images.2 Expanding use of digital mammography and repeated screening generates a large library of images for each woman, offering the potential to use more of the image data. Methods: We use longitudinal latent class analysis to cluster women and estimate their change in density over time. To evaluate the groups of women with different patterns of change in density we fit latent class models to our previously published data.1 This includes 289 pathology confirmed cases of breast cancer and 658 controls among women followed from November 3, 2008 to October 31, 2020. Results: Among women with dense breasts, there are 107 who developed breast cancer during follow-up and 267 control women who remained free from breast cancer. In the women without dense breasts, 173 cases and 383 controls were evaluated and showed similar age and BMI within the controls as seen in women with dense breasts. Prevalence of family history and history of benign breast biopsy did not differ between the two groups. We observe this latent class and trajectory of density phenomenal separately for dense and non-dense groups in our data. We show that the data define 2 classes, those who have decrease in density over time and those who have increase over time. The odds ratio (OR) for cancer comparing decline vs. incline is 4.9 in women with dense breasts (BI-RADS C, D) and 6.17 on women with non-dense breasts (BI-RADS A, B). Discussion: To refine our understanding of patterns of change in breast density over time in relation to breast cancer risk we fit latent class models. Longitudinal change matters as reflected in the 2-class model. This is independent of starting density and confirms that a one-time measure of density is not enough to define level of risk for subsequent breast cancer. Further work is needed to better define the drivers and inhibitors of decline in breast density over time given this change over time as women age is a universal phenomenon.2 1. Jiang S, Bennett DL, Rosner BA, Colditz GA. Longitudinal Analysis of Change in Mammographic Density in Each Breast and Its Association With Breast Cancer Risk. JAMA Oncol 2023;9(6):808-814. (In English). DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.0434. 2. Burton A, Maskarinec G, Perez-Gomez B, et al. Mammographic density and ageing: A collaborative pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries worldwide. PLoS Med 2017;14(6):e1002335. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002335. Citation Format: Graham A. Colditz, Debbie L. Bennett, Shu Jiang. Longitudinal latent class analysis to further understand trajectory of density over time and risk of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4867.

Classification Method of 3D Pattern Film Images Using MLP Based on the Optimal Widths of Histogram

3D pattern film is a film that makes a 2D pattern appear 3D depending on the amount and angle of light. However, since the 3D pattern film image was developed recently, there is no established method for classifying and verifying defective products, and there is little research in this area, making it a necessary field of study. Additionally, 3D pattern film has blurred contours, making it difficult to detect the outlines and challenging to classify. Recently, many machine learning methods have been published for analyzing product quality. However, when there is a small amount of data and most images are similar, using deep learning can easily lead to overfitting. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a method that uses an MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) model to classify 3D pattern films into genuine and defective products. This approach entails inputting the widths derived from specific points’ heights in the image histogram of the 3D pattern film into the MLP, and then classifying the product as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ using optimal hyper-parameters found through the random search method. Although the contours of the 3D pattern film are blurred, this study can detect the characteristics of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ by using the image histogram. Moreover, the proposed method has the advantage of reducing the likelihood of overfitting and achieving high accuracy, as it reflects the characteristics of a limited number of similar images and builds a simple model. In the experiment, the accuracy of the proposed method was 98.809%, demonstrating superior performance compared to other models.

Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks with a Europium(III) Complex as an Emitter.

A coordination complex, Eu(C12C12dbm)3(phen), with strong emission and a high quantum yield (QY ∼ 51.9%) was synthesized. The EuIII complex, as a fluorescent emitter, was embedded in cholesteric liquid crystal polymer networks (CLCNs). A series of free-standing EuIII-CLCN films were obtained, generating a typical sharp emission band corresponding to the EuIII complex. Tunable handedness of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high |glum| values (up to 0.63) was observed. A series of CPL-active CLCN-coated PET films were also prepared (|glum| values up to 0.63), which can be used for large-area preparations. Moreover, by stacking an emitter-embedded PMMA layer and a CLCN layer, a composite system was built, and a large |glum| value (∼1.42) was achieved. Fluorescence patterns were prepared, and distinct images of CLCN films were recognized under both daylight and UV light. This work not only demonstrated that coordination compounds could be incorporated with CLCN films to prepare CPL-active materials with high |glum| values but also provided a new perspective for emissive CLCN materials used for anticounterfeiting and encryption.

Study of Urban Image in Chinese-American Films from the Perspective of the Other: A Case Study of The Farewell

Study of Urban Image in Chinese-American Films from the Perspective of the Other: A Case Study of The Farewell

Study of fractality nature in VO2 films and its influence on metal-insulator phase transition

The mechanisms underlying the origin of fractal shape of inclusions of a new phase in VO2 films during metal-insulator phase transition are discussed. The obtained results show that hysteresis of the temperature dependence of resistance R(T) significantly depends on the film morphology and texture. Moreover, some fractal features are observed. To determine the fractal dimension D of the structural elements of the studied films from their images, different fractal analysis approaches were preliminary compared and discussed. As a result of the film image treatments, the boundaries of the structural elements were found to have fractal dimensions of 1.3 to 1.5 or higher and to correlate with the shape of R(T). The fractal boundaries indicate the dominant role of elastic stress on the phase transition of films, which is confirmed by numerical modeling. Based on these results, an analytical model is proposed that relates the free energy of a film to the fractal dimension of its constituents. Depending on the ratio of the elastic and interface specific energies, the position of the free energy minimum F corresponds to a certain fractal dimensionality D. A small interface energy leads to a higher fractal dimension making the initial phase more stable. This conclusion explains well all the effects observed experimentally in VO2. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the influence of structure and morphology on other properties of the studied films.

Visualization of Recrystallization Induced by Ultraviolet Degradation of a Polypropylene Film Using Raman Imaging.

Raman images were constructed for polypropylene (PP) films before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (100 mW, 248-436 nm) for 10 h using several intensity ratios of Raman bands that are sensitive to crystallization of PP. In the images of PP films before the irradiation the intensity ratios are nearly uniform for the films but for those of the PP films after the irradiation, the ratios become large with a mottled pattern, indicating that recrystallization occurs in the PP films upon the irradiation of the UV light. The UV-irradiated PP films show worm-like shaped structures in few micrometer order representing the recrystallization of PP. The temperature gradient of PP is low (273 K), and thus, it is very likely that due to UV energy and polymer fragmentation, PP molecules become more mobile and some parts of molecular chains in amorphous parts of PP molecules lead to their rearrangement and recrystallization. In this study, we demonstrate that Raman imaging clearly detects subtle changes in the crystallinity with a micrometer order structure which morphological images cannot observe.

푸드트럭, 소셜미디어, 유동하는 쿠바 음식문화

This article examines ethnic and regional food culture in the United States, focusing on the Jon Favreau film Chef, and analyzes the intertextual impact of sharing food photos in social media spaces on the practice of food consumption and production in the real world. A summary and main research findings are as follows. First, in Chef, America’s diverse ethnic and regional food culture is portrayed through cinematic images of various ingredients and urban spaces along the main characters’ journey to Miami, New Orleans, Austin, and Los Angeles. Each city’s locality and food culture are complexly expressed through unique street scenes that preserve the local history and culture, famous restaurants that have become local attractions, colorful and lively food images, sounds generated during the cooking process, and cheerful background music. Second, this film can enhance understanding of the motivation for setting up and operating food trucks in the U.S. For the protagonist, Carl Casper, Cuban food and food trucks serve as symbols and infrastructure that guarantee his professional autonomy and creativity as a chef. By analyzing its storyline and dialogue, this article examines the ways, meanings, and repercussions of food culture representation in the media by those in the restaurant industry who prepare and sell food themselves, not by food consumers. To recapitulate, Chef is valuable as educational content in that it vividly introduces America’s diverse ethnic and regional food culture, farmers’ markets, and food truck culture. This article will contribute to a better understanding of how the prevalence of digital media can affect and socially reorganize food culture by examining the establishment and operation of food trucks in the U.S. through the film and the relationship between food truck businesses and social network services.

Digital Image and Perceptual Realism in Films - Forrest Gump and Encanto

Digital Image and Perceptual Realism in Films - Forrest Gump and Encanto

The Short-term Effects of Artificial Tears on the Tear Film Assessed by a Novel High-Resolution Tear Film Imager: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial tears (AT) on the sublayers of the tear film assessed by a novel tear film imaging (TFI) device. The mucoaqueous layer thickness (MALT) and lipid layer thickness (LLT) of 198 images from 11 healthy participants, 9 of whom had meibomian gland disease, were prospectively measured before and after exposure to 3 different AT preparations (Refresh Plus; Retaine [RTA]; Systane Complete PF [SYS]), using a novel nanometer resolution TFI device (AdOM, Israel). Participants were assessed at baseline and at 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after instilling 1 drop of AT during 3 sessions on separate days. Repeated-measures analysis of variances were used for comparisons with P < 0.05 considered significant. For all ATs, the mean MALT was greatest 1 minute after drop instillation, with an increase of 67%, 55%, and 11% above the baseline for SYS, Refresh Plus, and RTA, respectively. The SYS formulation demonstrated the highest percentage increases in mean MALT and LLT at most postdrop time points. The MALT differences were significantly higher in the SYS than in the RTA ( P = 0.014). After 60 minutes, no AT group demonstrated statistically significant changes in MALT or LLT compared with baseline. We report, for the first time, the effects of AT on MALT and LLT using a high-resolution TFI. A substantial acute mean MALT increase occurs 1 minute after AT instillation with all agents tested, but there were clear differences in response and durability, suggesting the benefits of choosing specific AT according to the needs of each patient.

Glass as a means of forming a unique artistic image in fine art, cinema and architecture

The article discusses the basic physical properties of glass and its possibilities of use as a means of creating an image in the fine arts, cinema and architecture. The indispensability of glass as a material in various fields has been revealed, especially in those where visual perception plays a special role. In cinematography, glass allows you to create a special frame composition on the screen and enhance the narrative of the script. In fine arts and architecture, it is used to transform the atmosphere and properties of space, create unique images, and regulate the degree of closeness and openness of space. The importance of glass as a tool for creating the most daring and unusual ideas, which influenced the development of fine arts, architecture and cinema, is revealed.

العلاقة بين الشعر الفني والصور المرئية في فيلم مرآة لأرسيني أليكساندروفيتش تاركوفسكي وأندري تاركوفسكي

هذا العمل مخصص إلى مواضيع نظرية مطبقة على فلم المرآة للمخرج والكاتب الروسي تاركوفيسكي، فعمله يعدُّ نموذجًا جيدًا لدراسة العلاقات الفنية بين الفنون بشكل عام والثقافة المرئية للسينما الأدبية والتعبيرية بشكل خاص؛ لانَّ هذا العمل يجمع تقريبا كل الفنون (الموسيقى, الرسم, الشعر والصورة). الدراسة تشمل عرض عام لمشاهد الفلم، فضلًا عن تحليل البنائي لبعض الظواهر النظرية التي تظهر العلاقة بين الفنون سواء كانت الفنون هذه طريق عن ثقدمالتعبيرية (الصورة الشعرية) أو الصورة مرئية ( الصورة التصورية المرسومة او الصورة الفلمية) وكيف يتمالتنسيق فيما بينها من خلال وسائط للغويه وفنيه وتقنيه تشير بطريقة أو بأخرى الىاكيفراسس, ميتافورا,سينستسيا, متا ايماخن الى اخره.... التي تهدف إلى تهيئة الجمهور للفيلم، والتي تثيرحالة معينه من الحماس أو بعض المشاعر الحقيقة

Morphology, phylogeny, and polyurethane degrading ability of Lasiodiplodia iraniensis and Mortierella alpina

ABSTRACT Millions of tons of plastic products are produced globally each year; however, the low degradation rate of plastics results in an accumulation of these products in almost every ecosystem on the planet, causing enormous environmental harm. In this study, we isolated three fungal strains found growing on a piece of foam and sought to determine if these fungi have the capacity to degrade plastic. According to multigene (ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and TUB2) phylogenetic analyses and morphological studies, the three fungal strains were identified as two distinct species: Lasiodiplodia iraniensis and Mortierella alpina. The strains were inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), and malt agar medium containing chloramphenicol (CMEA) and covered with polyurethane (PU) films and incubated for four months. It was found that Mortierella alpina (ZHKUCC 22–0283) contributed to the PU mass loss of 26.30% on CMEA at 32°C, while Lasiodiplodia iraniensis (ZHKUCC 22–0282) accounted for the PU mass loss of 13.55% on MEA at 32°C. The surface hyphae were washed off by the PU films, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging was used to check the fungal degradation of the PU films. Full descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic trees to show the position of the two fungal species and SEM images of PU films are provided.

Becoming an image in the cinema: from Lessing and Hegel to S. Eisenstein

The object of the study is the formation of an image in cinema. S.M. Eisenstein defined cinema as a comparison of two methods: the method of image and the method of figurative formation. The image in the cinema is the "image of becoming". The purpose of the study is to trace the evolution of views on the "image of becoming" from G. E. Lessing to G. V. F. Hegel and S. M. Eisenstein. The author refers to the origins of the formation of the "image of becoming", the teachings of G.E. Lessing and G.V.F. Hegel, who had a great influence on S.M. Eisenstein. G.E. Lessing determined that the methods of studying spatial and temporal arts are different. The method of image is a method inherent in spatial arts, the method of becoming is inherent in poetry as a temporary art. G.E. Lessing gave primacy to the method of becoming. G.V.F. Hegel dealt with a similar problem, he formed the doctrine of the "image of becoming" that arises in time. The research is based on the principle of image birth, developed by S.M. Eisenstein, according to whose teaching, an image is born in a montage. Comparative and semiotic methods are used in the study. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the research of the continuity of the doctrine of the "image of becoming", in the study of S. M. Eisenstein's innovation in this matter. According to S. Eisenstein, cinema is a synthetic, space-time art. It is associated with spatial arts, fine arts, architecture, sculpture, as well as with temporary ones: music, poetry. Cinematography is based on the "Dionysus method", which makes cinema related to other forms of play. According to S. Eisenstein, a movie frame is an assembly complex, it has its own design and composition, which makes it related to spatial types of art, as well as rhythm, which makes it related to the arts. Cinema is a complex system of images and signs. S.M. Eisenstein defines cinema as a field of language. The formation of an image in a movie takes place in time.

들뢰즈의 영화 이미지 존재론을 통해 본 미켈란젤로 안토니오니 “붉은 사막”

Based on Deleuze's image theory, the characteristics of the film image embodied in Michelangelo Antonioni's film “Red Desert” were analyzed. The characteristics of the image appearing in “Red Desert” can be classified into three characteristics. Firstly, it exemplifies the 'free indirect subjective' of the perception-image. Secondly, in “Red Desert”, the emergence of affection-image, which occupies the gap between perception-image and the action-image, arises from close-up or unframing, any-space-whatevers. Thirdly, images that share the characteristics of recollection-image and crystal-image have the characteristics of a precursor to the emergence of time-image. The purpose of the work of examining the film “Red Desert” through Deleuze's image ontology is to enhance the significance of the film's film art.

Ultrafast Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of epitaxial thin films using deep complex-valued neural networks

Domain wall structures form spontaneously due to epitaxial misfit during thin film growth. Imaging the dynamics of domains and domain walls at ultrafast timescales can provide fundamental clues to features that impact electrical transport in electronic devices. Recently, deep learning based methods showed promising phase retrieval (PR) performance, allowing intensity-only measurements to be transformed into snapshot real space images. While the Fourier imaging model involves complex-valued quantities, most existing deep learning based methods solve the PR problem with real-valued based models, where the connection between amplitude and phase is ignored. To this end, we involve complex numbers operation in the neural network to preserve the amplitude and phase connection. Therefore, we employ the complex-valued neural network for solving the PR problem and evaluate it on Bragg coherent diffraction data streams collected from an epitaxial La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) thin film using an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). Our proposed complex-valued neural network based approach outperforms the traditional real-valued neural network methods in both supervised and unsupervised learning manner. Phase domains are also observed from the LSCO thin film at an ultrafast timescale using the complex-valued neural network.