Film Images Research Articles

The effect of cobalt doping on the structure and properties of copper oxide thin films: Evolution in surface morphology, p- to n-type carrier transition and enhancement optoelectronic behavior

This paper reports the preparation of CuO and cobalt (Co)-doped CuO (Co:CuO) thin films (TFs) by a convenient spray pyrolysis reactor. Co concentration (conc.) was varied in CuO TFs from 2 to 8[Formula: see text]at.% at the step of 2[Formula: see text]at.%. In the FESEM images of undoped films, aggregations of nanoparticles were found. The surface morphology of CuO turned into porous and spongy nanostructures for 6[Formula: see text]at.% Co-doping. In XRD analysis, CuO film showed a monoclinic crystal structure with ([Formula: see text]11) peak occurrence. The crystallite size of the films was found to be between 5[Formula: see text]nm and 12[Formula: see text]nm. In UV–vis spectroscopy, the optical transmittance of Co:CuO films increased in the visible region and then saturated in the NIR light region. The highest transmittance of about 96% was found for the 6 at.% Co:CuO film. The band gap of Co:CuO increased with Co doping. Urbach energy, refractive index, dielectric constants and dispersion energy parameters were estimated. Electrical resistivity and carrier concentration were found in the order of [Formula: see text]-cm and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. CuO films showed n-type conductivity for 4, 6 and 8[Formula: see text]at.% Co-doping. The figure of merit increased significantly with Co-doping up to 6[Formula: see text]at.%, indicating the enhancement in optoelectronic behavior.

Detection of Extracochlear Electrodes Using Electrical Field Imaging (EFI).

To analyze the use of electrical field imaging (EFI) in the detection of extracochlear electrodes in cochlear implants (CI). Retrospective cohort study. Tertiary academic medical center. EFI patterns from 6 recipients with extracochlear electrodes were compared with 10 recipients with all intracochlear electrodes to identify differences in EFI patterns between these two groups. For the extracochlear group, EFI patterns were analyzed using two methods: visual inspection and calculation of the average impedance difference (AID) between specific EFI curves. These results were then compared with information from CT and plain film imaging, surgical notes, and audiology tests to confirm the placement of the electrodes in each recipient. An average AID of 0.06 kΩ was calculated from the EFI patterns for recipients with complete electrode insertion, whereas an average AID of 0.15 kΩ was calculated from the EFI curves measured for the extracochlear electrodes. Visual analysis of the EFI impedance curves for extracochlear electrodes showed a distinct separation from those measured for intracochlear electrodes. Based on AID analysis and visual inspection the EFI, patterns were in close agreement with the number of extracochlear electrodes detected based on either imaging, intraoperative surgical note, or audiological findings. EFI is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and time-efficient measurement that can be used to detect extracochlear electrodes and monitor electrode migration from the cochlea.

Monsters, Victims and Rebels: Transitions of Post-Yugoslav Slovenian Queerness on Film

Abstract The article looks at Slovenian queer images in the country’s post-independence feature cinema. While during Yugoslavian times Slovenian cinema contained complex, at times even radical queer imagery, the 1990s’ re-traditionalization of society was also reflected on film in the erasure of queerness. However, when queerness again became part of national cinematic images, it reflected the country’s complex transition and in-betweenness – between the legacy of Yugoslavia, the traditional values of the new state, and an ambition to quickly become part of the EU. This trajectory was neither linear nor one-directional (from Yugoslavia to the EU with its supposedly more liberal attitudes), but multilayered and messy. While queerness was at times portrayed in problematic ways or as something that cannot freely exist in the new national framework, it was nevertheless also a point of subversion, transgression, and recently alternative communal solidarity.

Effect of Fe ion beam irradiation on structural, surface, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by radio frequency sputtering

In this work, ZnO thin films were exposed to 80 keV Fe+1 ions at different fluences (1 x 1013, 1 x 1014, 5 x 1014, 1 x 1015 ions/cm2 ). With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and the four-point probe technique, we were able to measure the structural and surface morphology, optical, and electrical properties of both untreated and irradiated ZnO thin films. X-ray diffraction research showed that crystallite size was diminished from its pristine level with the fluence of 1 x 1013 ions/cm2 , but that crystallite size increased along with the ion fluence, resulting in higher levels of crystallinity in the thin films. SEM images of a ZnO thin film exposed atthe fluence of 5 x 1014 ions/cm2 revealed acicular patterns on its surface. The electrical resistivity of ZnO thin film decreases as the fluence of ion increases. Consistency between the findings supports the idea that the observed behavior is due to the confined heating effect generated by ion irradiation of the thin films.

Determining 3D molecular orientation from polarization-IR spectra: tutorial

Despite the ubiquity of molecular alignment in natural and synthesized materials, accurate mapping of three-dimensional (3D) molecular orientations with sufficient spatial resolving power has remained challenging. Conventional analysis approaches of polarization-based optical imaging cannot measure the out-of-plane angle of molecular orientations without tilting a sample. Recently, we proposed a new theoretical algorithm to determine the 3D orientation angle of aligned molecules using polarization-controlled infrared (IR) spectral data without tilting a sample. The algorithm was based on a concurrent analysis of the absorptances of two non-parallel IR transition dipole moments using a single orientational descriptor. The outcome of the non-iterative calculation is the 3D angle of the mean orientation and the order parameter of the local orientational distribution function. The algorithm was successfully applied to the analysis of polarization-controlled hyperspectral IR imaging of semi-crystalline polymer films. This tutorial derives and summarizes various theoretical descriptions presented in our recent papers and discusses the assumptions and limitations associated with the analysis method.

Characterization of chitosan films incorporating thyme oil and its effect on black olives

This study purposed to determine the impacts of chitosan film (CF) (2%, w/v) coating combined with thyme oil (TO) (0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, (v/v)) on the quality properties of black olives during storage (3 months, +4 and 25°C). In the study, film properties (color, elongation at break, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were analyzed. In the second stage, table olive samples were assessed for physicochemical (% moisture, pH, titratable acidity, color (L*, a*, b* and ∆E*), and microbiological (yeast–mold and total viable count) properties. The average elongation at break, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values of the obtained film coating samples were 70.02%, 16.66 MPa, 24.05 MPa for the CF; 74.69%, 14.79 MPa, 19.65 MPa for the CF + 0.2% TO; 77.21%, 10.79 MPa, 13.94 MPa for CF + 0.5% TO and 83.78%, 10.40 MPa, 12.69 MPa for CF + 1.0% TO group, respectively. Chitosan film sample was determined the highest tensile strength value and the CF+1% TO sample group was detected with the highest elongation at break. It was determined that the increase in the concentration of TO in the film increased the elongation at break and decreased the Young’s modulus value. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface images of group CF film have a homogeneous and uniform structure but added thyme oil occured a heterogeneous appearance. The L*, a*, b*, and ∆E* values increased with the addition of thyme oil and a statistically significant difference was found between samples (P < 0.05). The highest moisture loss was determined in the control (uncoated) group. The highest decrease in yeast–mold and total viable count value was found 4.89 log CFU/g CF + 0.2% TO and 5.21 log CFU/g in CF + 1.0% TO sample at the end of storage period at 4°C in table olives.

Effect of Al contents on the microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance of TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films

Abstract The TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films were grown on 304 stainless steels through magnetron sputtering system. The microstructure and cross-sectional and surface images, mechanical and cavitation erosion properties of the prepared films were explored in detail. The results of the study reveal that all TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films exhibit a face-centered cubic structure with a preferential orientation in (200) plane. The cross-sectional images of films show the columnar structure. The values of elastic modulus, hardness, and adhesive strength for the TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films initially increase and later decrease as the Al content is increased, whereas the mass loss for the TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films initially decrease and later increase during the cavitation erosion experiment. The TiSiN/NiTiAl0.8CrCoN nanomultilayer film provides a maximum hardness value equal to 31.3 GPa, a maximum elastic modulus equal to 218.9 GPa, a highest adhesive strength equal to 38.8 N and a least mass loss equal to 0.8 mg. The study showed that the solid solution strength and the alternating stress field enhance the properties of the TiSiN/NiTiAlxCrCoN nanomultilayer films.

An Investigation into the Portrayal of Women on Camera and Gender Balance in Drama Series

With the continuous development of film art, the image of female characters in film works has also undergone many stages of change. This study aims to explore in depth the issues surrounding the representation of women in front of the camera and the balance of gender representations in television drama. By analyzing a large number of film and television works, the study finds that the construction of female images in film has undergone a complex historical evolution. In early films, women were often portrayed as traditional and subservient to male-dominated society. Over time, however, they have gradually become more diverse, independent, and intelligent. However, gender inequality still exists in the film and television industry, and the objectification of women’s roles in films and the male gaze is still prominent. The image of women is also facing new challenges under the influence of commercialization, and the commercial representation of their consciousness has had a certain impact on the portrayal of women’s image.

David Lynch’s Los Angeles: Control and Liberation through the Cinematic Image

Arguably, one of America’s greatest cinematic surrealists, David Lynch, boasts a filmography concerned with iconography, the nature of kitsch, and what dark underbellies such images veil. In Lynch’s famous TV series Twin Peaks (1990-2017), the kitsch aspect of a local small-town murder mystery is connected to a surreal and ungraspable larger world of primordial darkness and incomprehensible nightmares, where consciousness and unconsciousness constantly inform upon one another, one cannot exist without the other. Lynch’s cinematic outings, such as the neo-noir Lost Highway (1997), the acclaimed Hollywood fantasy Mulholland Drive (2001), and the experimental nightmare Inland Empire (2006), are all set in the heart of the film industry, in Los Angeles, and reveal his most ambitious vision yet: to examine the hierarchies of images in American pop-culture, providing a space in which dreams and nightmares routinely, yet subtly, intersect. In my article, I will analyze how these films take stock of American West Coast lives of the late 20th and early 21st century, on the one hand providing a psychodrama of dreams gone bust, while on the other exploring the potential for a new iconography.

Cinematic Images and Hermeneutic Imagination from Peirce’s Semiotic-pragmatic Perspective : Multisemiosis of Cinematic Experience

Cinematic Images and Hermeneutic Imagination from Peirce’s Semiotic-pragmatic Perspective : Multisemiosis of Cinematic Experience

MMXX by Cristi Puiu – The 10th Muse and the Dismantling of Attractions

The article addresses the issue of stylistic and thematic coherence in the work of Romanian director Cristi Puiu, in particular the recurring elements of cinematic language that characterise the Romanian New Wave and the constant thematic motifs presented by Puiu in a philosophical and theological key. Based on the observations of Karol Irzykowski, a Polish precursor of theoretical thought on cinema as art, the article examines how the narrative strategy Irzykowski termed 'fermata', used by him especially to describe extensive film, functions in relation to Puiu's works. This phenomenon is considered as a characteristic feature of Puiu's full-length works, although particular attention is given to the analysis of his most recent picture, 2023's MMXX, which tackles the theme of functioning in conditions of social isolation. This film, due to its specific construction, also allows us to look at how the individual components of the film image (episodes) interact with each other giving the film work additional meaning at the level of its structure. Whether Puiu continues or breaks with the themes taken up in his previous films, how to read the ascetic form and enigmatic content, constituting a kind of uncompromising 'dismantling of attractions', challenging the audience and potentially hindering the perception of the film – these are the questions the author poses and attempts to answer in this article.

The Mockumentary: History of a Deception. Perception, Image Consciousness, and Narrative Engagement

This article aims to investigate the documentary film image through the lens of phenomenological image theory. Specifically, it seeks to explore the genre of mockumentary, reflecting on the reasons behind the deception that lead the consciousness to believe that what it is seeing has really happened. In the phenomenological literature, the theme of deception has often been addressed through the case of hyperrealistic wax statues, which exemplify the typical perceptual misunderstanding of mistaking an image for a flesh-and-blood person. In contrast to the wax figures model, I argue that there is no perceptual deception in mockumentaries. On the contrary: mockumentaries work precisely because they do not attempt to deceive perception. Rather, the idea I propose is to interpret the deception of the mockumentary in terms of a narrative engagement of perception.

Between "The Eighth Day" and "The Peanut Butter Falcon" - (r)evolution in constructing a film image of a person with Down syndrome

Introduction: Thanks to education through film, social changes take place, viewers imitate the patterns and attitudes presented on the screen. it is so important to properly portray people with disabilities in the media, because the media image is often their only representation in the consciousness of the average viewer. The study compared two films telling analogous stories of young men with Down syndrome. Research Aim: The aim of the presented research was to answer the question of how the image of the film hero - an adult man with Down syndrome - has changed over the 25 years between the creation of both analyzed films. Are these changes adequate to current trends and changes that have occurred in social life? Research Method: Elements of the media content analysis method were used to describe, classify and interpret selected films. Results: Diametric differences were observed in the way the character of a film hero is constructed - the changes concern both the model of disability in which his character is embedded and the presence of classic, disabling images of disability in the analyzed productions. Conclusions: The world of media takes into account the research results and proposals on how to present disabilities in the media reported by the community of people with disabilities, educators and media researchers. Future filmmakers need to be constantly and systematically educated about the influence of the media on social attitudes and the awareness of art recipients.

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE USE OF POLARISATION TOMOGRAPHY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE COMPONENT OF BLOOD FILMS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE SEVERITY OF THE COURSE OF ABDOMINAL SEPSIS

Introduction. Assessment of the severity of enteric insufficiency in abdominal sepsis requires improvement, as a differentiated approach to the treatment of such patients depends on it. Therefore, the use of polarization tomography of the polycrystalline component of blood films is one of the promising directions for diagnosing the severity of the course of abdominal sepsis. Aim. To investigate in an experiment the method of polarization tomography of the polycrystalline component of blood films as a diagnostic criterion for determining the severity of the course of abdominal sepsis. Materials and methods. We modelled mild, moderate and severe peritonitis on 80 white non-linear rats of both sexes, weighing from 180 to 220 g, according to the methodology developed in the clinic. Samples of blood films from rats with different severity of peritonitis were used as objects of research using polarization tomography of the polycrystalline component of blood films and determination of distributions of phase parameters in pixels of a digital image. Results. The conducted experimental studies showed that the system of polarization mapping of the polycrystalline component of the blood films of laboratory rats clearly determines the degree of intoxication depending on the severity of abdominal sepsis, which is visualized by obtaining an album of maps of distributions of phase values of digital microscopic image points. The most diagnostically sensitive statistical criteria for differentiation of phase maps of microscopic images of blood films of rats from control group 1 and experimental groups 2-4 were found, which contributed to the determination of relationships between the distributions of statistical parameters of the 1st-4th orders, which characterize the phase maps depending on the severity of peritonitis. Conclusions. The transformation of the statistical structure of linear birefringence polarization tomograms of the blood of rats is associated with necrotic degradation (anemia) of optically anisotropic hemoglobin structures, as well as with a decrease in the number of optically active erythrocytes in the blood of rats changed as a result of abdominal sepsis, depending on the severity of its course. The balanced accuracy of differentiation of rats of the control and experimental groups, the intergroup differentiation of the course of abdominal sepsis depending on the degree of severity testify to the presence of the diagnostic ability of the polarization tomography method.

Средства репрезентации амбивалентного аспекта кинообраза в англоязычном кинодискурсе (на материале фильма “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire”)

The purpose of the study is to identify linguistic and extralinguistic means of representation that actualize the ambivalent aspect of the cinematic image of the main character in the film "The Hunger Games: Catching Fire." The article examines such basic means of representation used to create the image of Katniss Everdeen as metaphor, antithesis, visual components (character costumes, special effects) that give the cinematic image emotional and psychological depth and duality. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the potential of the means of representing the ambivalent female cinematic image in the construction of images in the modern English-language film text in the light of their correlation with current trends in culture and society. As a result, it was found that the identified means of representation enhance the perception of the inconsistency and ambiguity of the heroine's image, reflecting her complex emotional and ideological struggle. Metaphors help to reveal the heroine's personal and social conflicts, making the film image multi-layered and rich in content. The antithesis highlights Katniss' inner conflict between her personal aspirations and the society's imposed expectations.

You Will Recognize Her… About the Transformations of the Female Body in Cinema

The study of female corporality in cinema is relevant in the context of the analysis of contemporary ideas about the body as a cultural and ideological construct. In the con-text of mass visual culture, the female body is often depicted stereotypically, emphasizing either sexualized or vulnerable aspects, which limits the depth of perception of corporality and female identity. The purpose of the article is to identify how cinematic images of the female body serve as a means of conveying cultural and social meanings, as well as to expose the illusory nature of ideas about the female body often created by screen culture. The study applies methods of socio-philosophical, cultural and feminist analysis, as well as the theory of visual media. Particular attention is paid to the concept of the “male gaze” and the fragmentation of corporality, which are used to identify and deconstruct stereotypical images in cinema. One of the key results of the work was the conclusion that the female corporality on screen is often depicted as a visually attractive shell, devoid of deep meaning and authenticity. Cinema represents the body as an object of the viewer's gaze, reinforcing ideological stereotypes and turning the body itself into an instrument of manipulation. The absence of an authentic body leads to a loss of subjectivity, which creates a need for new approaches to visualizing corporeality that can bring the viewer closer to an authentic experience.

Dialectical Images: Two Films from Chile, ...A Valparaíso (Joris Ivens, 1963) and The Settlers (Felipe Gálvez Haberle, 2023)

In this talk I trace the concept of the dialectical image back to Kant’s Critique of Judgment and his project which, retrospectively can be understood, against the dominant (bourgeois) interpretation, as a cognitive-affective illumination against reified concepts of the social order. Later, Marx’s critique of commodity fetishism laid the basis of modern critical thought with his dialectical analysis of the relations between forms of appearance and beneath them undisclosed social relations that contradict those appearance forms. With the expansion of the culture industry in the late nineteenth and twentieth century, the image as reified, frozen, undialectical hieroglyph and as a means for provoking and stimulating dialectical responses fascinated thinkers such as Kracauer and Benjamin and practitioners such as Eisenstein and Brecht. In the second part of my talk, I want to sketch out how we can apply the concept of the dialectical image (which includes its relationship to sound) in film. I will take two Chilean films, ...A Valparaiso (Joris Ivens1962) and The Settlers (Felipe Gálvez Haberle 2023) as examples. I will focus more on the recent film, because it is narrative based, and I want to show how narrative and dialectical structures are not necessarily opposed.

Онтология иероглифа в философии кинообраза Сергея Эйзенштейна и Андрея Тарковского

In film theory, in the hermetically academic form to which it has come today, there is a quasi-conciliatory conventionality, according to which any film text finds its ‘legitimate’ place in the catalog of types, genres, movements, historical and cultural contexts. In the spirit of postmodernism, as described by Jean-François Lyotard, mass cinema is no longer the antithesis of cinema-as-art, but yet another ‘kind’ of cinema, etc. This allegedly allows one to think cinema as a totality, albeit diverse, but still united by a certain general principle. Using the example of Sergei Eisenstein’s and Andrei Tarkovsky’s approaches to constructing and understanding the film image, this article shows that it is possible to talk about different cinemas, phenomena which differ not just on the dramatic or aesthetic level, but rather on the ontological one. We use the theme of hieroglyph and the East, which the above-mentioned filmmakers have been addressing in their theoretical works, while understanding it in completely different ways, as a template by which their films are assessed. The differences that appear at the level of interpretation of the hieroglyph allow, in turn, to deduce fundamental differences inherent not only in those specific theorists and practitioners of cinema, but also to outline two essentially contradictory traditions of cinema, one of which, as it seems at the moment, has suppressed and supplanted the other.

“The most important of all arts”: Film images of the Soviet past in the Russian myth-making practice

“The most important of all arts”: Film images of the Soviet past in the Russian myth-making practice

GeTe/Sb2Te3 Super‐Lattices: Impact of Atomic Structure on the RESET Current of Phase‐Change Memory Devices

AbstractPhase change memories (PCMs) are at the heart of modern memory technology, offering multi‐level storage, fast read/write operations, and non‐volatility, bridging the gap between volatile DRAM and non‐volatile Flash. The reversible transition between amorphous and crystalline states of phase‐change materials such as GeTe or Ge2Sb2Te5 is at the basis of PCM devices. Despite their importance, PCM devices face challenges including high power consumption during the RESET operation. Current research efforts focus on improving device architecture and exploring alternative phase‐change materials such as GeTe/Sb2Te3 super‐lattices (SLs), for which a reduced programming power consumption is observed compared with standard PCMs. Herein, by combining X‐ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of SL thin films with the study of the same SL in PCM devices, it is shown that it is possible to significantly decrease RESET energy of the device, without modifying the SL composition, by reducing the amount of structural defects through annealing treatment. The best device properties are obtained after transforming the SL into a defect‐free, highly out‐of‐plane oriented rhombohedral phase. These results offer a promising avenue for further improving the performance of SL‐based PCM devices through structural optimization.