Image Zero-watermarking Research Articles

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on Blockchain and SDAE

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on Blockchain and SDAE

Fast fractional-order polar linear canonical transform: Theory and application

Zero-watermarking is a promising technology for image copyright protection due to its excellent imperceptibility and robustness. Compared with deep learning (DL)-based zero-watermarking schemes which are time-consuming and unable to respond in real-time, the moment-based zero-watermarking schemes do not have the aforementioned drawbacks and have drawn great attention with their strong description ability and geometric invariance. However, most existing moment-based zero-watermarking methods bear a number of drawbacks, in particular: (i) Direct computation of image moments is inefficient and inaccurate; (ii) They have difficulty obtaining the favorable trade-off between robustness and discriminability; (iii) Generating pseudo-random numbers based on traditional logistic map results in their lower security performance. To deal with those issues, this paper introduces a new image zero-watermarking method that relies on fast fractional-order polar linear canonical transform (FFrPLCT) features and asymmetric tent map. Firstly, we propose a novel computation strategy called fast polar linear Canonical transform (FPLCT), to save the calculation time of moments. Secondly, we define the fast fractional-order polar linear Canonical transform (FFrPLCT), which is characterized by the generic nature and time-frequency analysis capability. Thirdly, we present the FFrPLCT mixed low-order features by fully exploiting the time-frequency property of FFrPLCT, to improve both the robustness and discriminability of image representation. Finally, we develop a new image zero-watermarking method using FFrPLCT domain mixed low-order features and asymmetric tent map. Experimental results and comparison with well-known existing methods demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed image zero-watermarking scheme.

Modified Zernike Moments and Its Application in Geometrically Resilient Image Zero-Watermarking

Modified Zernike Moments and Its Application in Geometrically Resilient Image Zero-Watermarking

Robust image encryption and zero-watermarking scheme using SCA and modified logistic map

In this work, we first present a modified version of the traditional logistic chaotic map. The proposed version contains an additional parameter that is used to increase the security level of the proposed digital image copyright protection scheme. The latter merges two methods of image copyright protection, namely the image zero-watermarking and image encryption, which provides a high level of security when communicating images via the Internet. Next, we discuss the influence of geometric attacks on the efficiency of the proposed scheme, and then we introduce an efficient solution that can resist such attacks. The proposed solution involves the use of Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) with an appropriate algorithm suitable for the correction of geometric attacks (image translation, orientation and its combination) applied to the encrypted image. On the one hand, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a high level of security and can resist various attacks (differential, common image processing, geometric, etc.). On the other hand, the conducted comparison in terms of robustness against geometric attacks clearly demonstrates the superiority of our scheme over recent image encryption ones.

Novel quaternion polar complex exponential transform and its application in color image zero-watermarking

The robust watermarking method embeds the information in the image to protect the copyright. The embedding process will destroy the original image and cannot be effectively applied to the images used in the medicine and military with high integrity demand. A robust zero-watermarking algorithm for lossless copyright protection of color images without changing the original image was proposed in this paper. A novel quaternion polar complex exponential transform (NoQPCET) was firstly constructed with effectively improved performance; then the NoQPCET and chaotic system based robust color image zero-watermarking algorithm was suggested for lossless copyright protection of color images. In the proposed algorithm, the robustness against geometric attacks was enhanced due to the excellent geometric invariance of NoQPCET, and the security was also improved because of the initial value sensitivity of the chaotic system. Experimental results showed that this algorithm had very strong robustness against both geometric attacks and common image processing attacks, and was superior to other algorithms.

Remote Sensing Image Zero Watermarking Algorithm Based on DFT

This paper proposes a remote sensing image zero-watermark algorithm based on DFT, which can be used to protect the rights and interests of digital image copyright owners. First, the high frequency part after DCT transformation is binarized to obtain the characteristic image. Second, block DFT processing the host image. The high frequency part after DFT and the characteristic image are XORed to complete the watermark embedding. In order to test the performance of the watermark, an attack was carried out on the image embedded with the watermark. In order to extract the watermark from the attacked image, the high-frequency part of the data extracted from the attacked image is XORed again with the result of the first XOR. Compare the extracted watermark with the embedded watermark, and calculate its NC value. Most of the NC values are close to 1, indicating that the algorithm is robust. In addition, the PSNR values of the attacked image and the original image are also calculated. The experimental results show that the watermark obtained by the algorithm in this paper has strong invisibility and robustness.

Remote Sensing Image Zero-Watermark Algorithm Based on Bemd

In order to solve the problem of information security when acquiring and disseminating images and improve the performance of digital watermarking, this paper proposes a remote sensing image zero-watermarking algorithm based on Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD). Initially, to perform this algorithm the DCT transform is used to extract the characteristic image of the host image. In the next step, BEMD decomposition on the grayscaled image need to be performed. The number of watermarks embedding layers is determined according to the NC value of the original image without the i-th IMF layer and the original image. The information matrix of the watermark embedding layer is XORed with the characteristic image to obtain the image embedded with the watermark. The extraction of the watermark image is the XOR result of the first XOR and the attacked image. After the watermark is embedded, the image is processed with noise, enhanced processing attacks, etc., and the NC value of the extracted watermark and embedded watermark is mostly above 0.9. The experimental results show that the watermarking algorithm proposed in this paper has better anti-attack performance, stronger invisibility and robustness.

Combining polar harmonic transforms and 2D compound chaotic map for distinguishable and robust color image zero-watermarking algorithm

Although zero-watermarking can provide an effective and distortion-free scheme for image copyright protection, its robustness and discriminability do not meet expectations in existing methods. Some cannot resist effectively geometric attacks, others do not consider the discriminability and equalization. For that reason, this paper proposes a robust and distinguishable color image zero-watermarking algorithm based on polar harmonic transforms (PHTs) and compound chaotic map. In the proposed algorithm, firstly three PHTs moments of an image are computed simultaneously and accurate moments are selected for the robustness. Then, content-based binary feature sequence is acquired by judging the relation between magnitudes of adjacent moments for the discriminability. Finally, compound chaotic map is employed to encrypt copyright logo for ensuring security and scramble binary feature sequence for improving the equalization. Experimental results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm has good equalization and discriminability, and an advantage in robustness compared with other zero-watermarking and traditional watermarking.

一种基于改进奇异值和子块映射的图像零水印技术

一种基于改进奇异值和子块映射的图像零水印技术

基于SVM的多通道鲁棒图像零水印算法

基于SVM的多通道鲁棒图像零水印算法

Color image zero-watermarking based on fast quaternion generic polar complex exponential transform

As one promising solution, zero-watermarking techniques have been proposed to enhance the image visual quality and applied to protect the intellectual property rights of the medical images, remote sensing images and military images. Owing to their favorable image description capability and geometric invariance, moments and moment invariants have become a popular tool for the zero-watermarking. However, two issues of the moments-based zero-watermarking methods should be addressed: First, most of them ignore the analysis and experiment on discriminability, resulting in a high false positive ratio; Second, direct computation of the moments from their definition is inefficient, numerically unstable and inaccurate, which severely affects the performances of these moments-based methods. To overcome the two challenges, in this paper, we present a Fast Quaternion Generic Polar Complex Exponential Transform (FQGPCET) based color image zero-watermarking algorithm. We first propose a novel computation strategy, i.e. FGPCET, to solve the moments computing problems. We then show that it is possible to generate a robust and discriminative image feature, by mixing the low-order QGPCET moments/coefficients. And finally, we develop a new color image zero-watermarking approach using FQGPCET and asymmetric tent map. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm achieves a good trade-off between robustness and discriminability, and has certain superiority in terms of security, capacity and time complexity.

Robust and secure zero-watermarking algorithm for color images based on majority voting pattern and hyper-chaotic encryption

Robust zero-watermarking is an effective and distortion-free technique for copyright protection and has become a research hotspot in the field of digital watermarking. In the face of weak robustness and security of existing schemes, this paper presents a novel robust and secure color image zero-watermarking algorithm based on majority voting pattern and hyper-chaotic encryption. In the proposed algorithm, firstly an original color image is decomposed by one-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the corresponding low-frequency components of three channels are partitioned into blocks. Then, to resist strong attacks, we construct a distinguishable robust binary feature matrix extracted from all blocks and color components by using a combination of Frobenius norm in the singular value decomposition (SVD) domain and majority voting pattern. To promote security, a binary copyright logo is confused and diffused by hyper-chaotic Lorenz system. Finally, it performs a bitwise exclusive-or operation on the binary feature matrix and the encrypted copyrighted logo to obtain a zero-watermark signal. Experimental results indicate that in addition to the high-level security, the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm also has a stronger robustness against common geometric and non-geometric attacks, including rotation, scaling, filtering, JPEG compression and noise addition, compared with some existing typical zero-watermarking and traditional watermarking methods.

Ternary radial harmonic Fourier moments based robust stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm

With the development and popularization of computer network technology, the copyright protection of stereo images is a serious problem to be solved. Based on ternary number theory and radial harmonic Fourier moments (RHFM), ternary radial harmonic Fourier moments (TRHFM) is proposed to deal with stereo images in a holistic manner, and based on this moment, this paper proposes a robust stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm. We first compute the TRHFM of the original stereo image, and we randomly select TRHFMs using logistic mapping; then, we obtain a binary feature image using the magnitudes of the selected TRHFMs, and finally, we apply a bitwise exclusive-or operation on permuted logo image and binary feature image to obtain the zero-watermark image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm is strongly robust to various asymmetric and symmetric attacks and has superiority compared with other zero-watermarking algorithms.

Stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm based on ternary polar harmonic Fourier moments and chaotic mapping

In recent years, stereo images have attracted extensive attention because of their strong immersion, and the corresponding copyright protection of stereo images is becoming increasingly urgent. At present, most of the watermarking algorithms for image copyright protection are aimed at planar images, and there are few watermarking algorithms for stereo images. Moreover, most of the existing stereo image watermarking algorithms are not very good at reflecting and retaining the specific relationship between the left and right views of the stereo images, which will inevitably affect the robustness of the algorithm. In this paper, ternary polar harmonic Fourier moments (TPHFM) for stereo images is proposed and based on this and chaotic mapping, a robust stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm is presented. First, mixed linear-nonlinear coupled map lattice is used to make the original binary logo image chaotic. Next, the TPHFM of the original stereo image is computed and accurate moments for the zero-watermarking algorithm are selected. Then, the binary feature image is constructed using the accurate moments, and scrambled using Sine mapping and Cosine mapping. Finally, a zero-watermark image is generated using the exclusive-or on the scrambled binary feature image and the chaotic binary logo image. Experimental results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is excellently robust against common image processing attacks and geometric attacks, and is superior to ternary radial harmonic Fourier moments (TRHFM)-based algorithm and other zero-watermarking algorithms.

Geometrically resilient color image zero-watermarking algorithm based on quaternion Exponent moments

Although research on zero-watermarking has made great progress in recent years, most of it has been focused on grayscale images rather than color ones, and cannot resist geometric attacks efficiently. In this paper, we discuss properties of quaternion Exponent moments (QEMs) in detail and propose a robust color image zero-watermarking algorithm which is robust to geometric attacks. We first compute and select robust QEMs of the original color image, and then a binary feature image is constructed using the magnitude of the selected moments. Eventually, a bitwise exclusive-or is applied on the binary feature image and a scrambled binary logo to generate the zero-watermark image. Experimental results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is robust to both geometric attacks and common image processing attacks effectively. Compared to similar zero-watermarking algorithms and traditional watermarking algorithms based on QEMs, the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm has better performance.

An image zero-watermarking algorithm based on the encryption of visual map feature with watermark information

We propose a new image zero-watermarking scheme based on the encryption of visual map feature (VMF) and permuted visual map feature (PVMF) of the original image with watermark information. To resist strong attacks, we employ the robust feature extracted from the host image by using the combination of QR decomposition and 1D-DCT. Since the feature extracted from the host image presents the coarse part of the host image, we call it VMF. For enhancing the security of VMF, we apply the permutation method on VMF based on the Torus permutation to obtain PVMF. We construct a new method of image zero-watermarking by the encryption of VMF and PVMF with copyright data, and then generate the master share and the ownership share. The master share is generated by comparison of two consecutive DC coefficients after the QR decomposition is applied. The ownership share is generated by encryption of the master share with copyright data. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against common processing and geometric attacks with low consuming time.

두 채널 비교를 통한 DCT 영역 컬러 이미지 제로-워터마킹

두 채널 비교를 통한 DCT 영역 컬러 이미지 제로-워터마킹

An Image Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Using Block Compressive Sensing for Libraries, Museums and Archives

An Image Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Using Block Compressive Sensing for Libraries, Museums and Archives

Image zero-watermarking algorithm against geometric attacks based on Tchebichef moments

The existing watermarking algorithm based on image moments has the disadvantages of small capacity,large complexity and its robustness should be improved in further study.A new zero-watermarking against geometric attacks was proposed.Using the image normalization and the features of Tchebichef moments,the rotation normalized Tchebichef moments of original image was calculated in the unit circle,and the upper-left corner of Tchebichef moments was scanned into numerical matrix.Afterwards,binary secret key was generated according to numerical matrix and watermark image,and saved to zero-watermarking information database.In detection,the same process was executed to draw out numerical matrix from the unauthenticated image,and watermark image was extracted by using the secret key and numerical matrix.The experimental results show that this algorithm is robust against rotation attacks of random angles,scaling attacks and common signal processing operations,even combined attacks.

Study on the Digital Image Zero-Watermarking Technology

Recently more and more researches in the information security field have been focused on the digital image zero-watermarking technology which is an important mean for protecting the digital multimedia copyright. In this paper, first the research background of image zero-watermarking is analyzed; and then the typical algorithms are presented and discussed; finally the performance of these typical algorithms are analyzed and experimented.