Stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm based on ternary polar harmonic Fourier moments and chaotic mapping

Abstract

In recent years, stereo images have attracted extensive attention because of their strong immersion, and the corresponding copyright protection of stereo images is becoming increasingly urgent. At present, most of the watermarking algorithms for image copyright protection are aimed at planar images, and there are few watermarking algorithms for stereo images. Moreover, most of the existing stereo image watermarking algorithms are not very good at reflecting and retaining the specific relationship between the left and right views of the stereo images, which will inevitably affect the robustness of the algorithm. In this paper, ternary polar harmonic Fourier moments (TPHFM) for stereo images is proposed and based on this and chaotic mapping, a robust stereo image zero-watermarking algorithm is presented. First, mixed linear-nonlinear coupled map lattice is used to make the original binary logo image chaotic. Next, the TPHFM of the original stereo image is computed and accurate moments for the zero-watermarking algorithm are selected. Then, the binary feature image is constructed using the accurate moments, and scrambled using Sine mapping and Cosine mapping. Finally, a zero-watermark image is generated using the exclusive-or on the scrambled binary feature image and the chaotic binary logo image. Experimental results show that the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is excellently robust against common image processing attacks and geometric attacks, and is superior to ternary radial harmonic Fourier moments (TRHFM)-based algorithm and other zero-watermarking algorithms.