Image Pickup Research Articles

High-speed three-dimensional image pickup system using an event camera and integral imaging

High-speed three-dimensional image pickup system using an event camera and integral imaging

Multimotor Drive Control Method of Upper-Retort-Robot Based on Machine Vision

In the cold season, wine aids in maintaining body temperature and is advised for military officers. This paper proposes a study on the multimotor drive control method of the upper-retort-robot based on machine vision for wine brewing automation to meet the demand of military areas located in cold regions, as wine is recommended to keep soldiers’ body temperatures normal in China’s extremely cold regions. Based on machine vision, the target is converted into an image signal by an image pickup device and is sent to the image processing system. Pixel distribution, brightness, color, and other data are transformed to digital signals, and target attributes are retrieved to control the field equipment’s operations. The Monte-Carlo approach is used to generate joint variables at random within each joint’s fluctuation range. The positive aspects of kinematics model are utilized and the working space of the upper-retort-robot is calculated using multimotor drive control method. The multimotor drive compensates the harmonic ripple torque and establishes the fault-tolerant automatic control of the system to maintain quality of the liquor. The results of the experiments reveal that the robot arm can reach any place within the barrel’s set range. To control the quality of the liquor, the robot will function in an automatic manner. The robot’s transmission performance is capable of meeting the requirements for automated liquor quality control during the production of wine from grapes. The results show that the suggested multimotor drive control (MMDCM) approach is robust and viable in terms of robot transmission performance and dexterity.

High-Temperature Operation Method for Image Pickup Tube

This paper proposes a new operation method for an image pickup tube under high-temperature conditions. The landing energy of an electron beam is set at a value for the secondary electron yield above 1.0. The mesh electrode, which is located in front of the image plate, can act as a potential barrier and control the surface potential of the image plate in the balanced state, where secondary electron yield is 1.0. The polarity of signal charges can be also selected with the proposed method. These effects can suppress image degradation caused at high temperatures. We successfully demonstrated imaging operation around 100 °C.

How Was the World's First Single-Tube Color Video Camera for Home Use, Born?

It was Toshiba IK-12 who overcame such a common sense that the shooting of a TV camera was a job of expert engineers. TV cameras using image pickup tubes were already put into practical use in the 1970s. It had many functions to adjust the size, light intensity, color tone, etc., and it could only be operated by an experienced professional engineers. Under such circumstances, the world's first home-use color video camera IK12 released in 1974 was the small and light weight. It included various innovations. The number of adjustment points has been reduced as much as possible so that anyone can use it, and a compact and lightweight design has been devised so that even women can use it. The IK12 opened up a new market for home video cameras and created an era where everyone could shoot. The basic technologies and ideas of digital cameras and mobile phones were built at this time. How was the groundbreaking single-tube color video camera for home born? I would like to verify these from a technical point of view. I think these will often be helpful for young researchers and engineers who will lead the next generation.

Development of a small-diameter and high-resolution industrial endoscope with CMOS image sensor

In the industrial field, an endoscope is typically employed for the observation and inspection of internal defect and corrosion of an engine and chemical plant. Current industrial optical endoscopes normally use CMOS sensor which offers best performance as an image pickup device. Here we report experimental demonstration of an industrial endoscope modality consisting of a 5 mm diameter rigid tube and 1280 × 960 pixels CMOS camera, which enables accurate diagnosis of small-scale industrial components with hollow shape. As a proof of concept, we successfully perform arc-surface imaging at a resolution of 57 lp/mm and ± 30° field of view. Finally, potentially applying the wave-front coding method to extend the depth of field of endoscopic system is comprehensively discussed.

4-1 超高精細カラー撮像実験装置の検討

4-1 超高精細カラー撮像実験装置の検討

金乌贼繁殖行为与交配策略

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 金乌贼繁殖行为与交配策略 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201510232145 作者: 作者单位: 中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目（201405010，201305043） Reproductive behavior and mating strategy of Sepia esculenta Author: Affiliation: ocean university of china,ocean university of china,ocean university of china,ocean university of china,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2014年6月于室内大型水槽使用摄像系统对金乌贼繁殖过程进行连续观察与记录，通过定性和定量比较分析，解析其繁殖过程中游泳、捕食、求偶、争斗、交配及产卵等行为特征。结果显示：金乌贼游泳主要依靠漏斗喷水的反作用力，持续游泳能力较弱；繁殖期的金乌贼继续摄食，能发现周围20-38 cm范围内的凡纳滨对虾，攻击距离为7-24 cm，能在2.1-6.1 s内完成对对虾的捕获且成功率极高，外源营养为卵（精）巢不同步发育、分批产卵和复杂的繁殖行为继续提供能量支持；金乌贼具明显的求偶行为，规格差异是影响求偶的重要因素，其中雄性亲本更倾向选择与自身规格相当或略小的雌性，而雌性亲本则更倾向于选择大规格（较大规格争斗易获胜）的雄性；金乌贼一次交配持续125-398 s，雄性有明显的精子移除行为和领域性，交配后雄性伴游在雌性周围3-24 cm范围内，不允许其他乌贼靠近，平均伴游61 min后会再次交配。精子移除、伴游以及多次交配是雄性金乌贼有效提高父权贡献率的关键行为基础；研究结果表明，金乌贼采取"多夫多妻"的混交婚配策略，两性亲本均存在多次交配现象，这能有效提高雌雄的生殖成功率和受精卵的遗传多样性。 Abstract:Sepia esculenta Hoyle is widely distributed in Chinese coastal waters, and the taste and the highly value of nutrients make it one of the most important economical species in China. This organism can grow up to 200 mm in mantle length during its short lifespan of 1 year or less. Mature S. esculenta individuals migrate to inshore areas to mate and spawn during the breeding period, which is from June to July in Xuejiadao, Qingdao in China. The reproductive behavior and mating strategy, which include mate selection and sperm competition, determine the quality (e.g. dorsal mantle length or body weight of newly hatched larvae) and quantity of offspring, and play an important role in generating genetic diversity. Here, sexually mature S. esculenta were captured using a basket trap off the coast of Xuejiadao, Qingdao, China, between May and June of 2014. The reproductive behaviors of S. esculenta, including swimming, predation, courtship, battle, mating, and egg-laying were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative comparisons after observation in an indoor pool with an image pickup system. The results revealed that the swimming power of S. esculenta was mainly linked to the funnel and could not be sustained for long periods of time. S. esculenta continued to feed on Litopenaeus vannamei ((10.4±0.6) cm in total length) within a distance ranging from 20 to 38 cm and could rapidly catch prey (in 2.1-6.1 s), illustrating that it utilized the energy from feeding for the non-synchronous ovarian (testicular) development, batch spawning, and complex reproductive behaviors. Before mating, S. esculenta demonstrated obvious courtship behavior. The males tended to choose females of similar or slightly smaller sizes, whereas the females tended to choose larger males. The males competed for females and the winner had an opportunity to mate with female. The male would begin by lightly touching the cheek of the female, and also maintained a head-to-head position during the mating. Before ejaculation, the males moved arm III to remove the sperm masses attached to the residual buccal membranes from previous matings. After sperm removal, the male held spermatophores ejected through its funnel with the base of hectocotylized left arm IV and then pressed the coiled arm on the ventral portion of the female's buccal membrane. A successful mating lasted a relatively long time (125-398 s), but the mating process could easily be interrupted by interference from other individuals nearby, especially other males. The male continued to guard the spawning female (staying 3-24 cm from the female), and repeated matings occurred at an average interval of 61 min during the mate guarding process. Fertilized female S. esculenta individuals began to lay eggs approximately 4.5 min after mating. The eggs were relatively large (long axis diameter: 16.4-20.0 mm; short axis diameter: 10.5-12.6 mm). Although males involved in guarding females delayed their search for other mates, they may have reduced the probability that the female would remate with other males. Sperm removal, guarding, and repeated mating could effectively improve the male success rate. The mating strategy of S. esculenta was promiscuity, and repeated instance of mating, in both males and females, could effectively improve the reproductive success rate and level of genetic diversity. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Media Stereotypes Analysis in the Classroom at the Student Audience

Media Stereotypes Analysis is the identification and analysis of stereotypical images of people, ideas, events, stories, themes and etc. in media texts. Media stereotype reflects the well established attitudes towards a particular object. It is schematic averaged, familiar, stable representation of genres, social processes/events, ideas, people, dominate in the media texts, designed for a mass audience. The plot and genre structure in media texts has specific stereotypes: fable situations of a media text action (scene, historical period, etc.) characters, their values, ideas, language, facial expressions, gestures, clothing, image pickup, etc.

English

Media Stereotypes Analysis is the identification and analysis of stereotypical images of people, ideas, events, stories, themes and etc. in media texts. Media stereotype reflects the wellestablished attitudes towards a particular object, it is schematic averaged, familiar, stable representation of genres, social processes / events, ideas, people, dominate in the media texts, designed for a mass audience. The plot and genre structure in media texts has specific stereotypes: fable situations of a media text action (scene, historical period, etc.) characters, their values, ideas, language, facial expressions, gestures, clothing, image pickup, etc.

Photoelectric conversion characteristics of c-Se-based thin-film photodiodes in imaging device

Herein, we report the use of high-efficiency crystalline-selenium-based (c-Se-based) thin-film heterojunction photodiodes in imaging devices. As a novel experiment, we use an image pickup tube with a photoelectric conversion layer consisting of n-gallium oxide (Ga2O3)/p-c-Se heterojunction photodiodes to obtain high-resolution images at a relatively low applied voltage. We reduce the thickness of the Ga2O3 layer to expand the depletion layer into the c-Se layer at a lower applied voltage. In addition, Sn-doping of the Ga2O3 layer effectively increases the carrier concentration, thereby allowing the photodiode to operate at lower voltage.

RESTING STATE-FMRI STUDY ON ELDERLY PEOPLE INGESTING FUNCTIONAL DIPEPTIDE FROM CHICKEN: FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

RESTING STATE-FMRI STUDY ON ELDERLY PEOPLE INGESTING FUNCTIONAL DIPEPTIDE FROM CHICKEN: FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

(Invited) Ballistic Hot Electron Effects in Nanosilicon Dots and Their Photonic Applications

The efficient generation of ballistic hot electrons in nanosilicon dots under an electric field is based on the intrinsic carrier transport therein. Due to suppressed phonon scattering losses followed by enhanced tunneling rate, electrons become hot at the early stage of injection [1]. Generated ballistic hot electrons can be utilized either inside or outside the nanosilicon dot layer. The topics on this effect are discussed here toward possible photonic applications. The nanosilicon device is a kind of MIS diode consisting of a thin film surface electrode, a nanosilicon layer (~1 μm thick), a crystalline silicon wafer substrate, and a back contact. The nanosilicon layer includes parallel chains of quantum-sized nanosilicon dots (~3 nm in mean diameter) interconnected with tunnel oxides. When a positive voltage is applied to the surface electrode, electrons injected from the substrate into the nanosilicon layer are drifted toward the outer surface, and then some of them reach the surface electrode as ballistic hot electrons.One possible application of this effect is the avalanche photoconduction by sequential impact ionization in nanosilicon dots. Actually, the photo-carriers multiplication effect was observed in thin oxidized nanosilicon diodes under the reverse bias condition [2]. For a monochromatic near-uv light incidence at low temperatures (e.g., 77 K), the photoconduction quantum efficiency was increased up to 2500% at an external electric field of 9×105 V/cm. The experimental data on the temperature, electric field, and sample thickness dependencies of the photocurrent suggest that the field-induced avalanche multiplication of photo-excited carriers occurs inside the nanosilicon dot layer. From theoretical analyses of carrier dynamics [3], it has been clarified that the impact ionization rate is significantly enhanced in nanosilicon dots compared with in bulk silicon owing to the efficient transition between quantized discrete energy states and the enhanced Coulomb interaction in nanosilicon dots. The threshold electron energy of impact ionization is decreased in realistic nanosilicon dots with disordered surface structures [4]. These facts provide useful information for the development of efficient photo-sensors and photovoltaic cells.Ballistic hot electrons generated in the nanosilicon layer uniformly ejects to outside by tunneling through the thin surface electrode [5]. The most characteristic feature of this emission phenomenon is the high kinetic energy of electrons and its controllability. At applied voltages of 15-20 V, for instance, the mean energy of output electrons varies from 5 to 7 eV. No conventional cold cathodes can emit such energetic electrons. Being a supplier of electrons with an extremely high physical and electrochemical activity, this emitter is available for the operation in every media: vacuum, atmospheric gases, and solutions.In vacuum, this device is applicable to the exposure source for parallel EB lithography [6]. By integrating the emitter array with active-matrix CMOS driver circuit and combining with focusing electron optics system, alternative advanced nanofabrication technology would be developed. Another promising application in vacuum is a probing source for an extremely high-sensitivity image pick-up.The usefulness of the nanosilicon ballistic emitter in atmospheric gases has been demonstrated in air and in Xe gases as a negative ion source and a vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light generator, respectively. The former relates to the dissociative hot electron attachment on O2 molecules. In the latter, the output electron energy match well with the internal excitation of Xe gas molecules followed by VUV emission without any impact ionizations.This emitter acts even in solutions as an active electrode which supplies highly reducing electrons. Based on the experimental confirmation of the usefulness in aqueous solutions for H2 generation and pH control, it has been demonstrated that the operation of the emitter in metal-salt solutions is available for depositing thin metal (Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, and so on) films without using any counter electrodes.In contrast to the exchange of thermalized electrons, the ballistic electro-reduction scheme is effective in SiCl4 and GeCl4 solutions. When driven in these solutions, thin Si and Ge films are deposited uniformly on the emitting surface [7]. As in the case in metal-salt solutions, injected energetic electrons can directly reduce Si4+ and Ge4+ ions at the interface leading to the nuclei formation and the subsequent film growth with neither contaminations nor byproducts. Because of a large electrochemical window, it is difficult to get uniform thin Si and Ge films by electroplating. The deposition rate in this unilateral electro-reduction process is comparable to that in the conventional dry process. The structural analyses indicate that the deposited thin Si and Ge films are of amorphous. Visible photoluminescence was observed in ultra-thin Si films. In addition, it is possible to deposit thin SiGe films by the operation in mixture (SiCl4+GeCl4) solutions. Since the ballistic electro-reduction is an alternative clean approach, this is attractive for the low-temperature fabrication of thin-film and multilayered photoelectronic devices.This work was partially supported by the JSPS through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research and the FIRST Program and by the NEDO through the R&D Project.

5-3 複数RGB-Dカメラを用いた広視域裸眼立体表示システムの開発(第5部門 立体映像技術)

5-3 複数RGB-Dカメラを用いた広視域裸眼立体表示システムの開発(第5部門 立体映像技術)

Effect of Small Amount of Water on CO2 Bubble Behavior in Ionic Liquid Systems

Adding a small amount of water to ionic liquids can greatly reduce the viscosities of ionic liquids, which is believed to be an effective and economical method to make ionic liquids being applied practically for carbon capture. However, how the water content influences the bubble behavior which is used to calculate transfer properties; this is important but has not been studied systematically. In this work, the rise and deformation of single CO2 bubbles in ionic liquids with different water contents were investigated using a high speed image pickup system. The results indicate that a small amount of water has a significant influence on the bubble behavior in ionic liquids. The viscosity plays a more important role in determining the bubble behavior than the surface tension. Two new empirical correlations verified by experimental data were proposed to predict bubble velocity and bubble diameter in different ionic liquid systems.

하이브리드 영상획득 장치를 이용한 초다시점 영상 디스플레이 시스템

People have been interested in the next generation media and service over 3D by development of 3D industry and generalization of 3D-related content and equipment in recent year. Many researchers predict that a strong candidate is digital hologram. Holographic technology is classified to capture(or generation), processing, and display(or reconstruction). This paper discusses the digital holographic display system using hybrid image pickup system and proposes a new structure of digital holographic display system. Through the proposed method a digital hologram can be scalably serviced according to display equipments with various resolutions, computing power of decoding part, and network bandwidth.

Camouflage Target Identification Based on Hyperspectral Imaging System

A novel system of implementing target identification with hyperspectral imaging system based on acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) was proposed. The system consists of lens, AOTF, AOTF driver, CCD and image collection installation. Owing to the high spatial and spectral resolution, the system can operate in the spectral range from visible light to near infrared band. An experiment of detecting and recognizing of two different kinds of camouflage armets from background was presented. When the characteristic spectral wave bands are 680nm and 750nm, the two camouflage armets exhibit different spectral characteristic. The target camouflage armets in the hyperspectral images are distinct from background and the contrast of armets and background is increased. The image fusion, target segmentation and pick-up of those images with especial spectral characteristics were realized by the Hyperspectral Imaging System. The 600nm, 680nm, and 750nm images were processed by the Pseudo color fusion algorithm, thus the camouflage armets are more easily observed by naked eyes. Experimental results confirm that AOTF hyperspectral imaging system can acquire image of high contrast, and has the ability of detecting and identification camouflage objects.

Research on the Treatment for Water Damage to Widened Subgrade of Collapsible Loess Based on Centrifuge

A centrifugal earth structure deformation test system has been developed to study the mechanism and pattern of subgrade damage as caused by water wetting to the widened roads in collapsible loess areas. It incorporates an upgraded electric sensor logging system and a centrifugal field image pickup system and provides a centrifuge model test platform for both the new road and the original road that are subject to water wetting and infiltration. A centrifuge test model on which actual stress distribution can be simulated was set up to study the forms of water damage to the widened subgrade. In the same time, special research was conducted with regard to the working mechanism of geogrid in the splice between the new road and the old, as well as the effect of dynamic compaction on loess foundation. It indicates that high water content in the toe of slope of a widened road could significantly influence the stability of subgrade. Local instability in loess foundation, as caused by the presence of high level of underground water especially after a heavy rain, could be a great threat to the integrity and safety of the subgrade on top of it. In this case the loess foundation, which is locally wetted and softened by water, would undergo a reduction in shearing strength and gradually lose its stability under the load of subgrade, that eventually results in the sliding or separation between the new subgrade and the old. The reinforced materials used in the splice can enhance soil hardening and help establish soil arching effect under which the settlement of subgrade is well controlled.

イメージセンシング技術とその応用 有機光導電膜とＺｎＯ ＴＦＴ回路の積層構造を用いた有機撮像デバイスの原理実証実験

In order to achieve compact Super Hi-Vision color camera without the color separation optical systems, we have been developing a new type of image sensor with three organic photoconductive films sensitive to red(R), green(G) and blue(B). In this paper, we fabricated a stacked organic image sensor with G and R sensitive organic photoconductive films, each of which had readout circuit of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film transistor (TFT). We successfully demonstrated an image pickup at TV flame rate. The sensor produced a color image with a resolution corresponding to the pixel number of ZnO TFT.

膝関節軟骨における脂肪抑制ｔｈｒｅｅ−ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｔ ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｙ ｓｔａｔｅ ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｍａｎｉｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｉｍａｇｅ ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ（３Ｄ−ＣＯＳＭＩＣ）シーケンスの基礎的検討

Fat-suppressed three-dimensional coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation of image contrast (3D-COSMIC) is a sequence that is based on fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (FIESTA) of balanced steady-state free precession (balanced SSFP). Since the data acquisition of steady-state transition is filled up with the center of k-space, improvement in the contrast of the cartilage, which is a low T₂/T₁ value domain, is expected. This time we report on the usability in applying the above sequence to cartilage imaging of the knee joint and comparing and examining this sequence with the sequence in the past from the viewpoints of the contrast and scan time. As a result, compared with fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo (3D-SPGR), the contrast of marrow and synovial fluid was equivalent to that of the cartilage, and imaging time was shorter than half of that with the cartilage. Compared with a fat-suppressed two-dimensional proton density weighted image (2D-PDWI), the contrast of the cartilage and synovial fluid was significantly improved, and spatial resolution was also excellent. As a short imaging time and a high resolution image pick-up are possible for fat-suppressed 3D-COSMIC, and it can describe minute damage of the cartilage since it depicts synovial fluid as high-level signals, I think this technique is useful.

Generalized Theoretical Modeling of Inter-Frame Prediction Error for High Frame-Rate Video Signal Considering Integral Phenomenon

Higher frame-rates are essential in achieving more realistic representations. Since increasing the frame-rate increases the total amount of information, efficient coding methods are required. However, the statistical properties of such data, needed for designing sufficiently powerful encoders, have not been clarified. Conventional studies on encoding high frame-rate sequences do not consider the effect on the encoding bit-rate of the motion blur generated by the shutter being open. When the open interval of the shutter in the image pickup apparatus increases, motion blur occurs, which is known as the integral phenomenon. The integral phenomenon changes the statistical properties of the video signal. This paper derives, for high frame-rate video, a mathematical model that quantifies the relationship between frame-rate and bit-rate; it incorporates the effect of the low-pass filtering induced by the open shutter. A coding experiment confirms the validity of the mathematical model.