Image Of Romania Research Articles

Multilingvismul și periferia: o analiză a romanului basarabean post-sovietic

This article aims to explore how multilingualism is explored in Bessarabian literature and the way in which these phenomena can create cultural and identity crisis in the collective imaginary of The Republic of Moldova. Thus, it can be observed that in the Soviet period, but also after the fall of the empire, speakers of “Moldavian” language, afterwards named Romanian, are treated as inferior to Russian speakers, Moldavians becoming a periphery. Approaching multilingualism the way it is presented in Multilingual Literature as World Literature edited by Jane Hiddleston and Wen-chin Ouyang, a second objective of this paper is to investigate the identity crisis of the teenagers of Perestroika and the fall of the URSS, but also of the young adults that were brought up in the unsteady world that followed after these events. In doing so, the way in which the Bessarabian people were peripheral. According to the fact that this type of literature is insufficiently discussed, there will be analyzed three such novels, in order to offer a wider image of Chisinau between the 80’s and the 2000 and its transition: Grădina de sticlă (The Glass Garden) by Tatiana Țîbuleac, Sălbaticii copii dingo (The Savage Dingo Kids) by Vasile Ernu and Perestroika boys by Dinu Guțu. The other aspect that will be explored is the image of Romania and its literature in the Soviet Bessarabia, two neighbour countries that did not have an intercultural dialogue until 1991.

On the Influence of Internal Factors on Romania’s Foreign Policy and Image

The article describes the internal processes in Romania after the collapse of the communist regime. The author attempts to determine the connection between the domestic and foreign policy of the country. This issue deserves attention since Romania's National Defence Strategy 2020–2024 prioritises the strengthening of the country's resilience and at the same time increasing international political weight. Having taken this into consideration, the author evaluates the domestic policy factors which have influenced the image of Romania in the international arena.

Translation and Image Manipulation in Travel Writing

My studies on the images of Romania in English travel writing have led me to the conclusion that, especially in periods of important historical evolutions (such as the current tendency towards globalization and enhanced cultural exchange), people become growingly interested in the way they are regarded by members of countries and cultures that they consider referential (mainly the major Western democracies). This has resulted, paradoxically for some, in the translation of travel books dealing with less known countries into the language of those countries, with the purpose of showing the readers how they had been regarded by foreign authors and, consequently, presented to the initial (foreign) readership. While the authors of source texts may have their own political agenda, translation policies also differ and the strategies vary from domestication to foreignization, a fact which can be problematic in terms of ethics. In some cases, the ethnic images provided in the source text can be slightly manipulated in the target text, so as to meet the readers’ expectations, as will be shown in the following case study on Sacheverell Sitwell’s Roumanian Journey (1938) and its Romanian translation (2011).

Romania’s Policy towards the Republic of Moldova at the present Stage

This article is devoted to the Romania’s policy towards Moldova which began to take shape soon after the dissolution of the Soviet Union of the USSR. The Moldovan vector of the Romanian foreign policy is based on the geopolitical “Great Romania” project, which implies the expansion of the borders of Romania, by uniting with neighboring Moldova. The article analyzes the main directions and features of the implementation of Romania’s foreign policy towards Moldova. The basic agreements concluded between countries are analyzed.The main factors influencing the formation and implementation of Romanian foreign policy are identified. The role of the influence of the external factor on the Romania’s policy towards Moldova is investigated. Romania’s participation in the EU and NATO has a significant impact on the Romanian vector of foreign policy towards Moldova. The distribution of power was investigated both in the country and in neighboring Moldova. The positions of the political elites of Romania and Moldova are analyzed.The characteristic features of the cultural identity of the peoples of both countries are investigated. An important direction in the policy of Romania in Moldova is the cultural and educational component. Its main goal is to expand the influence of Romania through the education of pro-Romanian-minded youth in Moldova, as well as through the formation of a positive image of Romania among various segments of the population, that supports its policies.

Prerequisites and Establishment of the Relations between Romania and the European Communities (1960-1970s)

The author investigates the preconditions and establishment of the relations between Romania and the European Communities throughout the 60’s and 70’s of the twentieth century. It is argued that despite Romania’s becoming a totalitarian political system, the policy of distancing from the USSR contributed to the formation of a positive image of Romania in the EEC countries and the intensification of relations between the SRR and the countries of the Community. As a result, Romania became the first member of the GATT among the Eastern European states and has access to the financial resources of the IMF and IBRD and has been included in the Community General System of Preferences.
 Keywords: Romania, European Community, European integration

Branding post-communist Romania and its effects on country image

AbstractIn recent years, more precisely from 1989 on, which was considered by a lot of experts the beginning of the second stage of globalization, nation branding campaigns have started to be launched in more and more countries in order to help developing nations image and reputation and to provide a competitive edge on economic, social and even political areas. Simon Anholt and Wally Olins are the two authors who studied the most nation branding phenomenon and came up with theories which were applied often by professionals when elaborating nation branding campaigns for different states. Nadia Kaneva, Keith Dinnie, Melissa Aronczyk, Luminita Nicolescu and Alina Dolea have also focused their researches on this theme and manage to contribute with new and interesting ideas to the field. This paper provides insight into the most important nation branding campaigns made by Romania starting from 1989 until present. Through a comparative analysis of those campaigns the paper tries to identify which was their impact on Romania’s image or reputation. How was Romania perceived (from the image perspective) before 1989 at international level? Did the image change after 1989? And what was the impact of the most important branding nation campaigns implemented after 1989 in the image of Romania and implicit in economy? These are the main questions this paper tries to answer. At the same time, the study also explores briefly the concept of globalization, nation branding, national image and national reputation. The conclusions of the paper will provide in the end a general background of all studied nation branding campaigns which will include the similarities and differences between them, but also both strong and weak points. Its aim is to contribute, among other existing papers, as a starting point for researchers or professionals who want to elaborate nation branding strategies for Romania or other countries.

From Woods and Water to the Gran Bazaar: Images of Romania in English Travelogues after WWI

Abstract Although globalization brings different countries and cultures in closer and closer contact, people are still sensitive when it comes to aspects such as cultural specificity or ethnicity. The collapse of communism and the extension of the European Union have determined an increase of interest in Romania’s image, both on the part of foreigners and of Romanians themselves. The purpose of this paper is to follow the development of Romania’s image in English travelogues in the last hundred years, its evolution from a land of “woods and water” in the pre-communist era to a “grand bazaar” in the post-communist one, with clear attempts, in recent years, to re-discover a more idyllic picture of the country, one that should encourage ecological tourism. The article is also intended to illustrate the extra-textual (historical, economic, cultural) factors that have impacted, in different ways, on this image evolution.

A Southeastern “other” with diverse challenges. Romania in Finnish schoolbooks

The purpose of this study is to analyze what sorts of image Finnish schoolbooks have provided of Romania and why this image has been a certain kind. The analysis focuses on the key features of this image and the most pertinent factors that could explain it. It is apparent that the basic nature of this image has largely remained the same from generation to generation. The time period of the study begins with the birth of the modern Finnish school system to the modern day, or from the 1860s to the 2000s. Representations of foreign countries and other cultures in Finnish schoolbooks have been studied to some extent, but the image of Romania as part of this subject matter has so far been unexplored. The content of Finnish schoolbooks reflects the view of Romania of those who created them, as well as their attitude towards the outside world and diversity. Although there are many permanent elements in these images, there are also changes in emphasis and tone. Based on the changes found in this analysis, development can be divided into four successive stages. The first period includes the last decades of the 1800s until approximately the end of the First World War. The second period extends from the early years of the 1920s to the 1950s. The third period extends from the 1960s to the 1980s and the fourth includes the last two decades.

Images of Romania and America in early twentieth-century Romanian-Jewish immigrant life stories in the United States

This paper focuses on ethnic life stories written by early twentieth-century Romanian-Jewish immigrants to the US, and attempts to determine to what extent these narratives correspond to the generalised pattern of ethnic life writing at the time, as well as what particularises their texts. I analyse the memoirs of M.E. Ravage, Konrad Bercovici, Maurice Samuel and Edward G. Robinson, all of them born at the close of the nineteenth century but publishing their memoirs at different moments in history. I first trace the images of Romania that spring from these texts, ranging from the legal and educational discrimination portrayed by M.E. Ravage and Edward G. Robinson, to the existence of pogroms and other anti-Jewish feelings foregrounded by Konrad Bercovici, and to the nostalgic shtetl atmosphere evoked in Maurice Samuel's books. I then consider the place of the US in these authors' writings, starting from its utopian image prior to emigration to its more complex image after settlement in the new location. Finally, I show how their return journeys to Romania at different moments in time and the persisting prejudiced atmosphere they found there contributed in all cases to these authors becoming strong supporters of American democracy and its openness to critical debate.

Views on Sustainable Tourism in Romania, Through Competitiveness and Sustainability

Currently, an essential element that distinguishes one country against another in terms of economic is the competitiveness, both at the firm or sector level, at city, region or nation. One of the factors that ensure the competitiveness is the sustainable development, development that meets the needs of present generations, without prejudicing the interests of the future generations. For this purpose acts the sustainable tourism. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of these three elements - competitiveness, sustainable development and sustainable tourism - in the context of improving the image of Romania's tourist destination.

Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges to Communist Rule by Kevin McDermott , Matthew Stibbe (review)

REVIEWS 163 already generated in thisfield.Overall, though, Ilic has produced an interest ingvolume based on important and original research, with a welcome turn to regional history.The collection re-opens debate on significant topics, remind ing us thatwe stillhave a longway to go in our attempts to understand the scope and nature of Stalin's Terror. Department of History MiriamDobson University of Sheffield McDermott, Kevin and Stibbe, Matthew (eds). Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges toCommunist Rule. Berg, Oxford and New York, 2006. xiv + 210 pp. Notes. Index. ?19.99: $29.95 (paperback). Revolution and Resistance inEastern Europe is a new collection which seeks to give a succinct reassessment of the crises of Communist rule and its final demise in the light of new archival research and post-Communist historio graphy. The collection divides into three sections: 1) the early crises in the Communist regimes of the late 1940s and early 1950s, covered in chapters on the Soviet-Yugoslav split;working class protest in theGDR in 1953 and the events of 1956 in Poland and Hungary; 2) the contrasting experiences of Communist regimes to the 1970s and 1980s,which comprises case studies of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Poland and 3), assessments of the 'revolutions of "89"', inCzechoslovakia, theGDR, Hungary and Poland. In some cases, as with Dennis Deletant's discussion of Ceau?escu's Romania or Kieran Williams's analysis of Czechoslovak 'normalization', contributions distil exten sive research already published elsewhere. In other instances, contributions by younger scholars engage with more specific issues for the first time. James Krapfl, for example, analyses shiftingnarratives of revolution during Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution in terms of archetypical literary genres. RevolutionandResistance inEastern Europe succeeds admirably in itsprincipal objective of offering an accessible, up-to-date research-based overview of the decline and fall of key East European Communist regimes. In general, the contributions add subtlety and complexity to our understanding of the period rather than challenging dominant interpretations head-on. Deletant, for example, notes that despite the image of Romania as a passive, compliant and atomized society, contrasting with the rebellious nations of Central Europe, pockets of armed resistance did exist and there were recurrent outbreaks of industrial and popular protest. However, although courageous individual dissidents did speak out against the regime and therewas a small element ofHungarian language samizdat, the broader truth thatRomania lacked a politically minded intellectual opposition capable of thinking through the Communist experience is confirmed. Similarly,Williams points out that the fragmented evidence we have of Czechoslovak public attitudes under Communism suggests considerable interest in politics, despite massive disengagement from the politics of the regime and outward social passivity. The collection's only real weakness is arguably what itcould, but does not, address. First, the book's focus on regime crises and socio-political flashpoints 164 SEER, 87, I, JANUARY 2OO9 is a somewhat conservative one. Almost two decades after the collapse of Communism, it seems surprising that the freeing up of research conditions should not have resulted in greater consideration of theday-to-day functioning of regime and society during 'normal' times.Of the pieces in the collection only Williams's critical consideration of 'normalization' touches on such themes. Second, beyond the familiar pairing of Hungary and Poland in Johanna Granville's chapter on 1956 and Nigel Swain's discussion of their 'negotiated revolutions' in 1989, there is little effective comparison. The editors' introduction offers a fairly standard four-fold typology of forms of resistance to Communist rule: armed struggle, popular protest, intellectual dissent and within-system effortsat reform. But their argument that, beyond this, national diversity precludes further effortsat generalization is not fully convincing. Some phenomena highlighted, such as, for example, the role of working class protest in puncturing regime stability in cases as diverse as the GDR, Romania and Poland, clearly invite comparative discussion. Similarly, Tony Kemp-Welch's conclusion ? a solid but somewhat out-of-place reflection on the relative importance of Soviet and Western policy towards Communist Eastern Europe ? also misses the opportunity for a more searching cross-national perspective. Finally, as the foreword by former Czech ambassador to the UK (and historian) Pavel Seifter notes, inmuch of contemporary Central and Eastern Europe memories...

Images of Romania as a potential holiday destination

Based on a randomly selected sample of respondents from four different urban areas in Western Europe: Munich (Germany), Oporto (Portugal), Leon (Spain) and Bournemouth (UK), this paper adds to knowledge on destination image in two ways. First, it provides international comparisons of the same destination within Europe: Romania. Second, it focuses on rural areas as a potential destination. The main message coming out of the results presented is that Romania has much to do in terms of developing and presenting an attractive image to potential visitors from the rest of Europe.

Images of Romania.

Thousands of nurses contributed to this book: all those who gave time and money to the Nursing Standard Caring for Romania Appeal and the Romanian Angel Appeal.

Images of Romania

Thousands of nurses contributed to this book: all those who gave time and money to the Nursing Standard Caring for Romania Appeal and the Romanian Angel Appeal.

Images of Romania

Images of Romania

Images of Romania

Images of Romania

Images of Romania

Images of Romania

Romania - healing touches

A special look back at the effect of skilled nurses' intervention at Spitalul Plataresti through the Nursing Standard/RCN 'Caring for Romania Appeal'. These pictures by John Behets will soon be included in a special charity book, Images of Romania, the proceeds from which will further fund the work, now going on under the auspices of the Romanian Angel Appeal.