Metaphorical Images Research Articles

Metaphorical Image in Zayan bin Abi Bakr's Poetry- A Rhetorical and Analytical Research

المستخلص:
 هذه المقالة عبارة عن محاولة من الباحث تهدف إلى تسليط الضوء على ما في ديوان "إرواء العطشان" للشاعر زيان بن أبي بكر الكشناوي من الصور الكنائية؛ بغية الوقوف على جَمال قصائد الشاعر وقيمتها البلاغية، وإبراز ما تحمله من التصوير الرائع الراقي، إذ فيها ألوان من الصور الكنائية الثلاث، وهي: الكناية عن الصفة، وعن الموصوف، ثم عن النسبة. وتهدف كذلك إلى إظهار ما قام به بعض الشبان في نيجيريا من مسايرة ركب البلاغة. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي لإنجاز هذا العمل، وبنى موضوع المقالة على النقاط التالية: نبذة عن الشاعر وأعماله الأدبية، ثم قامت المقالة بعرض نماذج من الصور الكنائية، بعد تمهيد بسيط عن مفهوم الكناية عند اللغويين والبلاغيين؛ وظهر من خلال ذلك أن الشاعر كان يستمد صوره من عصره وبيئته، ثم توصلت المقالة إلى نتائج، منها: أن الشاعر قد استوظف الصور الكنائية الثلاث في ديوانه، وأنه مراع أيما مراعاة بالصياغة الفنية الرائعة، والأساليب البيانية الشيقة على وجه العموم، والكنائية البديعة على وجه الخصوص، كما يبدو من توظيفه لتلك الصور الكنائية، لوصف مشاعره

View of the select divine imagery in psalms

The concept of God by the Hebrew mind is not projected in pompous psychological, philosophical, and theological complex terms. It was not a great deal of the learned mind but empirical knowledge of shepherds, warriors, battles, temple services, etc. characterized the world of imagery full of freshness and significance. The imagery in the book of Psalms is based upon conceptual relationships and divine principles which are integrated appropriately from the traditional and conceptual metaphorical analysis. Among the varied divine images, the image of God as a Refuge is a predominant one that makes room for many other protective images. It signifies the existing relationship between Yahweh and Israel, Christ and the Church. The imagery asserts a spiritual need of man to be in the right relationship and intimate prayer fellowship with God to defend oneself from the destructive powers of the enemy. Metaphorical images underline the allegorical interpretation as well as typological relations. The paper deals with some of the select divine images and their significance contextually.

‘A picture of hell on earth’: Translating imagery in Hiroshima memoirs

ABSTRACT The trauma experienced by survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima manifests itself in various ways when they commit their stories to paper. Through practice-based research into translating the atomic narratives in Personal Accounts of the Atomic Bomb, this article explores how the translator can analyse the source language articulation of trauma to transmit the unfamiliar and unfathomable experience of the A-bomb. Drawing upon Deane-Cox’s concept of the translator as the secondary witness, this paper emphasises the centrality of metaphorical images invoked by trauma survivors and draws the translator’s focus to the cultural references embedded within. It also highlights the survivors’ use of sensory perceptions as a means of giving shape to their experiences, creating an illocutionary intensity that must be retained in translation. Exploring the translation of trauma narratives not only expands the breadth of research into trauma translation but also makes more widely available first-person accounts of the physical and emotional impact of the A-bomb in Hiroshima.

Subject-speech organisation of Vladimir Kornilov's short story “Cone Picker”

The article presents a philological analysis of the linguistic means that determine the originality of the subject-speech organisation of the story written by Vladimir Kornilov, Kostroma prose writer of the second half of the 20th century. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural-semantic and pragmatic properties ofthe language units that form the speech plans of the primary narrator and the main character acting as a storyteller. The article analyses the leading language techniques and means of colloquial speech stylization – dialogisation of a monologue word; the use of colloquial and dialect vocabulary, Russian proverbs; folk interpretations of the semantics of words. Kostroma dialect words are involved in the creation of the character's speech portrait and reflect regional cultural and linguistic features. The article examines the key metaphorical images created by the lexical and syntactic language units. It also studies the comparative figures of speech that reveal the dialectical unity of nature and human. Rhetorical questions and aphoristic phrases of the narrator serve as expressive characteristics of the events and actions of the characters. The author of the article elaborates on the fragments of the tale narration in which the main idea of the story and the author's point of view are expressed. The pragmatic potential of the language units is manifested in their active influence on the structural and content organisation offictional narration. The lexical dominants ‘deed’ and ‘concord’ unite the separate compositional parts of the story into a common narrative space and actualise the philosophical meaning of the short story. The interaction of the primary narrator’s speech and the storyteller’s speech forms a two-voiced narration, creating textual polyphony. As a result of the study of the linguistic features of Vladimir Kornilov's short story, the author of the article brings into focus a system of language means and stylisation techniques that determine the originality of the subjective organisation of the narrative, explicate the conceptual content of the text and ensure its structural and semantic unity.

Meteorological metaphors of “atmospheric electrical and sound phenomena” in the English and Kazakh languages

Relevance of research stems from the lack of knowledge of pecularities of the meteorological metaphor in the English and Kazakh languages as well as from the present-day trends of the linguistics development on the basis of the modern achievements of philological science and philological research approaches, general tendency of the modern scientific paradigm and its interest in language issues, culture and cognition. It’s common knowledge that metaphorization is one of the essential ways of understanding, comprehension and categorization of reality and its further representation in the language and in the minds of native speakers of a particular language. In the context of globalization striving to standardize and make cultures vanish, this objective solves an issue of preserving the national identity that is in full embodied in linguistic metaphors, metaphoricity of language – “historical memory, spirit of the nation”. In the research work we classify various metaphoric images being part of terms, figurative meanings, idioms, the so-called meteo-phraseological units or lexico-phraseological metaphoric units relating to the meteorological thematic group of words as a meteorological metaphor in a very broad sense. The following methods of research were used with a view to accomplishing the thesis objectives: structuralsemantic analysis, continuous sampling method, word definitions analysis method with the use of the component analysis elements, descriptive method and interpretation method, comparative method. Meteorological metaphor in two languages has phraseo-forming characteristics: meteorological metaphors in the form of prepositional structures prevail in the English corpora while meteorological metaphors in the Kazakh language have a word-forming nature. Verbal, substantival and adjectival metaphorical structures in the English and Kazakh languages showed both similar and different metaphorical values, which confirms the universal nature of perception of the meteorological phenomena having no equivalents or insufficiently meeting the English language requirements. Such meteorological phenomena have specific metaphorical values unified with positive, negative and neutral connotative contents. Key words: metaphor, meteorology, national identity, structure, semantics

Thomas Jefferson, Architect: Palladian Models, Democratic Principles, and the Conflict of Ideals

Thomas Jefferson, Architect: Palladian Models, Democratic Principles, and the Conflict of Ideals

Метафорические образы пространства в русских традиционных рекрутских обрядах Удмуртии: тематика «пути-дороги»

The study aims to describe the metaphorical imagery of verbal song texts of recruitment rites in the Russian traditional culture of Udmurtia. The paper characterised the most striking literary images, specific plots, motifs related to the “on the road” themes. Scientific novelty lies in providing a comprehensive description of metaphorical images of space, using the example of song texts of recruitment rites. As a result of the study, it has been shown that geographical names of landscapes, names of army service locations, metaphorical images associated with the display of water space, with crying, tears and blood become the symbols of a recruit’s alienation, removal from his native space.

Метафорический образ Германии в рекламном туристическом дискурсе

The aim of the research is to reveal the metaphorical image of Germany that is being formed in the German-language advertising tourist discourse. The scientific originality of the research lies in carrying out a linguo-cognitive analysis of the metaphor of the tourist discourse and identifying the metaphorical image of Germany in it. The results of the study have shown that in the texts of the advertising tourist discourse in Germany, two significant points are revealed: firstly, the texts provide specific information about a tourist object; secondly, there is an appeal to clients’ feelings. The study has also shown that the metaphorical image of Germany has clearly positive characteristics that are formed through conceptual metaphors.

Симболична слика дивљих животиња у Молитвама на језеру Светог Николаја Велимировића

In this paper are researched zoonyms in Prayers by the Lake by St. Nicholai Velimirovich, as a very appropriate text for stylistic and philological analysis. Most of the zoonyms have symbolic meaning in different cultures, but this analysis shows that the creative act of the author can contribute to the spreading of their symbolic network in a certain context. Methodological and analytical procedures are based on the fundamental stylistic elements with including of lexicological approach relating to lexical semantic and paradigmatic lexical relation (hyponymy), as a basic principle for the systematization of excerpted zoonyms. Every zoonym has a unique description which contains: а) lexical meaning of zoonym; b) traditional symbolic meaning; c) symbolic meaning in the context of prayers verses. In the Prayers by the Lake zoonyms have multiple functions: a) as a mediator between God and man, b) as a linguistic means of expressing the experience of the lyrical subject, but also of man’s relationship to God; c) as a metaphorical image of people, their inner state, the state of the soul; d) as a picture of interpersonal relationships and situations, which are presented through animal characters; e) as a mediator in the expression of moral, spiritual instruction. In them, the zoonymic symbolic sphere goes beyond the framework of the usual pragmatics based on life experience in direct or indirect contact with the animal world and enters the sphere of the spiritual, with the emphasis on certain Christian principles. Key words: St. Nicholai Velimirovich, Prayers by the Lake, names of wild animals, Serbian language.

Well-being in the Intensive Care Unit: Looking Beyond COVID-19.

Burnout among critical care personnel has increased due to the additional psychological and physical demands of caring for critically ill patients with limited resources. Factors that increase the risk of burnout include compassion fatigue, lack of control over the work environment, difficult interpersonal relationships, and constant exposure to end-of-life issues. Organizational commitment to physician wellbeing depends on improving workplace efficiency, recognizing stressors in the critical care environment, and providing resources to help manage staffing shortages. Community building, training in communication, and team-building strategies are important steps in building collaboration and camaraderie in the workplace.

Indian Hair-Wringing Apsaras and her Discriminating Goose

The present study investigates depictions of the Indian apsaras wringing water from her hair in monumental religious iconography. It demonstrates the migration of iconography and transformations of meaning from the northern sources to other areas of India and ultimately to parts of southeast Asia. I examine ancient literary and visual sources of the hair-wringing apsaras, mediator of the life-giving celestial waters, and the goose that drinks her hair-water in Buddhist, Hindu and Jain artistic contexts, demonstrating expressions of abstruse theological concepts. The salient virtue of the mythic hamsa (migrating goose) was its ability to separate milk from water (nira-ksira-viveka). This discrimination, already mentioned in Vedic and later sources, was appropriated as a metaphoric image in moral, didactic, theological and philosophical contexts. Connotations implicit in the myth of the potent water that passes through the apsaras’s hair are compared to those of the rejuvenating waters that flowed through Siva’s ascetic locks in the myth of Gangadhara.

Metaphor of a House/Home as the Way to Represent a National Symbol of Earth in Russian Linguistic Culture

Considering symbols of culture makes it possible to see the world around us as our ancestors did it. This world is recorded in persistent cognitive models anchored in native speakers’ language consciousness. One of these models is a stereotypical metaphorical image of «Earth – house/home». The house / home is a well-known mythologem that is fundamental in the cultures of almost all peoples living on Earth. According to the study, the mythologema Earth – house in Russian linguistic culture is a fragment in the structure of the macroconcept «Earth». The analysed mythologem is embodied in the language in the form of house metaphors implementing the subject code in Russian linguistic culture. Several clusters can be distinguished among them. The first cluster comprises metaphors forming cognitive signs of parts in the house (a «roof», «walls», «corners», a «ceiling», a «key»). The second one includes metaphors forming signs of domestic utensils (a «pot», a «table», a
 «blanket»). The third one is represented by tenants of the house (a «father», a «mother», a «person»). The fourth cluster includes cognitive signs of the house shape
 (a «circle» – a tent, a «square» – a symbol of the Russian five-walled house). The fifth cluster is characterized by the signs of Russian traditions (hospitality). The sixth one is formed by the signs of living at home-land and leaving it. The material for study is taken from the Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru). The main methods of research are descriptive and conceptual.

THE MEANING OF SILENCE IN THE WORK OF HERTA MÜLLER

Herta Müller writes about suffering caused by social oppression, often depicting the dictatorial regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu. Her literary works are marked by her first-person narrative perspective and a principled confrontation with totalitarianism and illiberalism. She is deeply interested in language and regularly uses metaphors to illuminate its functioning in the conditions of suffering and subjugation. This paper will focus on metaphors for silence and categorise them into those sensory modalities and concrete phenomena (vision, touch, smell, eating, speaking, somatic experience, force, space, motion, container, physical objects, manipulation, destruction, life, and death) that serve as source domains. Despite its limitations, this categorisation will help understand the motivation behind the associations between the target domain of silence and its vehicles. Müller highlights the figurative nature of the relationship between silence and more concrete concepts, establishing connections between it and those ideas that commonly relate to bodily experience. This paper will reveal that silence does not exist as a well-defined concept and acquires new meanings depending on the context and the metaphorical images that are used to explain it. Drawing on conceptual metaphor theory within the framework of cognitive literary studies, the author suggests that the meaning of silence is not random and relies on conceptual and linguistic conventions; Müller estranges these conventions, and thus foregrounds the figurative yet motivated meaning of silence.

METAPHORICAL REPRESENTATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN ENGLISH MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE

The article describes the metaphorical representation of the image of Ukraine in the mass media discourse. A conceptual metaphor is the main form of expression of the metaphorical embodiment of the image of Ukraine in the English-language media. Particular attention is paid to the definition of conceptual metaphor and its classification. The essence of conceptual metaphors is to represent complex and abstract areas of human experience through simpler and more specific ones. According to G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, conceptual metaphors are divided into traditional and image metaphors. Traditional metaphors, in turn, are divided into ontological, orientational and structural ones. Traditional metaphors are commonly used in everyday language and culture, and are perceived as common ways of conceptualizing reality. Image metaphors reproduce an individual worldview of a subject of discourse and are context-dependent. Conceptual metaphor is a means of creating and presenting the assessment of the image of Ukraine in foreign English-language newspaper articles based on its similarity to things in the real world. The analysis of metaphorical statements taken from the articles of modern English-language online mass media, namely The Atlantic, The Boston Globe, London Free Press, The L.A. Times, MSN UK, The Washington Post, Tribune Online, The Bangor Daily News, StarTribune, New York Post, The Daily Item, Wales Online, The New York Times, Fox News for February−March 2022, showed that the image of Ukraine is presented in the English-language media discourse through the following metaphors: UKRAINE IS A LIVING CREATURE/ORGANISM, UKRAINE IS AN EXPLORER, UKRAINE IS AN INSPIRER, UKRAINE IS A VICTIM, UKRAINE IS A WARRIOR, UKRAINE IS A HUNTER, UKRAINE IS A COMPETITOR, UKRAINE IS A LOCATION, UKRAINE IS A POLLUTED PLACE, UKRAINE IS A SUBSTANCE, UKRAINE IS AN OBJECT OF EXTERMINATION, UKRAINE IS AN EMPLOYER (related to ontological), UKRAINE IS A TRAVELLER, UKRAINE IS A MOVING FORCE, UKRAINE IS A SPREADER (orientational metaphors), UKRAINE IS AN INTEGRAL PART, UKRAINE IS AN OBJECT, TO WHICH THE FORM CAN BE GIVEN (structural metaphor), UKRAINE IS A PROTECTIVE AGENT, UKRAINE IS A THREAT, UKRAINE IS A CHOICE, UKRAINE IS A KILLING FIELD, UKRAINE IS A TESTING GROUND, UKRAINE IS AN OBJECT OF SACRIFICE, UKRAINE IS A POWERHOUSE, UKRAINE IS HOME, UKRAINE IS LIFE, UKRAINE IS A TARGET, UKRAINE IS A PAWN, UKRAINE IS A STEP, UKRAINE IS A GATEWAY (image metaphors). The identification of the above-mentioned conceptual metaphors outlined the peculiarities of the perception of Ukraine by the English-speaking communities and allowed us to assess the events taking place in the country.

La perle et le rubis: Incarnations de l’imaginal dans le quatrième conte des Sept Portraits de Nezâmi

The article is based on the hypothesis that the poetic intensity of Nezâmi’s Haft Peykar stems from the entanglement of the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real. Our goal is to prove that this romantic epic unveils beauty through its reflection. Thus, first we pose on the structural and thematic implications of the Imaginal. Then, we seek to elucidate the symbolic meaning of the legend told by the Slavonic princess. Finally, we try to demonstrate that beauty is epiphanized through metaphorical images with symbolic value. One is the gemological metaphor, in particular that of the two par excellence gems of beauty: the pearl and the ruby. Another is the vegetable metaphor, in particular that of the two par excellence plants of beauty: the rose and the cypress.

ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЯ АКСІОЛОГІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ АНДАЛУЗЬКИХ ЦИГАН І УКРАЇНЦІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВЕСІЛЬНИХ ПІСЕНЬ

This article is devoted to the analysis of the representation of axiological values by means of the popular ritual wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and Ukrainians. Axiological values shown through the text of the wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and Ukrainians are considered. The ways of language expression of both national ritual songs are estimated. The research reveals the values expressed via metaphorical images, symbols and periphrasis which codify popular language. Similar frames of Andalusian gypsy and Ukrainian wedding songs are discovered. It is observed that such family values as chastity and welfare are pictured with the use of expressive means of the language in both ritual wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and of Ukrainians. The cultural nature of appreciation of these axiological values is studied. Tentative mechanism of influence of the wedding songs on the younger generation is explained. A great educational power and an important pedagogical role of the wedding songs are highlighted. It is concluded that ritual wedding songs are a powerful medium (channel) of saving the traditional axiological model, behavior patterns, esthetic and moral values. The directions of further scientific research are considered:1) they may include a study of the psychological mechanism of metaphor, periphrasis and symbols in ritual songs and lullabies of both cultures or 2) they may involve an experimental study between the people of different cultures to know how they understand the metaphor formed in national and foreign cultures.

A Cognitive Approach in Onomastics: Some Notes on Metaphorical Place-Names

In the framework of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is considered as a general cognitive mechanism that plays a fundamental role in human thinking and understanding, in the creation of our social, cultural, and psychological reality, while also impacting our language use. One of its special types, the image metaphor, also appears in name-giving and serves as the basis of a specific toponym type. With reference primarily to Hungarian toponymic corpus and, sporadically, to other languages, this paper provides a brief description of the mechanism of image metaphor and an overview of typical target concepts and source domains of metaphorical toponyms and of the features of the geographical objects that constitute the basis for metaphorical mappings. It is shown that metaphorical naming may be based on transonymization and involve enantiosemy that helps create irony. The fact that metaphorical place-names are most frequently documented when collecting unofficial toponymy has a significant impact on their status in onomastic research. Being most often microtoponyms, metaphorical place-names display clear quantitative variation from one area to another, which can be explained by the weight the metaphorical naming patterns have among the speakers living in different regions, which, in turn, may influence their readiness to use those or similar patterns for naming new objects. The author also suggests that despite their numerical scarcity in historical sources, metaphorical toponyms constitute a long-standing ancient class of names, and outlines some perspectives for the further study.

Foreignness in The Imagery of Bei Dao’s Later Poetry The Study of “Metal” and “Rose”

This paper firstly describes Bei Dao’s life and the general characteristics of his poems, and focuses on Bei Dao himself. Bei Dao said that “poetry is not something to be talked about”, and he did not talk about any of his poems on any public occasions. Due to the particularity of poetry style, and the intentional avoidance of the author, Scholars, and critics can only rely on the author’s life and other similar interviews, journals, theories, and so on to study the various images in Bei Dao’s poetry. The real ideological awakening of Bei Dao was his life in exile after he was deprived of Chinese nationality and political rights after Tiananmen square Crackdown. Bei Dao went to Europe, Africa, America, and other places, and lived for a long time or a short time., so the subject tone of “ Foreignness “ was highlighted in his poetry after the exile. The metaphor and transformation of metal image and nature image is the most personal characteristic.

The Metaphorical Image of the Law Enforcement Agencies in the Oppositional Discourse

The Metaphorical Image of the Law Enforcement Agencies in the Oppositional Discourse

Metaphoric images of the strategic management concept

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain how organizational actors create their own reality with their subjective perceptions and interpretations of organizational phenomena. In this context, strategic management, which is fed from many different disciplines, is examined in terms of what it means for its practitioners. In other words, it is questioned how the concept of strategic management is defined in the eyes of organizational actors. Method: A qualitative research method was used to achieve the purpose determined in the study, as well as metaphor analysis, which is one of the qualitative research designs evaluated within the scope of discourse analysis. The data obtained from a total of 40 participants were subjected to content analysis and descriptive analysis. Result: As a result of the obtained data set analysis, it was determined that the participants produced impressive metaphors while defining the concept of strategic management. In addition, it was noted that the participants defined the concept of strategic management with sometimes similar and sometimes almost the same metaphors. Conclusion: According to the analysis results, the dominant images among the managers match the definition of the concept of strategic management. In addition, it has been concluded that the shared reality among organizational actors is regular, clear and understandable, and that the dominant images in the shared reality are strong. Furthermore, 1) this article reveals how the concept of strategic management defined by academics is perceived by practitioners, 2) it was observed that the participants exhibited consensus rather than conflict in their evaluations of the concept of strategic management, and 3) the different metaphors used are considered as proof that the strategic management field has a lively, active and broad intellectual content.