Imaging Informatics Research Articles

ESR Essentials: how to get to valuable radiology AI: the role of early health technology assessment-practice recommendations by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics.

AI tools in radiology are revolutionising the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients. However, there is a major gap between the large number of developed AI tools and those translated into daily clinical practice, which can be primarily attributed to limited usefulness and trust in current AI tools. Instead of technically driven development, little effort has been put into value-based development to ensure AI tools will have a clinically relevant impact on patient care. An iterative comprehensive value evaluation process covering the complete AI tool lifecycle should be part of radiology AI development. For value assessment of health technologies, health technology assessment (HTA) is an extensively used and comprehensive method. While most aspects of value covered by HTA apply to radiology AI, additional aspects, including transparency, explainability, and robustness, are unique to radiology AI and crucial in its value assessment. Additionally, value assessment should already be included early in the design stage to determine the potential impact and subsequent requirements of the AI tool. Such early assessment should be systematic, transparent, and practical to ensure all stakeholders and value aspects are considered. Hence, early value-based development by incorporating early HTA will lead to more valuable AI tools and thus facilitate translation to clinical practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This paper advocates for the use of early value-based assessments. These assessments promote a comprehensive evaluation on how an AI tool in development can provide value in clinical practice and thus help improve the quality of these tools and the clinical process they support. KEY POINTS: Value in radiology AI should be perceived as a comprehensive term including health technology assessment domains and AI-specific domains. Incorporation of an early health technology assessment for radiology AI during development will lead to more valuable radiology AI tools. Comprehensive and transparent value assessment of radiology AI tools is essential for their widespread adoption.

Artificial intelligence, emotional labor, and the quest for sociological and political imagination among low-skilled workers

Abstract This study examines how generative AI impacts low-skilled workers in their daily professional lives, how it changes the nature of their work, and what, if any, strategies they develop to cope with this new reality. Emphasis is placed on call center agents—an occupational group facing a particularly high automation risk. Drawing on Constructivist Grounded Theory and semistructured interviews in an Austrian call center, we uncover how flawed generative AI tools have increased emotional labor among these workers. This increase is hypothesized to result in agents’ inability to embed their own problems in the larger social context of generative AI’s impact on the labor market, let alone to politicize these problems. They were thus said to lack sociological and political imagination. Our study is the first to link emotional labor with these forms of imagination among low-skilled workers, offering new analytical tools for future research on generative AI’s nuanced effects on the labor market. To empower low-skilled workers, foster their imaginations and address their concerns, we propose several policy recommendations, including targeted education campaigns, enhanced social dialogue, co-determination rights, and tailored upskilling programs. This study thus offers a valuable contribution to scientific research while providing practical implications for policymakers.

Self-supervised learning for chest computed tomography: training strategies and effect on downstream applications.

Self-supervised pre-training can reduce the amount of labeled training data needed by pre-learning fundamental visual characteristics of the medical imaging data. We investigate several self-supervised training strategies for chest computed tomography exams and their effects on downstream applications. We benchmark five well-known self-supervision strategies (masked image region prediction, next slice prediction, rotation prediction, flip prediction, and denoising) on 15M chest computed tomography (CT) slices collected from four sites of the Mayo Clinic enterprise, United States. These models were evaluated for two downstream tasks on public datasets: pulmonary embolism (PE) detection (classification) and lung nodule segmentation. Image embeddings generated by these models were also evaluated for prediction of patient age, race, and gender to study inherent biases in models' understanding of chest CT exams. The use of pre-training weights especially masked region prediction-based weights, improved performance, and reduced computational effort needed for downstream tasks compared with task-specific state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. Performance improvement for PE detection was observed for training dataset sizes as large as with a maximum gain of 5% over SOTA. The segmentation model initialized with pre-training weights learned twice as fast as the randomly initialized model. While gender and age predictors built using self-supervised training weights showed no performance improvement over randomly initialized predictors, the race predictor experienced a 10% performance boost when using self-supervised training weights. We released self-supervised models and weights under an open-source academic license. These models can then be fine-tuned with limited task-specific annotated data for a variety of downstream imaging tasks, thus accelerating research in biomedical imaging informatics.

Studi Sosiolinguistik pada Nadhoman Terjemah Kitab Syu’abul Iman Karya KH. A Wahab Muhsin

Sociolinguistic studies are part of modern linguistic studies which cover all linguistic phenomena and their communities. This study can explain word preferences or language structures that differentiate one literary work from another based on the relationship between individuals, populations, periodization and people's lifestyle patterns. The source of sociolingistics research is all types of communication that use language, both spoken and written in all varieties of languages ​​in the world. This research aims to describe sociolinguistic relationships and traces of their application in Nadhoman's "Translation of Syu'abul Iman". The data used in this research are all aspects of perspective studies which include figurative sentences in the form of symbols, images, figurative language or figures of speech, as well as diction or choice of words as well as expressions in the form of loanwords, theme idioms, diction, language style, imagination and messages that describe the influence sociological and linguistic aspects of the translation of the book Syu'abul Iman by KH.A Wahab Muhsin in the form of a translation of the book Syu'abul Iman which was compiled in 1967. Researchers indicate that there are linguistic values ​​related to the situation and social relations in it. To prove this, the author analyzes it using descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique in this research is a reading-note technique. The technique is carried out by reading, taking notes for analysis based on the perspective study. The research results obtained prove that sociolinguistics is very influential on the building blocks of the translation of the book Syu'abul Iman.Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Sundanese Nazhoman, Translation.

ESR Essentials: radiomics-practice recommendations by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics.

Radiomics is a method to extract detailed information from diagnostic images that cannot be perceived by the naked eye. Although radiomics research carries great potential to improve clinical decision-making, its inherent methodological complexities make it difficult to comprehend every step of the analysis, often causing reproducibility and generalizability issues that hinder clinical adoption. Critical steps in the radiomics analysis and model development pipeline-such as image, application of image filters, and selection of feature extraction parameters-can greatly affect the values of radiomic features. Moreover, common errors in data partitioning, model comparison, fine-tuning, assessment, and calibration can reduce reproducibility and impede clinical translation. Clinical adoption of radiomics also requires a deep understanding of model explainability and the development of intuitive interpretations of radiomic features. To address these challenges, it is essential for radiomics model developers and clinicians to be well-versed in current best practices. Proper knowledge and application of these practices is crucial for accurate radiomics feature extraction, robust model development, and thorough assessment, ultimately increasing reproducibility, generalizability, and the likelihood of successful clinical translation. In this article, we have provided researchers with our recommendations along with practical examples to facilitate good research practices in radiomics. KEY POINTS: Radiomics' inherent methodological complexity should be understood to ensure rigorous radiomic model development to improve clinical decision-making. Adherence to radiomics-specific checklists and quality assessment tools ensures methodological rigor. Use of standardized radiomics tools and best practices enhances clinical translation of radiomics models.

Forms of the Mother Right: Marxism's Matriarchal Origins from Friedrich Engels to Lu Märten

AbstractThe nineteenth‐century discovery of the matrilineal origins of society shattered assumptions about the necessity of the bourgeois family. For Marxists, ethnographic studies of the mother right provided an aesthetic form to reevaluate the “woman question” from a scientific perspective. Although Marx and Engels had long rejected the idea of the family in favor of “family forms,” Engels's adaptation of Morgan's Ancient Society (1877) in Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats (1884) was canonized as the authoritative Marxist text on the subject. While the ethnographic form enabled the denaturalization of the family, its racialized and gendered temporality undercut socialist critiques of social forms. This article introduces Lu Märten's queer utopian response to the mother right, Geschichte der Frau vom Mutterrecht bis zur Gegenwart (1947), which dispenses with the evolutionary structure of the ethnographic study to offer a vision of polyamorous and androgynous forms in a classless society.

CLEAR guideline for radiomics: Early insights into current reporting practices endorsed by EuSoMII

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate current reporting practices in radiomics research, with a focus on CheckList for EvaluAtion of Radiomics research (CLEAR). MethodsWe conducted a citation search using Google Scholar to collect original research articles on radiomics citing the CLEAR guideline up to June 17, 2024. We examined the adoption of the guideline, adherence scores per publication, item-wise adherence rates, and self-reporting practices. An expert panel from the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics Radiomics Auditing Group conducted a detailed item-by-item confirmation analysis of the self-reported CLEAR checklists. ResultsOut of 100 unique citations from 104 records, 48 original research papers on radiomics were included. The overall adoption rate in the literature was 2 %. Among the citing articles, 94 % (45/48) adopted CLEAR for reporting purposes, applying it to both hand-crafted radiomics (89 %) and deep learning (24 %). Self-reported checklists were included in 58 % (26/45) of these papers. Median study-wise adherence score for self-reported data was 91 % (interquartile range = 18 %). Mean confirmed adherence score was 66 % (standard deviation = 14 %). Difference between these scores was statistically significant, (mean = 21 %; standard deviation = 11 %), p < 0.001. Using an arbitrary 50 % adherence cut-off, the number of items with poor adherence increased from 3 to 15 after confirmation analysis, mostly comprised of open science-related items. In addition, several items were frequently misreported. ConclusionThis study revealed significant discrepancies between self-reported and confirmed adherence to the CLEAR guideline in radiomics research, indicating a need for improved reporting accuracy and verification practices.

The Case of the DOXA Four: A Year in the School of Political Prisoners

AbstractThis paper explores media strategies used by the four former editors of the Russian independent student‐run journal DOXA during their year of pre‐trial domestic confinement between April 2021 and April 2022. This high‐profile case ended only two months after the beginning of Russia’s full‐scale war in Ukraine and the intensification of repressions against the internal political opposition. It also concludes a decade‐long phase in the conflict between the Russian state and its increasingly politicized youth. By maintaining a public presence during their house arrest despite the official prohibition, the DOXA Four entered into a media competition with police: Both groups were trying to reach an audience of Russian youth and shape the public image of oppositional students. While the state strove to intimidate, infantilize, and isolate the young people, the DOXA editors promoted collectivist forms of feeling and imagination to encourage political mobilization. In doing so, they aimed to break with the prevailing culture of ironic aestheticization of state violence and to re‐articulate political aesthetics for its generation.

Empowering Women in Imaging Informatics: Confronting Imposter Syndrome, Addressing Microaggressions, and Striving for Work-Life Harmony.

For the past 6years, the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) annual meeting has provided a forum for women in imaging informatics to discuss the unique challenges they face. These sessions have evolved into a platform for understanding, sharing experiences, and developing practical strategies. The 2023 session was organized into three focus groups devoted to discussing imposter syndrome, workplace microaggressions, and work-life balance. This paper summarizes these discussions and highlights the significant themes and narratives that emerged. We aim to contribute to the larger conversation on gender equity in the informatics field, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing the challenges faced by women in informatics. By documenting these sessions, we seek to inspire actionable change towards a more inclusive and equitable future for everyone in imaging informatics.

Imagination in Scientific Reasoning: Theoretical Innovation and Scientific Explanation on the Example of Atomic Physics

This article aims to show the great variety of ways in which new ideas enter science; ideas that must pass both the critical examination of the scientific community and the filter of empirical contrast. The community itself is aware of the role that conjectures, intuitions, and imagination play in the advancement of science. A fundamental role in the context of discovery is played by abduction, a form of reasoning that serves the purposes of theoretical innovation and scientific explanation, which I illustrate by focusing on the anomalous Zeeman effect, which is very appropriate to the case. But I also point out that in preductive reasoning, a genuinely deductive form of inter-theoretical reasoning, imagination, and luck should not be excluded when choosing the theoretical elements whose step-by-step combination leads to a novel theoretical result.

Imaging Informatics Education in Clinical Informatics Programs: Perspective from Imaging and Clinical Informatics Professionals.

Imaging and Clinical Informatics are domains of biomedical informatics. Imaging Informatics topics are often not covered in depth in most Clinical Informatics fellowships. While dedicated Imaging Informatics fellowships exist, they may not have the same rigor as ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) accredited Clinical Informatics fellowships and they do not provide a direct path toward subspecialty board certification. We compared published curricula and test content between Clinical and Imaging Informatics fellowship programs. We then highlighted differences between training programs and identified overlapping topics and opportunities for additional education for each type of trainee. Published consensus curricula and topics were extracted for each specialty. Two informaticists compared topics as shared or not shared between specialties. Next, test content outlines were compared for each specialty exam, extracted, and classified as shared or not shared content. A Venn diagram was created to highlight areas unique to each specialty as well as areas of overlap. There were 139 Clinical Informatics topics compared with 97 Imaging Informatics topics. Of the 139 Clinical Informatics topics, 115 (83%) were covered in the Imaging Informatics curriculum. Of the 97 Imaging Informatics topics, 74 (76%) were covered in the Clinical Informatics curriculum. When using test content outline data, 170 out of 397 (43%) Imaging Informatics topics matched to 64 out of 139 (46%) Clinical Informatics topics. We describe examples of overlapping topics and those unique to each program to identify potential areas to expand. Imaging Informatics and Clinical Informatics fellowship programs have some overlap with areas unique to each. Our review may help guide those seeking informatics education and potential certification. As enterprise imaging evolves, these differences may become more important and create knowledge gaps, if not systematically evaluated.

Evolving With Artificial Intelligence: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Imaging Informatics in a General Residency Curriculum With an Advanced Track

Evolving With Artificial Intelligence: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Imaging Informatics in a General Residency Curriculum With an Advanced Track

A teaching model for biomedical imaging informatics

IntroductionRadiology played a leading role in the transformation of medicine to a digital environment. To ensure the smooth operation and managing workflow in a digital imaging environment, dedicated, well-trained individuals are needed. The objective of this study was to develop a teaching and learning model for imaging informatics. MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected through a literature review and three structured questionnaires. Results from literature and questionnaires informed the Delphi statements. Three Delphi rounds with medical informatics and higher education experts were completed – all data contributed to developing the teaching and learning model. ResultsLiterature provided the frame of reference related to regulation and inclusions in the model. Six summated imaging informatics themes with categories that included topics, teaching, learning and assessment as well as project management, and clinical engineering were included in the first Delphi questionnaire. The three-round Delphi resulted in consensus achieved for 142 of the 184 statements and the stability of 37 statements. The model created aligns with the context, goals, content, learning experiences and assessment that lead to holistic student development. ConclusionFeedback from a variety of sources assisted the development of the teaching model for image informatics. The model can be regarded as having a broad scope but also depth since expert refinement strengthened the final inclusions. The flexible, holistic nature of this model addresses not only the educational impediments associated with curriculum development but additionally catalyses a pragmatic approach to implementation and operationalisation thereof. Implications for practiceThe developed teaching and learning model could serve to improve the training of radiographers and IT specialists to become certified imaging informatics professionals. This model may be incorporated to assist the integration of all systems – to improve quality and service.

Yougonostalgie, yougosphère culturelle et mémoire de / pour l’avenir

By counterbalancing the instrumentalization of the ethno-nationalist restorative nostalgia – which was not only the affective and imaginary fuel of the mnemonic wars fought, starting from the 80s, on the territory of “the country that no longer exists”, but also that of both the subsequent tragedies and cultural-political polarizations –, Yugonostalgia emerged in the painful 90s as a privileged form of post-Yugoslav mnemonic imagination. Against the background of the persistent mnemonic conflicts within the region, the multidirectional/ agonistic Yugonostalgic memory appears nowadays as a catalyst of the emotional and ethical commitment with the recent past, particularly able to inspire “visions of a better future”. Keywords: Yugonostalgia, multidirectional/ agonistic memory, retrospective utopia, post-Yugoslav divided memories, retrotopia

Derrida&amp;apos;s Postmodern Thought and Religious Education

Today the learners breathe in the atmosphere of postmodern thoughts. In this sense it is meaningful to deal with a postmodern thinker’s philosophy more closely. This work contributes to understand the learners’ intellectual environment deeply in the current postmodern society. Through this, educators can find the way to enrich learners’ epistemological and existential soil and can do this more appropriate way. In particular, Jacques Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts on deconstruction and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;différance &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;offer profound insights for religious education in the postmodern era. In addition, his understanding of gift, forgiveness, and hospitality enriches the content of religious education and invites teachers and learners to a more responsible life, in that, for Derrida, responsibility connotes response ability. In this paper, I explore Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts on deconstruction, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;différance&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;, gift, forgiveness, and hospitality. After investigating Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts, I present a framework for imagination-centered religious education that bridges between Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts and religious education. Here I propose three forms of imagination as the outline of imagination-centered religious education: constructive, empathetic, and visionary imagination. Finally, I revisit Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts from the perspective of the three imaginations and bring them into dialogue with one another. Through this I seek to enrich both Derrida&amp;apos;s thoughts and religious education and to elicit helpful implications for religious education. The methods of this paper mostly rely on books and theses around the main issues. I hope that this study contributes to the nurturing of the next generation in the contemporary postmodern, globalizing, fourth industrial, and new normal era.

Celebrating 10 Years of the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community and Enterprise Imaging Informatics

In response to the growing recognition of enterprise imaging as a critical component of healthcare’s digital transformation, in 2014, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) and the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community (HSEIC). At the time of the agreement, the two organizations decided to collaborate to lead enterprise imaging development, advancement, and adoption. This paper celebrates the past 10 years of the HSEIC’s thought leadership, industry partnerships, and impact while also looking ahead to identify enterprise imaging challenges to solve in the next decade.

Imajinasi Anak Saat Bermain dalam Lukisan Kontemporer

The purpose of this final work is to visualize the form of child imagination when they are playing into contemporary art. In its creation, this artwork visualize the ambiance and what the child imagine when they are playing with their toys or simple things around them. The method in this artwork creation consist of five stages : (1) Preparation, (2) Elaboration, (3) Synthesis, (4) Concept Realization, and (5) Finishing. There are ten artworks that have gone through the art creation process are “Hewan-Hewan di Langit”, “Pesta Teh dan Kue”, “Istana Selimut”, “Sang Penyelamat”, “Seniman Kecil”, “Bertarung”, “Menghindari Lava”, “Belayar Kapalku”, “Aku Melayang”, and “Koki Cilik”.

Failing ethnographies as post-qualitative possibilities: reflections from critical posthumanities and critical disability studies

ABSTRACT Recent moves from qualitative to post-qualitative inquiry can be traced back to various developments and methodological quandaries. Posthuman philosophy and methodology is one origin story of the move to post-qualitative inquiry. This broad approach contests the humanist impulse at the heart of qualitative inquiry and demands imaginative forms of post-qualitative inquiry, theory and research that engage with the more-than-human realities and nuances of everyday life. What might it mean to hold post-qualitative sympathies and tackle a foundational methodology of qualitative inquiry (ethnography) from a quintessentially posthuman position (disability)? With reference to an ongoing ESRC funded project – Humanising Healthcare – we provide two writings about the possibilities and challenges of failing ethnography. Through reference to critical posthumanities and critical disability studies theory, we attend to broken, patchwork, kintsugi and crip ethnographies that, we argue, allow us to sit in the liminal space between qualitative/post-qualitative research and human/posthuman theory.

Explanation and Elaboration with Examples for CLEAR (CLEAR-E3): an EuSoMII Radiomics Auditing Group Initiative

Overall quality of radiomics research has been reported as low in literature, which constitutes a major challenge to improve. Consistent, transparent, and accurate reporting is critical, which can be accomplished with systematic use of reporting guidelines. The CheckList for EvaluAtion of Radiomics research (CLEAR) was previously developed to assist authors in reporting their radiomic research and to assist reviewers in their evaluation. To take full advantage of CLEAR, further explanation and elaboration of each item, as well as literature examples, may be useful. The main goal of this work, Explanation and Elaboration with Examples for CLEAR (CLEAR-E3), is to improve CLEAR’s usability and dissemination. In this international collaborative effort, members of the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics−Radiomics Auditing Group searched radiomics literature to identify representative reporting examples for each CLEAR item. At least two examples, demonstrating optimal reporting, were presented for each item. All examples were selected from open-access articles, allowing users to easily consult the corresponding full-text articles. In addition to these, each CLEAR item’s explanation was further expanded and elaborated. For easier access, the resulting document is available at https://radiomic.github.io/CLEAR-E3/. As a complementary effort to CLEAR, we anticipate that this initiative will assist authors in reporting their radiomics research with greater ease and transparency, as well as editors and reviewers in reviewing manuscripts.Relevance statement Along with the original CLEAR checklist, CLEAR-E3 is expected to provide a more in-depth understanding of the CLEAR items, as well as concrete examples for reporting and evaluating radiomic research.Key points• As a complementary effort to CLEAR, this international collaborative effort aims to assist authors in reporting their radiomics research, as well as editors and reviewers in reviewing radiomics manuscripts.• Based on positive examples from the literature selected by the EuSoMII Radiomics Auditing Group, each CLEAR item explanation was further elaborated in CLEAR-E3.• The resulting explanation and elaboration document with examples can be accessed at https://radiomic.github.io/CLEAR-E3/.Graphical

Navigating the Pitfalls of Counterfactuality: Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Legal Fictions

The introductory essay on legal fictionality engages with the practice of legal fictions from Roman Law to the twenty-first century, and with the attempts of legal scholarship to conceptualize this particular form of legal imagination. It will discuss the major questions established in the past, with a particular emphasis on the classical understanding of legal fictions as “untrue” or “counterfactual” assumptions—a dichotomy that has pervaded legal thinking for centuries. It will argue that the classical approach is outdated and in urgent need of revision, also demonstrating that theories of other disciplines are better equipped to adequately deal with the issue, from the early debates on truth to more recent positions, such as possible world theory and institutional theories of fictionality. The essay will mainly draw on analytic philosophy and literary theory, but will also invoke more recent legal scholarship that engages with inter- or transdisciplinary approaches. Authors include James, Bradley, Kelsen, Vaihinger, Cohen, Lewis, Meinong, Fuller, Neurath, Rescher, Habermas, Rorty, Glasersfeld, Goodman, Routley, Searle, Genette, Beardsley, Wolterstorff, Currie, Walton, Eco, Anderegg, Doležel and Pavel.