Image Encryption Algorithm Research Articles

Research on Chaotic Image Encryption Based on Fibonacci-ILogistic-IHenon

To further improve the security of image encryption, we propose an image encryption algorithm that combines Fibonacci with improved logistic and improved Henon chaotic mapping, i.e., the Fibonacci-ILogistic-IHenon algorithm. The algorithm addresses that the existing logistic chaotic algorithm is controlled by the parameter resulting in an uneven distribution, and the Henon chaotic algorithm may have the problem of periodic orbits. Using the mode-taking and sinusoidal functions for optimization, the output sequence region generated by the logistic chaotic mapping is adjusted to the input of the Henon chaotic mapping, which enables the construction of a new chaotic system (ILogistic-IHenon). In the image encryption implementation, Fibonacci is used to cure the chaos, and ILogistic-IHenon is utilized to generate chaotic sequences to complete the encryption. In the simulation experiments, we choose the improved logistic encryption algorithm, the improved Henon encryption algorithm, and the improved logistic-ent encryption algorithm as the comparison algorithms, and the results illustrate that the Fibonacci-ILogistic-IHenon algorithm has better performance in image encryption statistical analysis, encryption speed, pixel correlation analysis, information entropy analysis, differential attack analysis and other metrics.

An efficient image encryption algorithm using a discrete memory-based logistic map with deep neural network

In the last few years, multimedia technology has made tremendous strides. These days, the Web is frequently used to transfer multimedia content, including audio, video, and photos. However, the Internet is a very vulnerable medium with many security holes. To ensure that multimedia content carried across unprotected channels, like the Internet, is secure and private, several encryption techniques have been proposed. New encryption strategies must be developed because multimedia data streams cannot be encrypted using traditional methods. Therefore, the main goal of the recommended system is to present an analytical research approach for introducing a sophisticated framework wherein the suggested encryption technologies' efficacy is increased through the use of deep neural networks (DNNs). The robustness of the DNN principle is coupled with a discrete memristor-based logistic chaotic map notion for enhanced security performance. In this paper, three distinct encryption algorithms—Arnie cat with an artificial neural network (ANN), Henon map with an ANN, and logistic map with a DNN—are compared for security and performance with the suggested algorithm. Correlation coefficients, information entropy, number of pixels changing rate (NPCR), encryption quality, and encryption duration are the cryptographic analysis parameters examined here. The results show that the recommended implementation enhances security performance without degrading image quality. The proposed algorithm achieves 35.9% of UACI, 99.95% of NPCR, and 7.997231 of entropy.

Cryptanalyzing a bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps

Recently, a bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps (BCIEA) has been presented. BCIEA consists of diffusion and confusion, and its security performance mainly relies on the dynamic mechanisms introduced during diffusion and confusion, respectively. However, after a careful cryptanalysis, we found that BCIEA has fatal security issues. Although the bit-level diffusion formally employs complex chaining operations, there is a defect that the chaotic sequences can be used as an equivalent key. In addition, by analyzing its confusion, it is found that the dynamic mechanism adopted has obvious statistical characteristics, and it is especially difficult to resist all zero ciphertext attack. In addition, we also found that the BCIEA description is not rigorous, resulting in algorithm details that cannot be decrypted. On the basis of slightly reasonable modification, we propose a chosen-ciphertext attack method for cracking BCIEA. The method first uses the all-zero ciphertext to degrade it into a diffusion-only algorithm, and then chooses a cipher image with the same sum value as that of the target cipher image to break the confusion module possessing a dynamic mechanism. Theoretical analyses and experimental results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed attack method. This work can provide a reference for improving the security of image encryption schemes based on bit-level techniques.

Secure communication using an adaptable multilevel RGB image encryption algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Internet use and other communications technologies like wireless networks, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things have skyrocketed in recent decades. This research seeks to provide a structured color picture encryption technique for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The approach uses a 1-D exponential modified chaotic map (1-D EMC), 2-D discrete wavelet transform, and a 1-D modified version of the logistic map (1-D MVL) to reduce data and improve transmission, especially for images. The XOR operator and random permutation of image matrix rows and columns strengthen the technique against numerous attacks. Statistical analyses are performed on the proposed encryption technique, and the values of these statistical tests presented in the tables are satisfactory. A fair comparison with other competitive existing algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed encryption algorithm and can be opted for practical use.

Multiuser medical image encryption algorithm using phase-only CGH in the gyrator domain.

In this paper, a multiuser medical image encryption algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm utilizes polar decomposition, which enables multiuser features in the proposed algorithm. A computer-generated hologram (CGH) improves the security of the proposed algorithm in the gyrator domain. The phase-only CGH-based multiuser algorithm offers advantages such as storing a large amount of information in a compact space, resistance to counterfeiting, and enhanced security. The proposed method is validated with various statistical metrics, such as information entropy, mean squared error, correlation coefficient, histogram, and mesh plots. Results confirm that the proposed algorithm is secure and robust against potential attacks, such as plaintext attacks, iterative attacks, and contamination attacks. The proposed method has a large keyspace, which makes it very difficult to be breached in real-time with existing computational power.

A color image encryption scheme based on cellular neural networks and linear feedback shift registers

In this paper, a cellular neural network (CNN) chaotic system is constructed and the multiple stability of the system and its rich chaotic properties are confirmed by studying the effect of parameters on the system, coexisting attractors, and offset boosting behavior. As linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) can be applied to cryptography, this paper applies LFSR to generate encrypted key matrices to enhance the randomness of encryption algorithms. Based on CNN and LFSR, a new color image encryption algorithm is designed by combining DNA coding and bit-plane decomposition with high bit-plane Zigzag dislocation changes. Experimental results and security tests show that the algorithm is highly secure and resistant to a variety of common attacks, such as differential attacks, cropping attacks, and noise attacks.

A fast visually meaningful image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing and joint diffusion and scrambling

A fast visually meaningful image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing and joint diffusion and scrambling

Image encryption algorithm based on a new 2D polynomial chaotic map and dynamic S-box

Image encryption algorithm based on a new 2D polynomial chaotic map and dynamic S-box

An image encryption algorithm based on multi-layered chaotic maps and its security analysis

This study introduces a novel symmetric image encryption algorithm that employs a multi-layered architecture of chaotic maps, incorporating both confusion and diffusion components. The selected chaotic maps, namely Aizawa, Ricker, Sine-Circle, and Chirikov, have been well-established as effective sources of chaos in the existing literature. Within the proposed algorithm, these chaotic maps are strategically utilised in distinct layers to enhance the security of the encrypted image. The algorithm demonstrates applicability to real-world scenarios, distinguished by its simplicity, high-speed performance, and low computational complexity. The efficacy of the method is underlined by its dependence on both original images and secret keys, rendering it resilient against brute force and differential attacks. Rigorous experimentation, encompassing correlation, histogram analysis, NBCR, NPCR, UACI, PSNR, and NIST values, establishes the proposed encryption algorithm's robustness and security against diverse attack modalities, including differential and statistical approaches. These findings position the algorithm as a compelling solution for safeguarding sensitive information in various practical applications.

A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Compressive Sensing and a Two-Dimensional Linear Canonical Transform

In this paper, we propose a secure image encryption method using compressive sensing (CS) and a two-dimensional linear canonical transform (2D LCT). First, the SHA256 of the source image is used to generate encryption security keys. As a result, the suggested technique is able to resist selected plaintext attacks and is highly sensitive to plain images. CS simultaneously encrypts and compresses a plain image. Using a starting value correlated with the sum of the image pixels, the Mersenne Twister (MT) is used to control a measurement matrix in compressive sensing. Then, the scrambled image is permuted by Lorenz’s hyper-chaotic systems and encoded by chaotic and random phase masks in the 2D LCT domain. In this case, chaotic systems increase the output complexity, and the independent parameters of the 2D LCT expand the key space of the suggested technique. Ultimately, diffusion based on addition and modulus operations yields a cipher-text image. Simulations showed that this cryptosystem was able to withstand common attacks and had adequate cryptographic features.

A novel fast image encryption algorithm based on coefficient independent coupled exponential chaotic map

The performance of most chaotic systems is dependent on the selection of parameters, and an incorrect selection can lead to a significant reduction in the complexity and safety of chaotic systems or to chaotic degeneracy. In this paper, we investigate an Exponential Cyclic Coupling Chaotic Model (ECCCM) that maintains excellent and stable chaotic dynamics across a wide range of parameters. We use the Exponential Coupled Logistic Model (ECLM) as an example to design a new fast image encryption algorithm that treats the image as a three-dimensional matrix and simultaneously changes the positions and values of its pixels. Our proposed encryption algorithm has been verified through various experiments to be highly secure and competitive with other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Few-detail image encryption algorithm based on diffusion and confusion using Henon and Baker chaotic maps

Few-detail image encryption algorithm based on diffusion and confusion using Henon and Baker chaotic maps

Remote sensing image encryption algorithm based on novel hyperchaos and an elliptic curve cryptosystem

Remote sensing images carry crucial ground information, often involving the spatial distribution and spatiotemporal changes of surface elements. To safeguard this sensitive data, image encryption technology is essential. In this paper, a novel Fibonacci sine exponential map is designed, the hyperchaotic performance of which is particularly suitable for image encryption algorithms. An encryption algorithm tailored for handling the multi-band attributes of remote sensing images is proposed. The algorithm combines a three-dimensional synchronized scrambled diffusion operation with chaos to efficiently encrypt multiple images. Moreover, the keys are processed using an elliptic curve cryptosystem, eliminating the need for an additional channel to transmit the keys, thus enhancing security. Experimental results and algorithm analysis demonstrate that the algorithm offers strong security and high efficiency, making it suitable for remote sensing image encryption tasks.

Image encryption algorithm based on improved iterative chaotic map with infinite collapses and Gray code

The quick advancement of multimedia technology has led to the widespread utilization of digital images across various industries. Meanwhile, image security has become an urgent issue in need of resolution. To guarantee image security as well fulfill the requirements of real-time image cryptosystems, a novel image encryption algorithm is proposed based on the designed improved iterative chaotic map with infinite collapses (ICMIC), Gray code and semi-pixel level permutation and diffusion. Firstly, two chaotic sequences are produced using the improved ICMIC and then they are used to perform scrambling and diffusion operations. Secondly, the plain image is encoded using Gray code and then we convert each Gray code into two semi-pixels. Thirdly, the designed semi-pixel level permutation is used to scramble the semi-pixel vector. Finally, the scrambled semi-pixel vector is diffused using the designed dynamic semi-pixel level diffusion. The performance analyses illustrate that the proposed algorithm possesses robust security and high efficiency, making it ideally suited for application in real-time image cryptosystems.

An image encryption algorithm for visually meaningful ciphertext based on adaptive compressed, 2D-IICM hyperchaos and histogram cyclic shift

An image encryption algorithm for visually meaningful ciphertext based on adaptive compressed, 2D-IICM hyperchaos and histogram cyclic shift

Quantum image encryption algorithm via optimized quantum circuit and parity bit-plane permutation

Quantum image encryption technology employs the unique features of superposition, entanglement, and quantum state instability, offering advantages like high efficiency, parallelism, and robust resistance to decryption attempts. In this work, we propose a quantum image encryption algorithm via an optimized quantum circuit and parity bit-plane permutation named OCPBP. Our research commences with applying an optimization algorithm to BRQI image preparation. This optimization significantly reduces the number of auxiliary qubits from n+3 to 2 in the preparation of (n+5)-CNOT gate preparation. This reduction makes a significant simplification of the complexity and memory space required for BRQI image preparation. Moreover, we introduce an innovative operation based on parity pixel bit-planes for permutation, which provides a fresh perspective on quantum image encryption based on the BRQI model. Furthermore, we generate quantum key images for XOR operations using the improved logistic map, effectively tackling the challenge of non-random keys that can be a concern in conventional BRQI encryption techniques. We also perform a row-column-based permutation operation to enhance the algorithm’s resilience against potential attacks. Through extensive theoretical analysis and comparative experiments, we confirm the heightened security and reduced complexity of the proposed OCPBP algorithm compared to BRQI-based and chaotic image encryption methods. It holds significant promise for improving quantum image communication and application.

Exploiting robust quadratic polynomial hyperchaotic map and pixel fusion strategy for efficient image encryption

Recently, to offer better protection for images, new image encryption (IE) algorithms have been continuously proposed. However, these algorithms still exhibit some problems, such as poor chaotic performance, flawed key design, and low efficiency. To solve these problems, we first constructed a robust hyperchaotic map called 2D-SQPM. Then, we further developed an efficient IE algorithm based on 2D-SQPM and a pixel fusion strategy (IEASP). The robustness and superiority of 2D-SQPM were verified through several chaotic indicators. These indicators include the Lyapunov exponent, sample entropy, Kolmogorov entropy, and permutation entropy, with average values of 11.5129, 2.8861, 2.4262, and 0.99989, respectively. Several targeted measures were devised in IEASP. Specifically, the common keystream avoids the need to constantly change secret keys. Pixel fusion reduces the computational cost of encryption operations. Two rounds of vector-level image filtering, chaotic pixel superposition, and intra-vector quick scrambling speed up encryption while strengthening security. The security and superiority of IEASP were confirmed through extensive experiments. IEASP achieved excellent scores for correlation coefficients (<0.005), information entropy (7.9998), NPCR (99.6096), and UACI (33.4643). Notably, IEASP also achieved an impressive average encryption rate of 56.3358 Mbps. Due to our targeted designs, IEASP outperforms many recently reported leading IE algorithms in several aspects, particularly in encryption efficiency.

JPEG-compatible Joint Image Compression and Encryption Algorithm with File Size Preservation

Joint image compression and encryption algorithms are intensively investigated due to their powerful capability of simultaneous image data compression and sensitive information protection. Unfortunately, most of the existing algorithms suffered from either poor compression efficiency or weak encryption strength, making them vulnerable to cryptanalysis. To address these limitations, we propose a chaos-based JPEG-compatible joint image compression and encryption algorithm. We separate the luminance and chrominance coefficients to preserve file size and encrypt the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in parallel. The proposed inter-block DC encryption strategy achieves high encryption intensity based on the permutation-substitution structure. In addition, we apply both inter- and intra-block permutations to AC coefficients and strengthen the encryption using an inter-block substitution for non-zero AC coefficients. The results of security and performance analyses demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers robust encryption of image data while maintaining compression efficiency for real-time transmission.

A blind signature scheme for IoV based on 2D-SCML image encryption and lattice cipher

Today’s Internet of Vehicles (IoV) faces many security risks in the data transmission process, and image data is more vulnerable to security threats in the transmission process due to its special characteristics such as large amounts of information and high visibility. Therefore, to guarantee the dependability of data transmission in the IoV environment, this paper designs a blind signature scheme for IoV based on two-dimensional sine cosine cross-chaotic mapping (2D-SCML) image encryption and lattice cipher (BSS-IoV). The innovation of this scheme is that it aims at blind signature of image information, blinds it before sending the information, and combines the lattice public key encryption algorithm to better ensure the safe and reliable transmission of information and reduce the risk of information disclosure. To further ensure the security of the scheme, an image encryption algorithm based on 2D-SCML and pixel splitting (2PS-IEA) is proposed, which is used to blind the information and thus reduce the risk of information leakage on the one hand, on the other hand, it is used in the signature process to ensure the security of the signed information. The 2D-SCML is derived from the cross-model structure proposed in this paper. Through simulation results and experimental analysis, the values of NPCR and UACI, respectively, 99.6094% and 33.4635%, are close to ideal values. And 50% of the cut image can also recover the rough information, which indicates that the signature scheme has the security against differential attacks, cut attacks and noise attacks. Moreover, the security analysis shows that the scheme has the anti-tamper, anti-repudiation and traceability.

Parallel chaos-based image encryption algorithm: high-level synthesis and FPGA implementation

Parallel chaos-based image encryption algorithm: high-level synthesis and FPGA implementation