Image Encryption Algorithm Research Articles

A lossless probabilistic image encryption algorithm based on QSD decomposition and matrix transformations

With the development of Internet technology, images have become widely used in people's daily life. However, some images carry significant importance and sensitivity, making the security and protection of digital information more crucial. Standard encryption schemes such as RSA, DES, and AES, which have proven effective for textual data, face limitations when applied to images due to their unique features, such as large data capacity and strong pixel correlation. In recent years, numerous effective image encryption schemes utilizing diverse techniques have been proposed. However, the use of integer decomposition in encryption techniques is still underexplored. This paper introduces a novel, lossless, and probabilistic image encryption scheme designed to enhance the security of sensitive images during transmission and storage. This scheme is based on a new integer decomposition technique and utilizes a key with a very large key space. In the proposed approach, an image is encrypted into a pair of images using quasi-square decomposition and new matrix transformations. Security is further reinforced through the use of orthogonal matrices, which enhance diffusion while ensuring data integrity and preservation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly secure against most known attacks and cryptanalysis methods. Additionally, a comparison with various existing image encryption techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This research provides a significant contribution by introducing new techniques that leverage integer decomposition, which are highly effective against CPA (Chosen Plaintext Attack) and KPA (Known-Plaintext Attack). Moreover, these techniques enhance the entropy value of encrypted images and improve the values of NPCR and UACI, which help prevent differential attacks. The proposed scheme has the potential to advance applications in secure image transmission, storage, and privacy protection.

Semi-visual obfuscation image encryption algorithm based on [formula omitted]-type chaotic amplifier and self-hiding fuzzy

The level of privacy may vary across different parts of an image. This paper proposes a semi-visual obfuscation algorithm for images that takes into account the varying levels of privacy in different areas of the image. Firstly, we present a novel One-dimensional Uniform Chaotic Amplifier (1_DUCA) aimed at expanding the parameter range and enhancing the uniformity of the standard one-dimensional chaotic map. Next, we employ a detection algorithm or autonomous frame selection to identify the precise location of the area with strong privacy. Finally, we apply noise to blur the selected area and conceal vital bit information within the image. At this point, the image has certain visual effects, and only people with prior knowledge can recognize the image. Furthermore, in the last stage of image encryption, we employ a weight scrambling and high-low bit coupled diffusion technology to completely obscure the visual effects of the image. It is noteworthy that the experimental results and performance analysis have verified the practicality and security of the encryption algorithm. Moreover, they have also demonstrated the robust amplification effect of the employed amplifier.

COLOR IMAGE ENCRYPTION THROUGH MULTI-S-BOX GENERATED BY HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEM AND MIXTURE OF PIXEL BITS

The growing demand for maintaining secure communication channels with the advancements in digital technologies has led to an intensified interest in designing reliable image encryption schemes. Despite various encryption schemes that have been used, some are considered to have insecurity regarding data transmission and multimedia. Motivated by this concern, this paper proposes a new color image encryption algorithm of a multi-key generation-based nD-Hyperchaotic (HC) system. The new algorithm achieves Shannon’s confusion and diffusion principles using a two S-box generation approach, where the first S-box is generated from the proposed nD-HC system and the resulting sequence is used to increase encryption complexity, while the second S-box is generated from ([Formula: see text])D-HC system. Afterward, mathematical analysis is carried out to showcase the robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, as well as its resistance to visual, statistical, differential, and brute-force attacks. The proposed scheme successfully passes all NIST SP 800 suite tests. The cryptographic system demonstrated by the proposed scheme has proven to have outstanding performance through simulation tests, which indicates promising potential applicability aspects in secure and real-time image communication settings.

Novel grayscale image encryption based on 4D fractional-order hyperchaotic system, 2D Henon map and knight tour algorithm

With the increasing frequency of data exchange, the security of transmitted information, especially images, has become paramount. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for encrypting grayscale images of any dimension by using a proposed fractional-order (FO) 4D hyperchaotic system, 2D Henon chaotic map permutation, and the knight tour algorithm. Initially, chaotic sequences are generated by utilizing the proposed FO 4D hyperchaotic system, which are later employed to rearrange and shuffle the entire image pixels to bolster the efficacy of image encryption. To introduce an additional layer of diffusion, 2D Henon chaotic map permutation is used. Furthermore, the knight tour algorithm is applied by starting from a chosen point and executing specified rounds on the scrambled image to increase the encryption’s robustness. The resultant image encryption algorithm undergoes thorough testing and evaluation. It exhibits high sensitivity to the encryption key and boasts a larger key space, rendering it more resistant to brute-force attacks. The proposed algorithm demonstrates an approximate correlation of 0 between adjacent pixels. Further, encryption of a grayscale image of size 256 × 256 takes approximately 0.4 seconds, rendering it more suitable for cryptographic purposes.

Image encryption algorithm based on a novel 2D logistic‐sine‐coupling chaos map and bit‐level dynamic scrambling

SummaryThis paper develops a new image encryption algorithm based on a novel two‐dimensional chaotic map and bit‐level dynamic scrambling. First, multiple one‐dimensional chaotic maps are coupled to construct a novel two dimensions Logistic‐Sine‐coupling chaos map (2D‐LSCCM). The performance analysis shows that the 2D‐LSCCM has more complex chaotic characteristics and wider chaotic range than many extant 2D chaos maps. Second, original image matrix combines with hash algorithm SHA‐256 to generate a hash value. The initial values of 2D‐LSCCM are generated based on the hash value. Third, the original image matrix is divided into multiple sub‐matrices by wavelet transform, followed by scrambling by an improved Knuth shuffle algorithm. Fourth, the scrambled multiple sub‐matrices are stitched into an image matrix of and converted into a binary matrix. The chaotic sequence generated by 2D‐LSCCM is introduced as a control sequence to control the bit‐level scrambling of pixel points, which realizes the bit‐level dynamic scrambling. Finally, the diffusion operation is performed by parameter par and chaotic sequence to obtain the final encrypted image. The algorithm security analysis and simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed encryption scheme.

Image encryption algorithm based on DNA mutation and a novel four-dimensional hyperchaos

Abstract Aiming at the problem that insufficient complexity of ordinary multi-dimensional chaotic systems and the cumbersome design of encryption algorithms without excellent encryption effects. This paper constructs a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system with high Lyapunov exponent and complex dynamic behavior. We designed an encryption algorithm based on point mutation, mutation diffusion, and folding mutation in DNA mutations. During the encryption process, we perform point mutation transformation on the entire base sequence, then spread the mutations one by one starting from the second base of the sequence, and finally flip every four base sequences according to folding mutations. The images encrypted by this algorithm have a uniform grayscale histogram, high information entropy, and high key sensitivity. It can resist exhaustive attacks, noise attacks, cropping attacks, and differential attacks, and have a fast encryption speed.

Research on Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Generative Neural Network

Research on Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Generative Neural Network

DNA dynamic coding image encryption algorithm with a meminductor chaotic system

With the acceleration of information technology development, the protection of information security becomes increasingly critical. Images, as extensively used multimedia tools, encounter serious challenges in safeguarding sensitive data, including personal privacy and business confidentiality. This research presents a novel algorithm for color image encryption, that combines a meminductor chaotic system and DNA encoding cross-coupling operations to enhance image security and effectively prevent unauthorized access and decryption. Initially, this paper designs an equivalent circuit model for the Meminductor and constructs the corresponding chaotic system, followed by an in-depth analysis of its nonlinear dynamic characteristics. Then, artificial neuron is employed to perturb the original chaotic sequence generated by the system, resulting in a highly random mixed sequence. The original image is then subjected to rearrangement and encoding through Arnold transformation and dynamic DNA encoding techniques. Additionally, this research introduces a DNA encoding cross-coupling operation method that operates at the block level of pixels to diffuse and confuse image data, enhancing the complexity of the image encryption algorithm. Finally, a dynamic decoding technique is employed to decode the encoded image, yielding the encrypted result. Experimental results show that the algorithm is capable of providing larger key space and higher complexity in image encryption applications, and is able to withstand various types of attacks.

Deep learning and chaotic system based image encryption algorithm for secondary user system

Deep learning and chaotic system based image encryption algorithm for secondary user system

A new image encryption algorithm with feedback key mechanism using two-dimensional dual discrete quadratic chaotic map

A new image encryption algorithm with feedback key mechanism using two-dimensional dual discrete quadratic chaotic map

A Comprehensive Review on Image Encryption Techniques using Memristor based Chaotic System for Multimedia Application

Image encryption is one of the most widely used techniques for securing images in trusted and unrestricted public media. However, the drawback is weak security in chaotic encryption algorithms, small key space and hardware implementation complexities. Various appropriate encryption algorithms have been carried out for secure image transmission; it becomes a critical issue to protect image integrity, confidentiality and authenticity. To overcome these issues, this article examines several existing memristor-based image encryption algorithms with various chaotic maps. As a result, this research aims to deliver comprehensive literature on image encryption techniques through memristor to help the researchers. Finally, this survey provides all vital literature on the current image encryption techniques with their benefits, drawbacks, developments, and future directions. We also give a general guideline about cryptography. We conclude that all methods are helpful for real-time image encryption. A comparison has been made between many image processing approaches (conventional and memristor) based on metrics such as the number of pixels change rate (NPCR) with the value of 0.9986, histogram, entropy (7.9993), unified average varying intensity (UACI) achieves the value as 0.4996, energy consumption as 0.32pJ and time complexity as 0.9s. The experimental results of various approaches, key sensitivity and statistical analysis revealed that the survey of memristor-based image encryption schemes provides an effective way to secure image transmission in real-time application.

Achieving Image Encryption Quantum Dot-Functionalized Encryption Camera with Designed Films.

The risk of information leaks increases as images become a crucial medium for information sharing. There is a great need to further develop the versatility of image encryption technology to protect confidential and sensitive information. Herein, using high spatial redundancy (strong correlation of neighboring pixels) of the image and the in situ encryption function of a quantum dot functionalized encryption camera, in situ image encryption is achieved by designing quantum dot films (size, color, and full width at half maximum) to modify the correlation and reduce spatial redundancy of the captured image during encryption processing. The correlation coefficients of simulated encrypted image closely apporach to 0. High-quality decrypted images are achieved with a PSNR of more than 35dB by a convolutional neural network-based algorithm that meets the resolution requirements of human visual perception. Compared with the traditional image encryption algorithms, chaotic image encryption algorithms and neural network-based encryption algorithms described previously, it provides a universal, efficient and effective in situ image encryption method.

A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Cyclic Chaotic Map in Industrial IoT Environments

A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Cyclic Chaotic Map in Industrial IoT Environments

Image encryption algorithm based on optical chaos and Rubik’s cube matrix conversion

Image encryption algorithm based on optical chaos and Rubik’s cube matrix conversion

Image encryption algorithm based on four-dimensional memristor hyperchaotic system and parallel compressive sensing

Image encryption algorithm based on four-dimensional memristor hyperchaotic system and parallel compressive sensing

Compression and encryption for remote sensing image based on PSO-BP and 2D-MCCM

In response to the large size of remote sensing images and the limitations of existing image compression and encryption algorithms, this paper proposes a novel compression and encryption algorithm. The proposed algorithm utilizes a new type of memristive chaotic mapping in combination with PSO-BP neural networks and multi-threaded parallelism. Specifically, the proposed novel two-dimensional memristive chaotic mapping involves a combination of new memristors based on HP memristors and Cubic chaotic mapping. Compared to existing chaotic systems, this method exhibits stronger randomness and hyperchaotic characteristics. Additionally, to improve the reconstruction accuracy of compressed images, a traditional BP neural network with an added hidden layer is combined with the PSO algorithm for image compression and reconstruction. Furthermore, to enhance the encryption efficiency of remote sensing images, a multi-threaded parallel encryption method is employed, enabling simultaneous permutation within and among threads. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves good compression reconstruction accuracy, excellent encryption performance, and resistance to attacks.

A quantum image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system and Rubik’s cube principle

A quantum image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system and Rubik’s cube principle

Highly compressed image encryption algorithm via fractal and semi-tensor product compressed sensing

Highly compressed image encryption algorithm via fractal and semi-tensor product compressed sensing

A novel color image encryption method using Fibonacci transformation and chaotic systems

INTRODUCTION: With the rapid increase in network information data, the protection of image data has become a challenging task, where image encryption technology can play an important role. This paper studies color image encryption algorithms and proposes a novel method for color image encryption to enhance the security and effectiveness of image encryption.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to effectively integrate different channel information of color images, thereby improving the effect of pixel decomposition based image encryption algorithm. Different indicators are used to analyze the effect of image encryption, and it is also compared with existing image encryption algorithms.METHODS: Initially, through pixel decomposition, the pixel values of the R, G, B channels of the color image, each with a depth of 8 bits, are decomposed into two integers between 0-15 and combined into a new data matrix. Then, multiple rounds of scrambling are performed on the transformed matrix. Next, the Fibonacci transformation matrix is applied to the scanned matrix to further change the values of its elements. Finally, XOR diffusion operation is carried out to obtain the encrypted image.RESULTS: Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves relatively good results in multiple image encryption indicator tests. The algorithm not only inherits the advantages of existing image encryption but also effectively integrates the information of each channel of the color image, providing better security.CONCLUSION: This study further proves the effectiveness of image encryption algorithms based on pixel decomposition and provides a new idea for better color image encryption algorithms, which is expected to be applied to other issues such as information hiding and data protection.

Block Cipher Nonlinear Component Generation via Hybrid Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence for Image Encryption

To analyze the security of encryption, an effectual encryption scheme based on colored images utilizing the hybrid pseudo-random binary sequence (HPRBS) and substitution boxes, known as S-boxes, is proposed. The presented work aims to design S-boxes using pseudo-random binary numbers acquired by Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) in combination with a modified quadratic chaotic map. Firstly, cryptographically robust S-boxes are constructed by using binary pseudo-random number sequences, and then the cryptographic properties of the presented S-boxes are tested. The suggested S-boxes showed good results. Secondly, an RGB image encryption algorithm utilizing sequences generated by modified quadratic chaotic maps and S-boxes is offered. The new color image encryption techniques comprise two steps, including a permutation and a substitution step. The key association with the content of the image is also addressed. This strategy can result in a “one-time pad” effect and make the algorithm resistant to chosen-plaintext attack (CPA). The proposed scheme has been confirmed to be more valuable than most of the existing schemes. S-boxes are analyzed by the nonlinearity test, bit independence criterion (BIC), linear and differential approximation probabilities (LPs; DPs), and Strict-Avalanche Criterion (SAC) tests. A comparison with different S-boxes presented in the literature is also carried out. The comparison shows encouraging results about the quality of the proposed box. From security and experimental outcomes, the effectiveness of the presented color image encryption technique is verified. The proposed scheme has evident efficiency benefits, which implies that the proposed colored encryption of the image scheme has better potential for application in encryption schemes in real-time.