Image Analysis Of Photographs Research Articles

Information in the Shroud of Turin About Its Variable Molecular Properties

Three earlier papers on the Shroud of Turin showed that ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVIF) intensity is non-uniform over the surface of the Shroud. These intensity results were based on an analysis of UVIF photographic images taken in 1978 as part of a scientific investigation of the Shroud. In this paper the statistical technique, principal component analysis (PCA), is used to analyze the information present in the UVIF images. It is shown that the vast majority of information in the UVIF Shroud images is contained in their International Commission on Illumination (CIE Lab) image intensity. Differences in UVIF intensity indicate differences in the Shroud’s molecular properties. Such differences can be due to differences in molecular structure, contamination, and burned regions. Fluorescence spectral results published as part of the same 1978 scientific study confirm the intensity variation with position of the UVIF images. These spectral fluorescence results are discussed in detail. The combined photographs and spectral results demonstrate that color contributes relatively little to the information in the UVIF images. One possible cause of the variation of UVIF intensity, namely neutron radiation, is briefly discussed. Charred Shroud material, collected during its cleaning in 2002, can be used to assess whether the Shroud was exposed to neutron radiation. Such testing would be completely non-destructive to the Shroud. New UVIF photographs need to be taken to validate the results discussed in this paper.

Photographic image analysis methods

Photographic image analysis methods

Identifying freshness of various chilled pork cuts using rapid imaging analysis.

Determining the freshness of chilled pork is of paramount importance to consumers worldwide. Established freshness indicators such as total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen and pH are destructive and time-consuming. Color change in chilled pork is also associated with freshness. However, traditional detection methods using handheld colorimeters are expensive, inconvenient and prone to limitations in accuracy. Substantial progress has been made in methods for pork preservation and freshness evaluation. However, traditional methods often necessitate expensive equipment or specialized expertise, restricting their accessibility to general consumers and small-scale traders. Therefore, developing a user-friendly, rapid and economical method is of particular importance. This study conducted image analysis of photographs captured by smartphone cameras of chilled pork stored at 4 °C for 7 days. The analysis tracked color changes, which were then used to develop predictive models for freshness indicators. Compared to handheld colorimeters, smartphone image analysis demonstrated superior stability and accuracy in color data acquisition. Machine learning regression models, particularly the random forest and decision tree models, achieved prediction accuracies of more than 80% and 90%, respectively. Our study provides a feasible and practical non-destructive approach to determining the freshness of chilled pork. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determinants of Human Asymmetry: Does Asymmetrical Retinal Vasculature Predict Asymmetry Elsewhere in the Body?

The aim of this study was to explore retinal vasculature asymmetry (ReVA) patterns in subjects from the islands of Vis and Korcula and the city of Split, Croatia. Asymmetry estimates were based on topographic image analysis of non-mydriatic retinal fundus photographs and compared with nine ophthalmic measurements, three Doppler-based pressure indices and eight frequencies of audiometry. ReVA was also correlated to the genomic runs of homozygosity (ROHs) and used in a Cox regression survival model, where we adjusted for the effects of sex, age and comorbidity. In 1873 subjects, ReVA estimates were significantly correlated with most ophthalmic asymmetry measures, less strongly with the ankle-brachial pressure index and only modestly with higher-amplitude audiometry asymmetries (lowest p = 0.020). ReVA was significantly correlated with the number of ROHs (r = 0.229, p < 0.001) but less strongly with the ROH length (r = 0.101, p < 0.001). The overlap of asymmetries was low, with only 107 subjects (5.7% of the total sample) who had two or more instances in which they were among the top 10%. Multiple asymmetries did not affect survival (HR = 0.74, 95% confidence intervals 0.45-1.22). Retinal vasculature asymmetry is a poor predictor of asymmetry elsewhere in the body. Despite its existence and apparent association with comorbidities, the observed extent of retinal vasculature asymmetry did not affect the lifespan in this population.

КОМПЛЕКСНІ ОНТОЛОГІЧНІ ТА НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВІ МОДЕЛІ ФОТОГРАФІЧНИХ ОБРАЗІВ

This article explores an innovative approach to developing computer vision systems, based on the deep integration of complex ontological and neural network models for effective analysis of photographic images. This work proposes a novel hybrid method in the context of contemporary challenges associated with image recognition, such as a high diversity of classes and problems with the occlusion of objects in low-quality photos. This method provides computer vision models with a deeper understanding of the context and semantics of images, utilizing ontological structures to represent visual content. The analytical process includes the identification of key objects in the image and the determination of their ontological context, allowing neural networks to effectively perform a gradient transformation of the input data for more accurate recognition and classification. The proposed model demonstrates the potential for gaining an advantage over traditional methods in computer vision tasks, opening new possibilities for expanding computer vision applications in scientific, industrial, and domestic spheres.

RAPID OPTIMIZATION OF DISINFECTANTS BY PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE-BASED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) introduced the need for the development and optimization of new alcohol-water based disinfectant formulations. Moreover, the limited supply chain of traditional active ingredients such as ethanol (EtOH) has excessively increased the base formula cost, thus, novel platforms are needed to design new strategies for disinfectant development. In this work, we devise a novel quantification method of disinfectant turbidity and foam thickness based on photographic image analysis of disinfectant to optimize formula preparation, which improves critical physicochemical parameters related to colloidal stability. Next, the numerical data obtained from the pixel photograph's values were ordered by applying a 24 factorial design, considering each disinfectant ingredient, followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and counter with contour and surface plots, respectively. Furthermore, our novel method was validated using a linear regression test, consequently outlining the method's error value. Our results suggest that the photographic image analysis supported by the statistical model correlated satisfactorily with the real physicochemical behavior of disinfectant, showing that the EtOH-H2O system plays a crucial role in turbidity and foam height control. In addition, we predicted by Minitab Optimizer Tool the physicochemical and aesthetic conditions of the disinfectant, having an error of 5%. Our current approach opens up a novel path to incorporate novel active ingredients for a rapid formulation and potentially scalable method to fabricate disinfectants. Keywords: image analysis, factorial design, disinfectant, foaming, active ingredients, optimization

The Structure of Beauty: Informal Green Spaces in Their Users’ Eyes

Informal Green Spaces (IGS) in towns and cities are areas of varied appearance, representing a wide range of aesthetic values. In this study, we have focused on how users perceive such space and which elements match some particular values. Based on the analysis of photographic images taken by chosen IGS visitors, the technique called Visitor-Employed Photography (VEP), we elicited three primary groups of IGS images, namely landscape, scenery, and special elements. It is possible to define several visual structures in each category, with highly preferable spatial fragments and particular attributes. They are aesthetic prototypes, centers of aesthetic preferences among users of informal green areas. Recognizing proximity to the preference core allows us to define the preferred IGS landscape aesthetics. Based on the data collected, we have concluded that IGS users prefer vast grass areas, dense groups of trees and shrubs, water, and the absence of anthropogenic elements.

Initial nipple damages in breastfeeding women: analysis of photographic images and clinical associations

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o grau de comprometimento tecidual das lesões mamilares precoces decorrentes da amamentação e associar achados com as manifestações clínicas de mulheres em amamentação. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, transversal, envolvendo o uso de dados primários e de banco de imagens fotográficas provenientes de dois ensaios clínicos randomizados. Imagens fotográficas foram analisadas por duas avaliadoras independentes a partir do instrumento Nipple Trauma Score. Para análise, aplicou-se os testes Qui-Quadrado, Mann-Whitney e coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: foram analisadas 115 lactantes e respectivas 186 imagens fotográficas. O grau de concordância das avaliadoras pelo instrumento Nipple Trauma Score foi de 93,6%. O nível de dor mamilar encontrado durante as mamadas é moderado e há presença de lesões mamilares com mais de 25% de área da superfície do mamilo comprometida. Conclusões: a assistência a mulheres que amamentam deve priorizar o nível de dor apresentado em detrimento do tamanho da lesão mamilar.

Evolution in Latvian Contemporary Architecture: Thirty Years of the Latvian Architecture Award

Abstract This study examines the evolution of contemporary Latvian architecture by analysing the Latvian Architecture Award Grand Prix-winning works from 1995 to 2024. Using the Davos Baukultur Quality System (DBQS) as an analytical framework, the research integrates discourse analysis of jury statements and architects’ narratives with image analysis of architectural drawings and photographs. The study identifies 44 design issues across eight criteria – governance, functionality, environment, economy, diversity, context, sense of place, and beauty – demonstrating the shift in architectural priorities over time. Notably, functionality and aesthetics dominated early discussions, while later projects increasingly emphasized sustainability, cultural identity, and social inclusion. The introduction of the DBQS in 2021 marked a significant period, with projects showing heightened attention to community engagement and environmental challenges. This analysis highlights Latvian architecture’s dynamic engagement with cultural, social, and environmental concerns, offering significant insights into contemporary architecture’s evolving professional and societal role through the lens of the Latvian Architecture Award.

Quality Control of Hidden Construction Work Using Photographs Attached to Inspection Reports

Introduction. In construction production the problem of increasing the reliability of information contained in the certificates of inspection of concealed works is more and more often solved with the help of their photofixation. Based on the results of earlier studies, the authors prove that using the diagnostic informativeness of photographs it is possible not only to confirm the fact of execution of concealed works in the required volume, but also to obtain additional information about their quality. For effective extraction of this information it is necessary to develop a method of quality control of hidden construction works on the basis of photographs attached to the inspection certificates, taking into account modern scientific achievements in the field of photogrammetry and color-texture analysis of photographic images.Materials and Methods. The developed method of quality control of hidden construction work is based on the use of contour, pixel, macro- and micro-texture analysis of photographic images. When developing the method, the results of numerous visual inspections of building structures (including the opening of their internal elements) and comparison of these results with the information contained in the certificates of certification of concealed works were used.Results. The article presents the results of a study carried out at the Don State Technical University on the development of a method for quality control of hidden construction work using photographs attached to inspection reports. The algorithms developed by the authors for analyzing photographs of building structures to control their quality are presented. The article contains proposals for the systematization and storage of typical textures of surfaces of building structures.Discussion and Conclusion. The priority condition for successful application of the new method of quality control of concealed construction works is its methodological support, which establishes a unified procedure for their photo fixation, additional requirements for the composition and parameters of photographs, rules of registration, storage and use of them as annexes to certificates of inspection of concealed construction works, as well as the regulations for comprehensive analysis of photographs with the use of appropriate software.

Splatter generated by oral surgery irrigation and its implication for infection control.

This study aimed to evaluate the splatter contamination generated by rotary instrumentation and irrigation during simulations of surgical extractions. Specifically, comparisons of the splatters generated were made between traditional assistant-based irrigation and self-irrigating drills and between saline and hydrogen peroxide irrigant. A fluorescein solution was infiltrated into the irrigation system of high-speed drills, and the surgical extraction procedures were performed on manikins with the typodont teeth. Filter papers were placed at the predetermined locations around the operatory to absorb the fluorescein splatters; these samples underwent photographic image analysis. The patient chest showed the largest area of splatters, followed by the assistant's face shield. Procedures using the hydrogen peroxide irrigant generated a larger area of splatter than those using the saline irrigant. There was no difference between the splatters produced by assistant irrigation and self-irrigating drill procedures. Clinicians should observe and disinfect the locations contaminated by splatters to prevent the spread of infection, since using alternative irrigant or irrigation methods did not reduce the formation of splatters. Oral surgery drills with irrigation generate aerosols and splatters, which have potential to spread airborne pathogens. It is important to understand the patterns of splatters to mitigate contamination.

CCOMPARISON OF PHOTOCEPHALOMETRY METHODS IN RHINOPLASTY

Cephalometric measurements are widely used and essential when planning rhinoplasty and other surgical and non-surgical facial interventions. They provide measurements and simulations, which are extremely useful both for more iterative communication with the patient, as well as for more accurate planning of surgical techniques and maneuvers to be used during surgery. Despite its importance in facial aesthetic evaluation, the different forms of implementation often generate misunderstanding by professionals when planning and simulating images because they suffer from slight distortions in relation to the real measurement. The main objective of the present study was to compare three measuring instruments used in the facial surgeon’s clinical practice: rigid ruler (RR), millimeter glasses (MG), and millimeter adhesive tape (MAT), evaluating whether there would be a difference between the measurements obtained by each of them in the analysis of digital photographic images. It was observed that in the profile view all the instruments used presented significantly different measurements from each other, and something similar was verified in the frontal view when comparing MG and MAT with RR. It was evident that the use of these widely disseminated objects, despite initially appearing useful, can bring different values to each other, eventually leading to inaccurate measurements, planning, and simulations. New studies are necessary to elucidate which of the methodologies would be the most appropriate for estimating real measurements.

Theoretically derived pore geometry in carbonates using the extended biot theory

Theoretically derived pore geometry in carbonates using the extended biot theory

75 Tranexamic Acid Reduces Burn Wound Conversion and Lung Inflammation in a Murine Comb Burn Model

Abstract Introduction Burn wound conversion is a process where superficial partial thickness burns convert into deep partial and even full thickness burn injuries. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of this phenomenon is poorly understood. A therapeutic intervention that may prevent secondary progression and cell death in burn-injured tissue is desirable. Recent work by our group has established that tranexamic acid (TXA) has significant anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its well-known anti-fibrinolytic effects. This study investigates tranexamic acid as a novel therapeutic treatment to mitigate burn wound conversion and reduce systemic inflammation. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a hot comb burn contact injury using a 150-g brass comb preheated to 100°C, to create four rectangular burns, separated by three unburned interspaces. A subset of animals underwent the comb burn injury with an adjacent 30% TBSA contact injury using solid brass rods. The interspaces represent the ischemic zones simulating the zone of stasis. The treatment group received IP injection of TXA (100mg/kg) immediately after injury and once daily until sacrifice. Sham animals underwent an identical procedure, with application of a room temperature comb. Animals were sacrificed at 6hrs and 7-day time points post-injury. Photo images were obtained of the comb burn injury. Full-thickness biopsies from the ischemic zones and lung tissue were assessed with established histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. Results At 7-days post injury, the percentage of ischemic zones with necrosis was significantly reduced in the treatment group when compared with untreated burn controls by photographic image analysis. When compared with controls, the treatment groups had significantly less progression of ischemic zones to necrosis when assessed by standard microscopy. These findings were consistent in both the comb burn only and comb burn + 30%TBSA injury models. The TXA treatment group demonstrated significantly more expression of the regeneration marker (CTHRC-1) and a trend toward increased expression of the Ki-67 proliferation marker when compared to untreated burn group. At 6 hours post-injury, TXA significantly decreased infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs for the 30%TBSA burn injury model. Furthermore, systemic levels of mitochondrial DNA, IL-1α and TNFα were significantly lower in TXA treated animals when compared to untreated burn controls. Conclusions Animals treated with tranexamic acid demonstrated reduced burn wound conversion and decreased burn-induced SIRS response. Lung inflammation was also significantly reduced by administration of TXA after injury. Applicability of Research to Practice Tranexamic acid and agents with similar mechanisms of action may provide a treatment to reduce burn wound conversion. This therapy could be easily incorporated into standard acute burn care practices.

A fully-automatic semi-supervised deep learning model for difficult airway assessment

Difficult airway conditions represent a substantial challenge for clinicians. Predicting such conditions is essential for subsequent treatment planning, but the reported diagnostic accuracies are still quite low. To overcome these challenges, we developed a rapid, non-invasive, cost-effective, and highly-accurate deep-learning approach to identify difficult airway conditions through photographic image analysis. For each of 1000 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, images were captured from 9 specific and different viewpoints. The collected image set was divided into training and testing subsets in the ratio of 8:2. We used a semi-supervised deep-learning method to train and test an AI model for difficult airway prediction. We trained our semi-supervised deep-learning model using only 30% of the labeled training samples (with the remaining 70% used without labels). We evaluated the model performance using metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The numerical values of these four metrics were found to be 90.00%, 89.58%, 90.13%, 81.13%, and 0.9435, respectively. For a fully-supervised learning scheme (with 100% of the labeled training samples used for model training), the corresponding values were 90.50%, 91.67%, 90.13%, 82.25%, and 0.9457, respectively. When three professional anesthesiologists conducted comprehensive evaluation, the corresponding results were 91.00%, 91.67%, 90.79%, 83.26%, and 0.9497, respectively. It can be seen that the semi-supervised deep learning model trained by us with only 30% labeled samples can achieve a comparable effect with the fully supervised learning model, but the sample labeling cost is smaller. Our method can achieve a good balance between performance and cost. At the same time, the results of the semi-supervised model trained with only 30% labeled samples were very close to the performance of human experts. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one to apply a semi-supervised deep-learning method in order to identify the difficulties of both mask ventilation and intubation. Our AI-based image analysis system can be used as an effective tool to identify patients with difficult airway conditions. ChiCTR2100049879 (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn).

A New Method to Easily Assess Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activity of Ultraviolet Radiation Using Quantitative Image Analysis.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can elicit both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity depending on light parameters and targeted bacteria. Current methods based on bacterial growth on solid medium allow measurement of only bactericidal but not bacteriostatic activity, while liquid cultures exhibit low light penetration. Here, we propose a method to quantify both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of radiation based on (a) bacterial cultures on solid medium, (b) acquisition and quantitative analysis of photographic images of plates containing bacterial colonies, (c) application of two mathematical equations to evaluate bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The proposed method considers the differences in growth on test and control (unexposed) plates. The measurements performed on the plates image are the independent variables of the mathematical equations returning the values of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. Experimentally, a test was performed using Escherichia coli grown on a solid medium and exposed to UVA (365 nm) radiation. The standard method allowed quantifying bactericidal activity and evaluating only qualitatively bacteriostatic activity of the radiation. Differently, the new method here proposed allowed quantification of both activities. The proposed method proved to be simple, enabling deep assessment of the antibacterial effects of UV radiation directly on the solid medium through image acquisition and analysis.

Influence of environmental factors on facial pigmented spots: Epidemiological survey of women living in the northern and southern regions of Japan.

Several epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between environmental factors (including chronic sun exposure) and clinical signs of pigmented spots. However, no quantitative analysis has focused on the adverse effects of the detailed features of pigmented spots, including their color intensity, size, and number on the cheek. This study was performed to elucidate the adverse effects of environmental factors on clinical signs of pigmented spots. We conducted an epidemiological survey of 102 Japanese women in 2 regions of high and low sun exposure (southern and northern regions, respectively). Using image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, and total number on the cheek. Each indicator was then compared between the groups. For the number of pigmented spots on the cheek, the age-related increase curve showed a large slope in the southern group. For the size of pigmented spots, no significant difference was found between the two groups, and large pigmented spots were observed on the cheek even in the northern group. For the color intensity of the spots, the southern group showed a marked age-related change; among older subjects, the pigmented spots were significantly darker in the southern than northern group. Our results may indicate that environmental factors, including chronic exposure to sunlight, mainly increase the number of pigmented spots and darkening of these spots. However, the occurrence of large pigmented spots may be related to intrinsic factors represented by heredity rather than environmental factors.

Investigation of the Accuracy of Spatial Data of the GRPK Building Layer in the Territory of Lithuania

Spatial data is constantly evolving, and the accuracy of spatial data is constantly changing. The latest GRPK and orthophotographic map were used in the study. Accuracy is also affected by technological advances, which are driven by improvements in working methods, which include the development of work tools and the development of data sets that contain structured data. The data contained in the data sets are determined by a variety of methods, such as field measurements (GPNS receiver or tacheometer) and analysis of digital photographic images, which are determined using aircraft or satellite systems. The determined data is processed with the help of specialized software, which is selected depending on its functionality and capabilities, and with the help of which the determined data is processed as accurately as possible. Accurate spatial data in densely populated areas makes it easier to carry out planning and design work correctly. The study is performed to determine the accuracy of the coordinates of the selected structures using remote methods. The more similar studies are conducted, the more confident the GRPK data generated remotely will be of the required accuracy, reliability, and applicability to planning, forecasting, and other important tasks. The article compares geodetic measurements and GRPK data and geodetic measurements and ORT10LT data, identifies coordinate differences, the size of the discrepancy and its average, and calculates the root mean square error. The object of the research is spatial and cartographic data of different buildings. The aim of the research is to determine and evaluate the accuracy of the coordinates obtained using remote sensing methods.

In Search of a Professional Identity: An Analysis of Photographic and Illustrative Images of Nurses in Japan.

Purpose: Inaccurate portrayals of nurses and their roles in the media contribute to misleading public stereotypes that negatively affect the status and value of nurses. This study aims to clarify how nurses are portrayed visually on the Internet in Japan and what these images suggest about the role, value, and professional status of nurses in Japan. Methods: A descriptive mixed methods study: Forty photographs of nurses and 40 illustrations of nurses were analysed to make judgments about consistency with a contemporary profile that informs guidelines for professional education and practice.Results: Over three quarters (77.5%) of the images showed only female nurses and 55% were depicted smiling politely. None of the images depicted nurses engaged in high level care consistent with that of a professional dealing with typical contemporary client/patient needs. Conclusion: Our study suggests that in common with overseas research, nurses were predominantly being portrayed as feminine and caring but not as professionals capable of independent practice. Although representations were usually positive, the depictions were not entirely accurate, and this was more evident in the illustrations. Imagery can have a profound effect on ideas, attitudes and behavior; it is imperative that nurses are depicted as appropriately educated professionals and that stereotypes such as nurses being young, subservient, and female should be challenged.

Epidemiological survey of the quantity and anatomical position of facial pigmented spots in relation to age in 454 Japanese women.

Facial pigmented spots are one of the phenotypes of skin aging, but no quantitative analysis of spot features such as color intensity, size, anatomical position, and number on the cheek has yet been performed. In the current study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of 454 Japanese women in their 20s to 70s and analyzed age-related changes and site differences of facial pigmented spots. Using image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, 4912 individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, anatomical position, and total number on the cheek. As a result of color analysis, the color intensity of individual pigmented spots increased with aging, significantly so between ages 30s and 50s. The age-related increase in melanin index of facial spots was confirmed in all sites but did not significantly differ between facial subregions. Regarding the size of pigmented spots, the frequency of large spots increased with age, and large spots were detected in all facial sites. The total number of pigmented spots on the entire cheek increased with aging, significantly so between the 20s and 40s. The number of pigmented spots tended to increase from the region near the canthi to the lower cheeks. The number of spots was markedly increased in the buccal regions compared with the infraorbital and zygomatic regions. The data and methodology presented in the current study can link the state of facial pigmentation with the various factors involved in the histological development of pigmented spots, opening new possibilities in the fields of skin pharmacology and dermatology.