Illite Research Articles

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON WEATHERING PROCESS IN CASEY STATION, EAST ANTARCTIC

The chief aim of this preliminary work is to investigate the weathering process of the bed rock and moraine in Antarctic by the method of sedimentology. Microfractures, the depth of which is less than 1 cm, and macrofissures are formed through frost weathering process. The chemical composition of the weathering products are observably related to their size due to migration process. Weathering materials are relatively rich in rare-earth elements of Ce family. Weathering clay minerals are mainly illite hydromica which can considerably absorb the elements of Ti, K, Cs, Rb, Sc, Sb, As and Fe. The weathering crust of the bed rock has hardly any CaCO_3 component, it belongs to primigenial debris weathering crust, with only a slight As pollution.

PHENOMENON OF LEFT-RIGHT SHIFTS OF S-SHAPED CURVE——THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATTER ON THE CURVES OF ION EXCHANGE pH RANGE

This paper deals with the effect of amino acid and humic acid on the ion exchange ratio (%)-pHS-shaped curves of the interactions between Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and clays. The main results are: (i) Withthe increase of concentration of organic matters, S-shaped curve moves first to the left and then to theright, and △pH-(sh(L)) has a linear relationship with log (OB) m . (ii) With the extent of a certain amountof organic matter, the sequence of △pH-(sh(L)) of heavy metals is Cu Pb Zn Cd, △pH-(sh(L)) has a linearrelationship with Iog K OA . (iii) With the existence of different amino acids, the relationship between△pH-(sh(L)) of S-shaped curves of interaction between Cu and illite and Iog K OA for Cu and various aminoacids are linear. (iv) Quantitative explanations regarding the experimental phenomenon mentioned abovecan be written as the following equation: pH_((CIER))=-1/m{log[(α 1 K OA α 2 (OB m ))/K R B m )]?2}.(v) Discussion of the phenomenon of left-right shifts of S-shaped curve in terms of reaction mechanismhas been presented in this paper.

Reply to the comments on the evolution of illite to muscovite by J.R. Glasmann

Reply to the comments on the evolution of illite to muscovite by J.R. Glasmann

Settling velocity, diameter, and density for flocs of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite : Gibbs, R J J Sediment Petrol V55, N1, Jan 1985, P65–68

Settling velocity, diameter, and density for flocs of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite : Gibbs, R J J Sediment Petrol V55, N1, Jan 1985, P65–68

CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE EUREKA SOUND AND BEAUFORT FORMATIONS, AXEL HEIBERG AND WEST CENTRAL ELLESMERE ISLANDS, EASTERN CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO

ABSTRACT In the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of the Eureka Sound and Beaufort Formations on Axel Heiberg and west central Ellesmere Islands, kaolinite and illite are the dominant clay minerals, with minor to major amounts of smectite and random mixed-layers, and trace amounts of vermiculite and chlorite. Smectite and associated mixed-layers in the basal Eureka Sound Formation formed by in situ alteration of volcaniclastic material, whereas mixed-layers in the deltaic-alluvial deposits probably result from in situ paleosol formation. These strata are a likely source rock for the younger Tertiary and Quaternary Arctic Ocean sediments.

Shearing strengths of kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite : 11F, 2T, 32R. J. GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV. ASCE, V100, GT11, NOV. 1974, P1215–1229

Shearing strengths of kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite : 11F, 2T, 32R. J. GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV. ASCE, V100, GT11, NOV. 1974, P1215–1229

Stratigraphy, Age, and Interregional Correlation of the Exshaw Formation, Alberta Rocky Mountains

ABSTRACT The Exshaw Formation of the Alberta Rocky Mountains and foothills consists of a lower, black shale unit and an upper, siltstone unit, which are separated by a gradational contact. At the type section on Jura Creek, near Exshaw, Alberta, the upper contact of the Exshaw is redefined so that the formation includes all, rather than merely the lower part, of an unbroken sequence of dark-yellowish orange-weathering calcareous siltstone. At the type section, the black shale unit is 33 ft thick and the siltstone unit 127 ft. X-ray diffraction data from the type section indicate that the shale is composed mostly of quartz and contains only minor amounts of illite, feldspar, and carbonates. The siltstone has considerably more calcite and dolomite than most of the shale. Throughout its area of outcrop, the Exshaw unconformably overlies limestones of the Devonian Palliser Formation, and is sharply (disconformably?) overlain by shales at the base of the Mississippian Banff Formation. The silts and clays, and some of the carbonaceous material in the black shale unit, were probably derived from soils and deposited in shallow-marine, euxinic lagoons. The siltstone unit was deposited in a regressive, marginal-marine environment of widespread, well-oxygenated tidal flats. Physical continuity is demonstrated between the Exshaw Formation and a) the lower two members of the Bakken Formation in the subsurface of southeastern Alberta and Saskatchewan, b) the Sappington Member of the Three Forks Formation in Montana. Conodont evidence from the Exshaw Formation and circumstantial conodont and spore evidence from the Sappington Member and Bakken Formation show the age of the Exshaw to be Devonian and Mississippian. The systemic boundary is probably positioned near the middle of the black shale unit. Evidence previously cited for the age of the Exshaw at Crowsnest Pass is shown to be more pertinent to the age of the overlying Banff Formation. End_Page 32-------------------------

Petrology and Mineralogy of Watt Mountain Formation, Mitsue-Nipisi Area, Alberta

ABSTRACT The Middle Devonian Watt Mountain Formation and its Gilwood Sandstone Member are described from cores of twelve wells in the Mitsue area and two in the Nipisi area. The formation consists of interbedded sandstone and mudstone, with a dolomite unit near the base. Sandstone petrography was studied in twenty-eight thin sections, and mudstone mineralogy in ten samples by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The Gilwood Sandstone Member is a poorly to moderately well sorted, mainly feldspathic sandstone in the Mitsue area and an arkose in the Nipisi area. The primary cement is carbonate, which partly replaces the matrix, and which is in turn partly replaced by anhydrite. The brown to green mudstones of the Watt Mountain Formation consist mainly of quartz, dolomite, feldspar, illite, chlorite, and minor amounts of anhydrite. The colour is not related to iron content but probably is related to the oxidation state of the iron. The composition of the Gilwood Sandstone indicates that the source area was primarily an igneous-metamorphic terrain, most probably the Peace River high. The environment of deposition of the Watt Mountain Formation in the study-area was near-shore, deltaic or coastal plain, probably ranging from shallow-marine to continental. Differences in the composition of the Gilwood Sandstone between the Mitsue and Nipisi areas are probably due to different distances of transport and to slightly different environments of deposition.

Illite

Illite

Bonding of Hydrogen in Hydrogen Montmorillonite

RESEARCH concerning bonding conditions for tritium and deuterium in micaceous minerals, as formerly mentioned by us1, indicated the presence of apical OH in di-octahedral hydro micas. Burns and White2 conclude from infra-red examination after hydrogen saturation and heating of LiNO3-treated muscovite that hydronium ions H3O+ replace interlayer cations, giving rise to an infrared absorption band at considerable bathochromic shift from the normal OH band of the mica (3,472 cm−1 respectively 3,600 cm−1). In order to elucidate the bonding problem of the protons of hydrogen micas we have examined the very pure dioctahedral montmorillonite from Skyrvedalen, already described by one of us (I. Th. R.)3. As acid treatment tends to attack the silicate lattice we have obtained the desired hydrogen-substituted minerals by introduction of NH4+ in the exchangeable positions and subsequent dissociation of NH3 by heat treatment.

Kaolin in North Carolina, with a brief note on hydromica

Kaolin in North Carolina, with a brief note on hydromica

On a hydromica from New Jersey

On a hydromica from New Jersey