Drug Smuggling Research Articles

P4GN Facilitation In North Aceh District (a Study on The Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 12 of 2019)

The problem of abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics every year is increasing, making the government and law enforcement have difficulty in overcoming it. This research was conducted in North Aceh Regency which was motivated by the problem of still high cases of narcotics abuse, and most recently, on September 16, 2022, the North Aceh Police again failed to smuggle and distribute 20 packs of methamphetamine (21,400 gr/gross) and ecstasy pills (163,000 pills with a total weight of 32,600 gr/gross). The purpose of this study is to find out how to implement the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs number 12 of 2019 concerning the facilitation of the prevention and eradication of abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics and narcotics precursors (P4GN). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection is done by three techniques, namely observation (observation), interview (interview), documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of Permendagri Number 12 of 2019 regarding P4GN facilitation has been running but has not been maximized. This is based on the preparation of regional regulations which have not yet been realized, as a result until now the action plans have only been studied. The socialization was carried out separately and not intensively between the local government of North Aceh, BNNK Lhokseumawe and the North Aceh Police. Socialization is done by means of seminars, dissemination and technical guidance. In mapping community empowerment, the North Aceh local government requires breakthroughs and innovations in drug control. For mapping the drug-prone areas, the results show that North Aceh Regency does not have an area that is free from drug abuse, in the sense that the zones mapped are mostly red and black.

Prevention of Criminal Acts of the Drug Trade Through the Internet Media Based on Positive Law in Indonesia

The era of Technology 4.0 triggers the emergence of a recent pattern in society known as the digital economy in the people's daily buying and selling process. The digital economy itself adopts the use of information and communication technology innovations that give rise to a variety of products, production processes and new services. Changes in the process of producing goods and distributing them become critically dependent on the use of information technology and electronic media. One of the goods that has experienced a shift in distribution is narcotics. Narcotics transactions are facilitated via online and payment via transfer, so that sellers and users do not need to meet face-to-face to conduct transactions. The legal vacuum of online narcotics transactions causes Indonesia to not yet have a complete and clear legal rule regarding the eradication of narcotics through cyberspace. This study aims to analyze the existing legal regulations in Indonesia for narcotics offenders and providers. Through this research, it is expected to obtain a legal vacuum in the narcotics trade through the internet and provide ideas and ideas to fill this void.

The Seduction of a Drug Mule: Drug Trafficking Among Female Offenders

This research examined how women are recruited into drug trafficking. Previous findings indicate that women are recruited into drug trafficking due to economic hardship. Data for this research study is taken from in-depth interviews with 13 female offenders incarcerated at the Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service. The findings in this study suggest women become involved in drug smuggling for reasons that are far more complex than simple financial need. Specifically, the majority of women fell prey, under the guise of friendship, to an unscrupulous individual, interested in furthering his or her cause. Under systems of patriarchy and capitalism, the findings from this study suggests that women became involved in drug trafficking because of how they are socialized.

A History of Opium Commodity Chains in Mexico, 1900–1950

Classic treatments of both the opium industry and the international drug trade tend to leave out Mexico’s opium production. Yet the industry, which emerged in the 1920s, both fulfilled U.S. demands and shaped the Mexican narcotics trade.

언론에 노출된 외국인 마약사범 사례 분석

The purpose of this paper is to examine the cases of rapidly increasing foreign drug offenders, identify their characteristics, and suggest the measures against the foreigner drug issues. This paper analyzed the recent foreign drug crimes covered in the media by referring to the preceding research, statistics on foreigner drug, and the crime of narcotics white paper. Among the recent increase in the crimes committed by foreigners, the foreign drug offenders are rising. These criminals are different from the existing drug-related crime in Korea. Instead, they commit new forms of drug-related crimes, such as production and distribution of the illicit drugs. This resulted in harming the title as “Drug-Free Country” and qualitatively changing the ecosystem in Korea. As a result, the foreign drug-related crimes showed characteristics of online SNS-based distribution, drug smuggling using international mail, distribution of new type of drug, popularization of drug offender, and increase in drug distribution at farming areas and manufacturing areas.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN NARCOTIC CRIMINAL CASES (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 203/PID.SUS/2019/PN.BLS.)

The problem of abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics in Indonesia is still exacerbated by the process of Law Enforcement, Eradication of distribution and circulation illegal narcotics in this country. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics has clearly and clearly stated that perpetrators of illicit trafficking of Narcotics (narcotics syndicates) are subject to death penalty. Death penalty is one of the oldest types of punishment, as old as mankind. Death penalty is also the most interesting form of punishment studied by experts because it has a high value of contradiction or conflict between those who agree with those who disagree. In the decision being reviewed, namely decision number 203/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Bls, that by taking into account, Article 114 paragraph (2) Jo. Article 132 paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code and other relevant laws and regulations, the Panel of Judges sentenced the Defendant Suci Ramadianto Als Suci Als Iir Bin Subandi with death penalty.

Ill-grounded hope and desperation as drivers of the consumption of disinformation.

The continued consumption of disinformation negatively affects the social order and public health. The lack of critical thinking and reflection are among the most commonly cited explanation for the continuous consumption of disinformation by individuals and society.1 This paper offers an alternative factor affecting the pervasive consumption of disinformation. It posits that ill-grounded hope amid public desperation drives the consumption of disinformation. In the USA, disinformation has led to the attack on Capitol Hill in January 2021, where protesters stormed the Congress in a bid to prevent the certification of Joe Biden’s election victory.1,2 In the Philippines, it has led to the killing of a former government official by a social media influencer.1,3 Wherein, the social media influencer expected the liberation of his town from decades of corruption, illegal drug trade and poor services by killing the official.1,3 Common to both events, the consumption of disinformation and their consequential actions were driven by hopes of fulfilling their aspirations and addressing the desperation of their social context. The protesters were desperate about the election results and, thereby, yielded to disinformation that offered them the hope of achieving their desired election results.2 Similarly, the social media influencer’s action was driven by unsubstantiated claims that the government official was involved in government corruption and poverty in his hometown.3

Healthcare Professionals in Kyrgyz Republic

The profession of healthcare involves a lot of specialization, aspects of exploration, a lot of effort hard work and determination. Healthcare becomes the most valuable profession al globally because it deals with the life and concerns of the livelihood, hence the hype is worth and has proved that a quality life with the healthy body requires a strong healthcare system that has the potential and a zeal to provide, reform and be active on social, economic, regional and global levels. It becomes a very crucial task to provide health Care to all in need with a proper communication with the health system norms rules and does keep a statistical data for research and to tackle the future needs, pandemics, endemics and creation of better preventions, treatments and management for patients from different regions, ages and of signified distress or commodities. Kyrgyzstan also has a healthcare system which is called as Kyrgyzstan Soviet system of free universal healthcare which provides a reasonable number of doctors assistance nurses with medical clinics hospitals to provide care and treatment to respective illness and maintain regional health in the regional population. As per the research is formed that is the compulsory social and medical insurance (CSSM) program which was established on January 2020 that lets an individual pay for certain medical expenses and regulate Health Care in the better quality has turned to be an interesting and a much better way for improvement of social economic status of the country and a step towards a better community Health. As per the capita gross, national income of Kyrgyzstan was 1,170 dollars in 2015 and human development in desk has classified it to a medium human development country shows lower-middle-income economy. So far, human immunodeficiency virus HIV virus had very low percentage of prevalence that is 830 cases were officially reported on 2006 of February but that but the real number was estimated to be 10 times more. One of the reasons for spread has been the prison population and narcotic trafficking, whereas cardiovascular and respiratory conditions stand first for the reason of morbidity in the society. However, the rate of maternal mortality was more than 15% in 2008, that signifies that gets done is under the ‘very bad’ category of right to reproductive health as the nation is fulfilling only 55% of expected. Therefore, adding up to the issues related to family and community illness and creating a challenge for the healthcare system.

Fine-grained classification of drug trafficking based on Instagram hashtags

Social networks have become important platforms for the marketing and sale of illicit drugs. Hashtags make it easier for users to engage in drug trafficking, further increasing the risk of drug abuse. However, there are significant challenges in the detection and management of drug trafficking activities. In addition, the rapid legalization of some drugs has required a fine-grained classification of drugs to distinguish them from those that are illegal. Motivated by these observations, in this paper, our aim is to develop a methodology using the latest advances in AI technology to classify hashtags from posts advertising illicit drugs for sale on social networks. We present a semi-supervised deep learning approach to classify hashtags from posts advertising illicit drugs. An elegant combination of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) allows us to analyze the characteristics (e.g., shipping region and platform self-regulation) of illegal drug trafficking. Our BERT+GCN model achieved the best performance with more than 75% accuracy compared to the other three baseline models. Then, fine-grained hashtags identified are applied to explore the characteristics of drug trafficking. Finally, we report our results for further exploration of shipping regions and self-regulation of drug trafficking on the platform in two analysis scenarios. Our developed approach has shown its effectiveness in detecting hashtags for different types of drugs from illegal drug sellers. Based on hashtag classification, we also provide two case studies that indicate that (1) there are differences in self-regulation for different types of drugs on social media, (2) there are regional differences in the demand for different types of drugs.

Law of the Sea: Consent of the Flag State and Jurisdiction of the Coastal State With Respect to Foreign Ships Engaged in Illicit Drug Trafficking at Sea

Law of the Sea: Consent of the Flag State and Jurisdiction of the Coastal State With Respect to Foreign Ships Engaged in Illicit Drug Trafficking at Sea

Kajian Hukum Penanganan Anak Yang Melakukan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the legal rules regarding the handling of children who commit criminal acts, the factors that cause narcotics abuse and the policies taken by the Directorate of Drug Investigation of the North Sumatra Regional Police in Handling children who abuse narcotics. This research relies on secondary data sources consisting of positive criminal law legislation in Indonesia, namely the Criminal Code, laws and regulations outside the Criminal Code relating to problems, the 2008 National Criminal Code Concept, the Child Criminal Justice System, various laws and regulations obtained from various countries as material for comparison as well as various opinions of legal experts that are closely related to this research. The results of the research state that the legal rules regarding the handling of children are regulated in the SPPA Law No. 11 of 2012, where in the law that the handling of children must prioritize the protection of children. The factors causing narcotics abuse by children in the Legal Area of the North Sumatra Regional Police are: lack of parental supervision, follow-up factors, intentionally being used by narcotics dealers, narcotics trafficking which is getting out of control until it is very close to the social environment of children. everyday life, as well as the lack of children's understanding of the dangers of narcotics. Policies for handling children who commit criminal acts of narcotics abuse in the North Sumatra Regional Police are guided by the SPPA Law No.11of2012.

Kualitas Kepemimpinan Nasional Dalam Mewujudkan Pemerintahan Yang Bersih Guna Tercapainya Tujuan Nasional

In the field of defense and security, the threat of disintegration, crime and the high quality and quantity, the spread of drug traficking and smuggling and illegal trade are difficult of eradicate. The condition of our nation is currently facing a very powerful test, not because it is only a multidimensional crisis, but also involves the loss of obedience, the role model of its leaders hopes that this nation will soon get candidates for national leaders who are not only strong leaders (Strong Leader) ad a fusion of manager character leaders (leaders) and statesmen (statesman) with international standards but also a personal "good leader: who has natioanlism insight.

TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) SEBAGAI TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

Human trafficking is one of the transnational crimes that is a threat to global security which is one type of transnational crime coupled with illicit drug trafficking, maritime piracy, arms smuggling, money laundering, terrorism, international banking crimes and cybercrimes. The forms of trafficking in persons are divided based on the purpose of delivery, based on the victim, and based on the form of exploitation. Because of the massiveness of this crime, the United Nations formulated a protocol called the Palermo Protocol. In Indonesia, there are also special regulations regarding the criminal act of trafficking in persons, namely Law Number 21 of 2007. Although there are already laws and regulations that regulate this crime, in fact it is still not able to provide a sense of justice as well as security and comfort for victims of the crime of trafficking in persons. Other legal protections are still needed for victims of this crime.

A global review of prison drug smuggling routes and trends in the usage of drugs in prisons

AbstractPrisoners have significantly greater levels of drug use than the general population, which is related to many adverse outcomes both during and post‐imprisonment. Reducing the availability of drugs in prison can lead to a reduction in the drug use of prisoners but requires knowledge of the different drug smuggling routes and the implementation of effective security measures. The main smuggling routes identified in the literature are through visitors; mail; prisoners on reception, remand, or work release; staff; and perimeter throwovers, but they differ between prisons depending on various contextual factors and security measures in place. Based on a total of 81 studies from 22 different countries, the average prevalence of drug use during incarceration is 32.0% with a range from 3.4% to 90%. The types of drugs used in prisons vary among geographical regions, countries, and even regions within countries. The most common drug reported to be used by prisoners in most studies was cannabis, except in South Asia and Scotland, where heroin was more prevalent. The drugs used in prison tend to reflect the prevalence of drugs in the local community, except where a drug has advantages unique to use in prison. It is vital to examine the prevalence of drug use and different types of drugs used during incarceration to help inform drug treatment services, assist prison staff in identifying potential drug use or intoxicated prisoners, and advise prisons about the most prevalent drug smuggling routes so new security measures can be considered.This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Drug Analysis Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances

Implementation of Policy for Prevention and Eradication of Abuse and Illegal Circulation of Drugs and Precursors (P4GN) at The National Narcotics Agency of Tangerang City Rehabilitation Section

Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs is one of the most pressing and complex problems, so it requires a comprehensive treatment. Many cases show how drugs have caused great losses, both in terms of material and non-material. The Prevention and Eradication of Illicit Narcotics Circulation and Abuse (P4GN) is a policy and strategy of the Indonesian government's to emphasize and protect the public from drug abuse and illicit trafficking. The National Narcotics Agency of Tangerang City is responsible for one of the tasks in the field of drug rehabilitation by increasing the capacity of medical and social rehabilitation institutions, both organized by the government and the community. Drug rehabilitation is the psychotherapeutic treatment given to drug addicts. It helps the patient to get rid of substance abuse as well as process abuse. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. To obtain data in accordance with the research focus, the research conducted interviews, observations and documentation. The results of this research showed the implementation has not been running optimally, there are several indicators that become obstacles in implementation, including limited resources, lack of communication between organizations that have not been intensely established, and have not fully matched the standards and objectives of the policy, and not fully involved formal or informal organizations. The supporting factors include the implementation of narcotics rehabilitation in accordance with the SOP, a positive response from the implementing agency, and the external environment (Economic, Social, Political) receiving a positive influence.

(Re)significations of the Cuiaba port landscape: Implementation of historic tourism

To speak about the quarter of Porto, in Cuiabá, is like tracing a bias in the history of Mato Grosso, which started there, in Porto Geral (General Port) at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Beyond the exponential historical value, the quarter has a proper dynamic, a psychosocial reality developed from the movement led by shipments and landings and, later, by the Fish Market that there is installed on behalf of the facility in the landing of fish, fruit and vegetables comings from "river down". This article focuses on the urban reality of the quarter that grew to the edge of Vila Real do Bom Jesus, with the proposal to discuss the abandonment allowed by the public power, one of the reasons for the exit of traditional families, who had left backward only huge houses, slowly invaded by prostitution, the allurement of children for sex and by the trafficking of narcotics. The proposal is to analyze the Docks Area, aiming to (re)signify it with an architectural revitalization of the neighborhood to meet, more specifically, the demand interested in historic tourism.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika

The circulation of narcotics in Indonesia has spread to various circles, not even a few children are victims of the narcotics circulation. The involvement of children as narcotics users and the involvement of children as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking, so that eradication and prevention must be carried out specifically and requires the involvement of various parties. In this study will discuss how the legal protection of children in narcotics crimes. The method used in this writing is normative juridical writing with a statutory approach and literature study. The results of the discussion obtained by children who are caught in the law or children in conflict with the law (ABH), especially the legal protection of children in narcotics crimes must be able to realize restorative justice with settlement efforts that prioritize the best interests of the child, with the aim of finding a fair legal settlement. as well as prioritizing the recovery of children's conditions and providing protection for the rights of children who are in conflict with the law so as to avoid handling that violates legal procedures during the criminal justice process. This is carried out based on the mandate of Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Law no. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection.

Electrochemical Methodologies for the Detection of Traditional and Emerging Illicit Drugs

Drug abuse and drug addiction is a multifaceted problem which has for a long time had far-reaching societal and physical consequences. In recent years, these negative effects have been further exacerbated by an increase in the production, trafficking and consumption of illicit drugs. Furthermore, the introduction of potent synthetic analogues and compounds known as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) to the illicit drug market and their rapid proliferation has lead to an unprecedented threat to public health and safety. As such, the necessity has grown for the development of robust screening methodologies for these compounds within forensic and clinical research. Electroanalytical chemistry has quickly become a popular and powerful tool to address such demands. Electrochemical sensors evade many of the pitfalls associated with conventional detection methods, allowing for exceptionally good analytical performance at minimal cost.Within this contribution we present the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as a novel screening methodology for the detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs), which are the most prevalent group of NPS currently being monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. AB-CHMICA, NE-CHMIMO, BB-22 and 5F-ADB-PINACA were all successfully detected at relevant concentrations using the developed screen-printed electrode ruthenium-based sensor. While in its infancy, these results show the potential of ECL as a screening methodology for SCs and leave much to be explored including its applicability to street and biological samples.Moreover, we aim to highlight the diversity of electrochemical techniques toward illicit drug detection via investigation into the use of wearable electrochemical sensors for the detection of traditional cannabinoids and benzodiazepines.

Evaluation of genetic markers for the analysis of THC levels of Cannabis sativa samples using principal component analysis – A preliminary study

Cannabis sativa is a worldwide commercial plant used for medicinal purposes, food and fiber production, and also as a recreational drug. Therefore, the identification and differentiation between legal and illegal C. sativa is of great importance for forensic investigations. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA), an exploratory data analysis technique, was tested to correlate the specific genotype with the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the samples. C. sativa samples were obtained from legal growers in Piedmont, Italy, and from illegal drug seizures in the Turin region. DNA was extracted, quantified, amplified with a 13-loci multiplex STR and finally analyzed with an automated sequencer. The results showed a trend in the analyzed samples as they differed by their THC content and allele profiles. PCA yielded two clusters of samples that differed by specific allele profiles and THC concentrations. Further validation studies are needed, but this study could provide a new approach to forensic investigation and be a valuable aid to law enforcement in significant marijuana seizures or in tracing illicit drug trafficking routes.

International Smuggling of Illicit Drugs by Body Concealment at a Tertiary Hospital in Istanbul.

Smuggling of illicit substances by internal concealment has recently become a preferred method of international drug trade. The drug carriers are known as body packers. This study aimed to assess the demographic features and outcomes of body packers admitted to a referral center in Istanbul. Data were retrospectively evaluated from January 2017 to December 2019 from suspected body packers who were referred to the emergency department of a tertiary-care university by Istanbul Airport narcotics police due to suspected concealment of illicit drugs. Eighty-one cases were identified and included in this study. Of these, 71 subjects were confirmed to be body packers by radiological methods. The 15 women and 56 men had a mean age of 35 years. The most common nationality of the body packers was Nigerian, followed by Turkish and South African. Cocaine was the most commonly smuggled packet, followed by hashish, and heroin. All body packers were conservatively managed using laxatives or watchful waiting. No cases required surgical retrieval of packets. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography are useful tools for the evaluation of suspected body packers. The use of improved packaging material by smugglers and complications due to surgery and endoscopy make the conservative approach preferred.