Illegal Online Research Articles

Analysis and Assessment of Legal Protection of The Community and Online Loan Debtors During The Covid 19 Pandemic

Online loans during the Covid 19 pandemic have caused serious problems because of the many threats, extortion and even leakage of personal data by illegal online loan companies. However, that doesn't mean that legal online loans don't have their own problems. The author then conducts research to understand the causes of this phenomenon from the point of view of normative juridical analysis. The results of the study show that the legal system in Indonesia does not provide adequate legal protection so that people are not encouraged or forced to apply for online loans. In addition, the legal protection system from the government to the community and online loan debtors has not been properly systemized.

Trust intermediary in a cryptomarket for illegal drugs

Abstract Cooperation without third-party enforcement is particularly puzzling in illicit online markets given the anonymity of online exchanges in the ‘dark web’ and the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers. Most of the literature investigates the effects of reputation systems on sales. Less is known about the role of (semi)institutionalized solutions to trust problems, such as the escrow service, which deposits payments for online purchases with the market platform and releases them only upon confirmation of the item delivery by a customer. We study the effect of such a trust intermediary on sales in a cryptomarket for illegal drugs. Using a large dataset of illegal online transactions, we estimate two sets of fixed effects models predicting the sellers’ choice to offer the trust intermediary and examine the effects of such a choice on sales. Our results indicate that the trust intermediary reduces online drug sales. We explain this finding by showing suggestive evidence that escrow may crowd out traders’ trust and reciprocity. Our findings have implications for theories of the role of institutions in online markets and offer policy recommendations for law enforcement agencies.

Online Loan Application against Islamic Sharia from the Informatics Aspect

In discussing social and organizational change, religion is one important aspect that is often overlooked despite its significant role in social life and society. Religion influences culture, customs, behavior, and communication. Several studies on the use of information technology based on religion have been carried out with a case study approach in areas such as education, economics, and health. However, none of them have incorporated the religious aspect in the application design. One of the information technology and economic products that is closely related to everyday life is online loan applications. Many studies have been conducted on online loan applications in terms of law, economics, and psychology, but they have not explored Islamic Sharia based on informatics aspects. As the main foundation for online loan applications, informatics should be the basis of studies used to consider making regulations for both general and Islamic Sharia. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of Islamic Sharia values in online loan applications related to the informatics aspect. Based on the laws of OJK (Financial Services Authority) and the fatwas of MUI (Majelis Ulema Council) regarding online loan applications, it has been found that applications legally registered with the OJK have complied with Islamic Sharia as stipulated by the MUI. However, in illegal online loan applications, many detrimental problems are found that do not comply with Islamic Sharia. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to take action in the form of regulations, social education, and support for religious knowledge to address these online loan issues.

The “Yelp-Ification” of the Dark Web: An Exploration of the Use of Consumer Feedback in Dark Web Markets

Law enforcement are tasked with confronting a variety of crimes on a daily basis, ranging from traditional offenses, such as burglary or assault, to online crimes, such as identity theft. The expansion of the internet has provided a new realm for investigatory consideration as buyers seek the tools of the crime as well as illegal products online. Since the inception of the Silk Road, the Dark Web’s first darknet marketplace, buyers and sellers have worked together to distribute and obtain products and services that were previously only available offline. For example, drugs, weapons, consumer data such as credit cards numbers, and other illicit products are all available for purchase on the Dark Web. Early on, Ross Ulbricht, founder of the original Silk Road Dark Web marketplace, incorporated consumer “reviews” on illegal websites to protect customers and to ensure that sellers were not taking advantage of potential buyers. The nature of illicit markets, where websites, vendors, or markets themselves can be online one day and gone the next, present challenges to developing a complete understanding as to how these networks operate. This study builds on existing research by providing an exploratory examination of the prevalence of consumer feedback and review indicators on approximately 50 Dark Web marketplaces. Findings indicate that more than half of explored sites displayed consumer reviews on their postings. Policies incorporating feedback indicators may be implemented to both identify and target for investigation and prosecution highly rated and high-profile sellers on Dark Web markets.

Normal redefined: Exploring decontextualization of lorises (Nycticebus & Xanthonycticebus spp.) on social media platforms

IntroductionDecontextualization is a concept from psychology whereby new words are learned outside of the context of the here-and-now. Decontextualized language is used for discussing abstract concepts and is crucial to the development of academic language. When it comes to images, a dearth of context can lead to a lack of clarity, such as the use of ambiguous decontextualized images in environmental communication, leading to the promotion of greenwashing. Here we refer to decontextualization as the removal of wildlife from their wild ecological context. Images and videos of globally threatened species are increasingly popular on social media. Showing such taxa alongside humans may impact public perceptions of their abundance and need for conservation and can increase illegal trade. One group of animals that are particularly popular on social media platforms are the slow and pygmy lorises (Nycticebus spp., Xanthonycticebus spp.).MethodsHere, we examined 100 videos from three popular social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, and Giphy) to calculate how often and in which ways these videos remove slow lorises from their natural ecological and behavioural context. We also examined views and likes to determine viewer engagement trends. We used relevant content from each site to assess the presence of decontextualization using five conditions.ResultsIn all but two videos, conditions of decontextualization were present and 77% of all videos had four to five conditions of decontextualization. Using Spearman correlation, we found a significant effect of decontextualization scores on the number of views and likes for YouTube and TikTok videos. Views were significantly higher when videos presented animals in anthropogenic settings (i.e., in human-made structures or in proximity of human artefacts). Additionally, views on TikTok and YouTube were significantly higher when animals displayed signs of stress or ill health and when they were in unnatural conditions.DiscussionOur case study of lorises provides an example of the danger of decontextualizing wild animals on social media. Public preference for imagery where animals are neglected is indicative that better guidelines need to be put in place and policed by social media platforms. Additionally, conservationists need to develop strategies to promote wild imagery and further explore decontextualization if we are to understand and address the drivers of the rampant illegal wildlife trade online.

Legal Liability of Illegal Online Loans in the Perspective of Criminal Law

This study aims to analyze law enforcement of misuse of personal data related to illegal online loans (fintech) as a form of mayantara crime in a cyber perspective and examine the liability of illegal online loans (illegal fintech desk collectors) in a criminal law perspective. The research method used in this study is the type of research used in the research is normative legal research as a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. The scientific logic that in normative legal research is built on scientific discipline and the ways in which normative legal science works, that is, legal science whose object is law itself.
 The results of this study show that the enforcement of the Law on Misuse of Personal Data Related to Online Loans (Illegal Fintech) as a Form of Mayantara Crime in a Cyber Perspective is based on the reason that the rampant public activities on electronic media, the Electronic Transaction Information Law was born, namely Law Number 19 of 2016 on Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions
 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions ( ITE) with Considerations can be found in the consideration section, especially in the "Considering" section which states that information globalization has placed Indonesia as part of the world information society so that it requires the establishment of regulations regarding the management of Information and Electronic Transactions at the national level so that the development of Information Technology can be carried out optimally, evenly, and spread to all levels of society in order to
 educate the nation's life.

WHO IS THE MOST AUTHORIZED TO ERADICATE ILLEGAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ?

Illegal financial institutions have repeatedly appeared and disappeared in the community. Illegal banks or savings institutions disguise their businesses as travel agents or public fund savings institutions called arisan. At the moment, there have been emerging illegal online loan institutions (Pinjol). In 2021, illegal online loans (Pinjol) become a trending topic in Indonesia. Illegal lending has become a long-standing issue in society. The authorities have carried out the eradication of illegal lending. However, illegal borrowing is never completely eradicated and is always present in the community. Illegal borrowing has also caused a lot of community problems. This research aims to examine the illegal borrowing in the midst of society. This research uses a normative juridical method. This research concludes that eradicating illegal lending is the responsibility of the police, not the responsibility of the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK). Even though illegal lenders operate in the financial industry, the Indonesian Financial Services Authority has no authority over the illegal financial industry. The authority of the Indonesian Financial Services Authority has been confirmed in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2011. The illegal financial industry does not only exist in the financial technology industry, but has also emerged repeatedly in the conventional financial industry, such as illegal banks, fraudulent investments, and credit unions.

Pharmacy Student Perceptions and Knowledge of Online Pharmacy Use

Objective. Currently, there is no set of accreditation standards for integrating the dangers of illegal online pharmacies into Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curricula. As a result, many pharmacists are unable to recognize the differences between a legal and illegal online pharmacy or educate patients on the dangers of online pharmacies. The objectives of this study were to assess gaps in student pharmacists' knowledge and to assess the impact of adding education regarding online pharmacies into PharmD programs.Methods. A pre- and postsurvey design was developed. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire distributed to second-year pharmacy (P2) students to evaluate student knowledge gaps at baseline and after education on illegal online pharmacies.Results. A total of 102 students responded to the presurvey, with 93 (91%) consenting to participate. Out of 100 respondents to the postsurvey, 84 (84%) students consented. Approximately 87% (81/93) of respondents indicated some awareness of prescription medications being purchased online. Most students (89%, 77/86) stated that they do not believe the university has provided adequate curriculum on illegal online pharmacies and counterfeit medications. After receiving education on the relevant topics, 64% (55/85) stated they now felt their education was adequate.Conclusion. Although pharmacy students were aware of the existence of illegal online pharmacies, they were not aware of the significance of this patient safety issue or how to accurately identify suspicious websites. It is imperative that PharmD programs incorporate formal education on the risks that illegal online pharmacies pose to patient and medication safety.

Kepastian dan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Data Pribadi Pengguna Fintech Peer To Peer Lending

The Information Technology-Based Mutual Funding Service Industry (LPBBTI) or known as Fintech P2P Lending is in great demand by the unbanked, this has attracted many illegal P2P lending platforms to also enliven this industry. One of the legal problems that arose later was the misuse of personal data of loan users carried out by the illegal online loan providers. This research was conducted using the normative legal method (library study). The results of this study are a form of legal protection for personal data of fintech peer to peer lending users in terms of the applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia, including preventive legal protection. In Preventive legal protection on online lending and borrowing services based on financial technology, the government issued several regulations related to fintech peer to peer lending, namely POJK LPBBTI and SEOJK LPMUBTI Governance. In addition, there is also repressive protection which has a function to resolve disputes in the future through the Court within the scope of General Courts or through Government Agencies which are administrative appeal institutions by providing administrative sanctions for perpetrators of violations. Efforts that can be taken by fintech peer to peer lending users if they find that there has been a leak of user personal data on the platform of the fintech peer to peer lending provider, that is, they can take non-judicial or non-litigation (out of court) legal remedies or judicial or litigation (judicial) legal remedies.

Edukasi Financial Ilegal Dalam Bentuk Pinjaman Online dan Investasi Online Berdasarkan Penilaian Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Pada Koperasi Kelompok Wanita Tani “Melati Jaya” Kelurahan Sukamenanti Baaru Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung

Currently, Fintech does not only enter Banking Financial Institutions, but also Non-Bank Financial Institutions. This can be seen in Financial Technology products circulating on social media, namely online loans and online investments. This condition actually provides convenience to the community, but there is also a negative impact, namely people who are trapped in online loans and online investments. There are many findings of online loan products and illegal online investments, this creates unrest in the community. Therefore, there is a need for education regarding illegal online loans and illegal online investments in collaboration with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) so that the public, especially mothers, are more careful in choosing to use online loan services and online investment. The method we use in this PkM activity is to provide education to participants regarding illegal online loan products and illegal online investments based on the assessment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The purpose of this PkM activity is to provide education regarding illegal online loan products and illegal online investments based on the assessment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) so that they are more careful in choosing online loan services and online investments. The object of this PkM activity is the Women Farmers Group "Melati Jaya" Sukamenanti Baru Village, Kedaton District, Bandar Lampung City.

The problems of Illegal Online Loans based on the Victim's Perspective: A Case Study

The problems of illegal online loan cases is detrimental to society and the government. Illegal online loans have easy procedures to attract and interest the public. In collecting illegal online loans, they commit terror, spread personal data, spread slander, and hoaxes via chat and telephone. There is no transparency from illegal online loan companies to victims regarding interest, making victims pay larger debts than the amount borrowed. This study aims to examine the role of the victim in the occurrence of crimes committed by these illegal online loans. This study uses a qualitative research method with Criminal Function Theory by Stephen Schafer as an analytical tool that explains the role of the victim. Collecting data using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research results, it was found that when borrowing, the victim initially did not know that the application was illegal. The behavior of victims who are late in paying debts stimulates perpetrators to commit crimes against victims. Victims also borrow back at illegal online loans even though they know the risks.

The role of citizens in platform governance: A case study on public consultations regarding online content regulation in the European Union

This article proposes to start considering the role that citizens play in platform governance as a way of critically reflecting on issues of inclusivity in and effectiveness of current decision-making processes. This article attempts to apply the above suggestion by studying citizens’ discourse in recent European efforts to regulate online content. It does so by employing an experimental methodology, namely, a computationally assisted Critical Discourse Analysis on textual data derived from citizens’ contributions to the European Commission’s Public Consultations on three crucial regulatory texts: the Code of Practice on Disinformation, the Recommendation on Tackling Illegal Content Online and the Digital Services Act. The present analysis suggests that the EU’s strategy to advance participatory governance through public consultations seems to ignore citizens’ qualitative input and, thus, the feedback received can be severely limited. Concluding, the article maintains that scholarship should adopt a more encompassing scope when studying platform governance, especially concerning citizen and user participation, beyond the traditional frame of participation through civil society representation, while critically scrutinising existing ostensibly participatory structures.

A narrative review of illegal online pharmacies and contemporary issues with restricting FDA-approved medication access.

The rapid growth of technology has transformed the way the public purchases many products, including medications. Online medication purchasing has become a convenient and confidential route for patients to access healthcare without leaving their homes. Online pharmacies have many benefits but also present an increased risk for patient harm caused by unintentionally purchasing from illegal online pharmacies. Illegal online pharmacies are those that operate online without the requisite valid licenses or supply drugs not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). As obtaining certain medications has become restricted, either due to policy or drug shortages, more patients are relying on services provided by Internet pharmacies. The overturning of Roe versus Wade has caused an emerging drug restriction that may coerce the public to turn to Internet pharmacies for purchasing medications. A narrative review was conducted to analyze both the past and present effects of medications sold by illegal online pharmacies to help recognize the implications of restricting access to FDA-approved medications. Several large science and health literature databases were searched to find relevant references. Resulting resources, which referenced the connection between restricting access to FDA-approved medications and the increase in illegal online sales, were included in this review. The information evaluated in this article will help inform healthcare providers and policymakers of the inadvertent effects of restricting access to FDA-approved medications.

General characteristic of illegal online stores located in the Siberian region and specializing in the illegal sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances

General characteristic of illegal online stores located in the Siberian region and specializing in the illegal sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances

Assessing Trustworthiness of Internet Pharmacies with an Internet Browser Extension.

Many people are turning to online pharmacies for medication purchases leading to a growing number of legal and illegal online pharmacies (IOPs). With a growing number of IOPs, consumers are more likely to receive substandard or falsified medications when purchasing medications online. This study aims to identify the number of verified, not recommended, and not verified pharmacy websites consumers see using different keywords and medications on an Internet browser based off the National Association Boards of Pharmacy's (NABP) list of verified and not recommended websites. It also aims to compare which keywords result in more not recommended pharmacy websites compared with verified pharmacy websites for consumers over time. We created an Internet browser extension compatible with different Internet browsers to quickly identify which search results are verified, not recommended, and not verified based on NABP lists. We then utilized an application programming interface to automatically search different key terms and classify the search results as verified, not recommended, and not verified over a 4-week data collection period for analysis. A total of 131 key terms were used for the search. There was an average signal determining the number of verified and not recommended search results compared with not verified results of 4.3% over the 4-week data collection period. There was about a 3:1 ratio of not recommended to verified search results noted. Top signal and not recommended search result producing keywords contained words such as "shipped" and "cheap." The Internet browser extension will aid in making it easier to identify which search results are safe and which are not safe when searching to purchase medications online. This study has set the premise on expanding how to use an Internet pharmacy extension to combat IOPs, improve patient safety, and increase safe access to medications.

Digital Piracy of Live Content and Illegal Online Gambling: Evidence from Live Sports Broadcasts

Digital Piracy of Live Content and Illegal Online Gambling: Evidence from Live Sports Broadcasts

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Investor pada Investasi Illegal Secara Online dalam Perspektif Viktimologi

In general, Indonesians are still fairly unfamiliar with online investment, including online investment platforms and current rapid technological developments. This is the capital for perpetrators of illegal investment fraud online to commit their crimes. Often the illegal investment crime ends up being a case of fraud, even the victim's funds are difficult to return. This research is intended to find out about the statutory policies in handling criminal cases of illegal investment fraud online, and steps in suppressing cases of illegal investment fraud so as to create legal protection for investors. The method used in this study is normative juridical by combining various literature related to illegal online investment in Indonesia. Research shows that the legal protection of investors in illegal online investments has met the formulation contained in Articles 1 and 2 of the ITE Law. However, not all provisions stipulated in the ITE Law are related to online investment fraud. Only one clause in article 28 paragraph (1) contains acts as stipulated in article 378 of the Criminal Code on fraud. Although the elements in Article 378 of the Criminal Code are fully fulfilled, there is an element of online fraud. Until now, electronic media has not been known in the Criminal Code and the Criminal Code

Digital Speech Acts on Social Media: The Content Ethnographic of Audiences Response to the Publication of Illegal Online Loans on @Ojkindonesia's Instagram Account

Social media is no longer just a channel for users to socialise with each other on the Internet but also mediates the spreading of information to applications that can be utilised in the practice of legal aspects in the economy. The character of social media, which is full of information, forms a network (networking), stores data (archive), and interactivity which is an important point in the development of legal aspects in the economy related to online loans. Using virtual ethnography on the discourse of digital citizens in the comments column of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Instagram account regarding Daftar 102 Pinjaman Online Legal Berizin OJK, this study concludes that social media is a source for users (1) to seek information; (2) spread information; and (3) functiom as a centre and gateway for information that exists throughout social media users who consciously or not have been involved as a tool of discourse among netizen in a virtual community related to legal aspects in the economy. Information contestation cannot be avoided because, in reality, on social media, any user can produce and distribute content and have a great influence on the opinions of other users.

Communication Patterns of Cybercrime in The Financial Technology Business During The Covid-19 Pandemic

In the era of technological development in Indonesia, Fintech services (Financial technology) are increasingly widespread, one of which is Peer to peer lending or often known as online loans (Pinjol). Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it had an economic impact, so people chose a way out to borrow funds through illegal loans because there was no guarantee, the process was easy and fast. The purpose of the study was to determine the communication pattern of digital crime in the financial technology business during the COVID-19 pandemic (a case study of illegal online loan application debtors). The paradigm used is constructivist with qualitative research methods, using the theory of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and the theory of technological determinism. Researchers used informants based on the purposive sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that the communication pattern of digital crime in the fintech business of illegal lending applications during the COVID-19 pandemic between creditors and debtors uses one-way and two-way communication patterns with synchronous communication and asynchronous communication types. Changes in communication technology inevitably lead to communication failures, as well as changes in cultural and social fabrics. The ongoing communication process gives rise to digital crimes of online fraud, cyber-related crime, and infringements of privacy, which are forms of violation for the benefit of the illegal lending company while harming the debtor as a victim.

Legal Protection For Users Of Illegal Online Loan Services In Indonesia Reviewed From A Jurisdictional Aspect

<em>Looking at the development of technology that is so fast and also used in all fields to provide convenience. This also includes electronic transactions in online loan applications (pinjol), given the current economic conditions that are not in a good condition due to Covid-19, many people choose loan applications to meet their needs without seeing the overall consequences of their actions. The case of a pinjol application that attacks the personal data of its users is of course a prohibited act, because it is related to someone's personal data. This study aims to find out how the legal protection for illegal lending service users in Indonesia is and what are the obstacles to law enforcement in dealing with loan lending cases in Indonesia. This research uses the method. normative legal research. And it is known that in Indonesia with regard to criminal law policies that can be used to punish borrowing actors for their actions, they can use UUPK because of the position of borrowing users as consumers and use the ITE Law because transactions are carried out using electronic media. The obstacles that occur are the lack of experts in the field of electronics in law enforcement and also the ITE Law is not strong enough to ensnare borrowers</em>