Illegal Oil Research Articles

Effect of Soot Inhalation on Methaemoglobin and Oxyhaemoglobin Levels of some Residents of Iwofe, Port Harcourt Rivers state, Nigeria.

Soot is a mass of impure particles of carbon obtained from incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. Soot is an ultrafine air-borne pollutant and enters into the body through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation causing devastating effects on the blood cells. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soot inhalation on methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin levels of individuals resident in both Iwofe, Port Harcourt (exposed subjects) and Ihiala, Anambra state (control subjects). The study is a case control study involving residents of Iwofe, Rumuolumeni, who have been exposed to soot pollution in the environment for an average period of one year. Iwofe is in Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of fifty (50) test samples were obtained. Thirty control samples were obtained from subjects in Ihiala a city located in the South of Anambra state where illegal oil refineries and other major means of soot generation are not as comparable to what is present in Port Harcourt and its environs. Methaemoglobin and Oxyhaemoglobin concentrations were analyzed using spectrophotometric method. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (t-test). The student t-test was used to test for difference in the methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin levels between the exposed subjects and non-exposed controls and based on age groups and gender. An error of probability (p ≤ 0.05) is considered levels of exposed subjects showing the effect of soot inhalation. Activities of illegal oil refineries (a major source of soot pollution in the city) should be stopped along with other activities like burning of tyres, indiscriminate burning of wastes and gas flaring etc.

Environmental Effect of KPO-Fire in Niger Delta and Future Health Implication

Crude oil discovery and exploration in the Niger Delta of Nigeria which includes Delta, Bayelsa, Abia, Rivers, Cross River, Akwa-Ibom, Imo, Edo and Ondo States of Nigeria, has led to significant economic growth of the nation especially in the creation of job opportunities also the generation of revenue. Unfortunately, Oil thefts have become the idea that replaced the most crisis and agitations in the Niger Delta communities against the perceived neglect of the areas. This had resulted to widespread operation of illegal oil bunkering activities called Kpofire. Kpofire, as described by the Niger deltans, is a process of burning crude oil by illegal oil operatives or thieves at isolated locations called bunkering sites or dumpsites in order to extract refined petroleum products. The design for the extraction of the petroleum products involves the sections of steaming and collection. These sections are connected by a very long pipe. Heat is applied to the steaming section using wood from the mangroves that is called ‘Ngala’ or ‘Agala’, thereafter, crude oil is used. The products extracted are fuel, kerosene and diesel. One of the major problems of Kpofire is the introduction of soot into the environment. Soot is a product is uncontrolled and incomplete combustion or pyrolisis of materials that contain carbon. The highest constituent of soot is the Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The Niger Delta people are faced with daily environmental challenges such as inadequate housing facilities, contaminated drinking water sources, barren lands for agriculture, dead rivers for fishing activities and poor health conditions, soot, which has become a gradual but huge challenge in many Niger Delta communities, has been shown to play a huge role in respiratory, skin, and reproductive health conditions. However, vulnerability is seen more in babies and children (particularly because their respiratory organs are not matured enough), the elderly, and people with preexisting health conditions, also heart or lung diseases (such as asthma). High exposure to PAH at prenatal stages is linked to a low IQ and lead to increased behavioral problems in the early-age child and childhood asthma. A collective effort is needed to put a stop this menace called kpofire in order to avoid environmental pollution thereby endangering the health of the people of Niger Delta.

Mass spectrometry determination of seized oil-based anabolic-androgenic steroids products

IntroductionThe presence of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in illegal commercial products has been pointed as a global threat for public health. Due the correlation with adverse toxicological effects, there is a growing interest in the implementation of straightforward methods for the determination of AAS in seized products. This work exploited the development of a mass spectrometry approach to characterize the illegal oil formulations containing AAS. MethodsThe optimization of sample preparation was performed through a simplex-centroid design and the best condition was described as follow: an aliquot of 5 μL of sample were added with 995 μL of acetonitrile and water (75:25, v/v). The solution was vortexed and centrifuged. After that, 10 μL of supernatant were added with 35 μL of acetonitrile and water and internal standard (testosterone-d3, 1.25 ng). An aliquot of 5 μL was injected into the analytical system. ResultsThe method developed was validated and successfully applied in 115 seized samples. Testosterone and its esters had the highest incidence, found in more than 50% of the samples. Besides that, drugs such as boldenone, methandienone, and trenbolone have also been found, where the low quality of the samples was evidenced by the wide variation in the concentration of the drugs, always quantified in sub-doses. Finally, at least one AAS was detected in each sample analyzed. The statistical results were grouped by principal components analysis, to better understand the profile of the seized samples. ConclusionThis work successfully established a fast and simple method for determination of AAS and can be applied to verify the profile of seized samples.

Artisanal refining of crude oil in the Niger Delta: A challenge to clean-up and remediation in Ogoniland

While the activities of multinational oil corporations contribute significantly to oil pollution and environmental degradation in most oil-producing countries, the extent to which illegal artisanal refineries contribute to the environmental problems in Niger Delta remains unclear. Extant literature attributes this to the expanding activities of the artisans as well as the use of crude technology in illegal oil refining. Given the widespread nature of the artisanal oil-refining economy in the Niger Delta region, we assess its contribution to the growing environmental pollution in the region. By artisanal oil refining, we mean small-scale crude oil processing or subsistent distillation of petroleum that is often outside the boundaries of the state law. This study links the continual failure of the clean-up programme in the Niger Delta to the booming artisanal crude oil-refining economy in the region. Using predominantly qualitative methods of data collection and content analysis, we adopted the enterprise value chain analysis to underscore the underlying local economic interests and external economic opportunities that sustain oil bunkering, oil theft and petro-piracy. We conclude that these illegal refining processes significantly undermine the Ogoniland clean-up project and make the remediation programme unsustainable in Nigeria.

Two Key Ocean Governance Challenges for Sao Tome and Principe

Living resources directly support the livelihood of coastal communities in Sao Tome e Principe, while oil and gas reserves are needed to improve economic growth. Yet these resources are widely coveted, resulting in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, as well as illegal oil bunkering and theft of crude oil. STP has settled its maritime boundaries with Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, but not with Nigeria. Instead, the two countries agreed on a joint development regime in the disputed maritime area, albeit unsuccessfully. This article examines two key challenges currently facing STP: unblocking the STP-Nigeria joint development agreement and addressing IUUF.

Tracing illegal oil discharges from vessels using SAR and AIS in Bohai Sea of China

In China's 14th Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to coordinate the promotion of marine ecological protection and prevent environmental risks such as marine oil spills. The illegal discharge of oily waste from ships is an important source of oil spill pollution in the Bohai Sea, and has become an important factor hindering the purification of the marine environment. Because SAR remote sensing is not restricted by light conditions, it can work at night, in heavy fog, overcast and rainy days, and has become one of the important techniques for monitoring oil spills on the sea. AIS can provide real-time and historical position and track information of ships. The combination of SAR and AIS can provide a great help for maritime regulatory authorities to find the source of oil spill pollution. However, China has not yet established a mature and effective oil spill supervision system based on SAR and AIS. This paper proposes a framework for oil spill detection and accountability using the combination of SAR, AIS and boarding inspection, and takes an example of the monitoring and tracking process of illegal oil discharge from a ship in the Bohai Sea. As far as we know, this is the first time that China has used SAR and AIS to identify ships that illegally discharge oily sewage. This work framework can provide a reference for China's maritime agencies to improve the oil spill supervision system during the 14th Five-Year Plan.

Aerodynamic analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle with hawk shape for monitoring oil leakage

The oil pipeline network requires periodic monitoring to detect pipeline damages, which may cause oil leakage with severe environmental contamination. These damages can be generated by interference from third parties such as construction works, sabotage, vandalism, excavations,and illegal oil theft. Todetect the oil pipeline damages,it canbeusedaerodynamic aerial vehicles (UAVs) with infrared cameras and image processing systems. This paperpresents the aerodynamic analysis of a UAV with a hawk shape (wingspan of 2.20 m and length of 1.49 m) for potential application in the detection of oil pipeline failures. A 1:6.5 scale prototype of the UAV is fabricated using a 3D printer. The aerodynamic coefficients of UAV are determined using computational fluiddynamic (CFD) simulations and experimental testing with a subsonic wind tunnel. In addition, the lift and drag coefficients of UAVsare obtained as a function of Reynolds number and angle of attack. Also, the air velocity profile around UAV is estimated with the CFD model. The proposed UAV could decrease the inspection costs of pipeline networks in comparison with the use of helicopters or light aircraft.

PEMANFAATAN DATA CITRA SATELIT SENTINEL-1 UNTUK PEMANTAUAN SEBARAN TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI WPP 713

The Makassar Strait which is a part of the Fisheries Management Area (WPP) 713 and the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI) II is an economic route that connects the Pacific Ocean in north and Indian Ocean at south through the middle of Indonesia archipelago. The high traffic on this route creates risks to national security, illegal fishing, and environmental pollution due to oil spills. One method that can be used to monitor oil spills in open water is remote sensing satellite with SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. The satellite data used in this study is a SAR image from the Sentinel-1 satellite. The advantage of radar satellites is their ability to perform data acquisition during the day or night and in all weather conditions. The method used to detect oil spills is an automatic method found in the SNAP software, while the length and area of the oil spill are calculated using the spatial analysis method which is available in the QGIS software. The results of this study in the Makassar Strait found that there was an oil spill with a length of about 11.7 km and an area of about 22.8 km². The oil spills in this study resemble the characteristics of an oil spill caused by a moving ship. This incident indicating the violation is suspected to have occurred in the area. Utilization of Sentinel-1 SAR data to monitor illegal oil spills is expected to reduce violations that occur in Indonesian territorial waters.

Conflict Resolution in South-South Nigeria: A Ceramist’s Perspective

The South-South region of Nigeria has gone through serious problems as a result of oil exploration and exploitation by various multinational oil companies. One of these problems is the high level of unemployment as a result of environmental degradation caused by oil spillage, gas flaring and fire disasters. These have destroyed the people’s means of livelihood as farmers, fishermen and traders who have been thrown into abject poverty. This has brought a series of conflicts to the region. The youths and women on several occasions have tried to register their feelings through protests but are always met with Police confrontation and brutality which sometimes claim lives. Some jobless youths of the area in annoyance and frustration have taken to drug abuse and various crimes such as armed robbery, kidnapping, cybercrimes, illegal oil refining, oil bunkering and so on which has caused the region more harm than good. This paper proposes ceramics, the art and science of fired clay as a means of self-expression, a universal means of communication and recreation as a creative and peaceful means of resolving conflicts between states, communities, the people and the oil companies and the government through art exhibitions, art fares, workshops and conferences. It will enlighten the indigenes that they can vent their anger and frustrations through art and also resolve conflicts in cordial and artistic ways without loss of life and property. This approach will attract economic gains through patronage and support from the Government and Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) while the same message of marginalization, deprivation, oppression, environmental degradation, poverty et cetera are being sent. It is expected that the indigenes of the region will acquire the necessary skills and take to ceramics practice to peacefully and aesthetically communicate to resolve conflicts and empower themselves out of poverty.

Illegal Oil Bunkering in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Challenge to Nigeria’s Development

Illegal oil bunkering is a regular activity in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. Despite the huge financial cost on the part of the government and the multinational oil companies, the perpetrators of this business continue to expand their operations in the creeks. Illegal oil bunkering is now a booming business in the Niger Delta. It is believed to involve the different local militant groups in creeks, commodity traders, military personnel, international businessmen, and some indigenous oil servicing companies. The successes of illegal oil bunkering in Nigeria have been ascribed to both local and national interest as a result of the profits from this illegal oil business. This study critically examines the key actors of illegal oil bunkering; the root causes and consequences of illegal oil bunkering, and the solutions to the identified challenges.

A Survey of Concentrations and Source Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Waters of the Imiringi River System

Ten water samples were collected along the Imiringi water channel, cutting across several sub-communities of the upstream to downstream sections of the river. All samples were collected in the month of August 2019, reflecting increased tidal movement of water and aggravated pollutants redistribution which is typical of the rainy season. Analysis was carried out using the HP 6890 Plus gas chromatograph – flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The rate of ionization of each PAH component was directly proportional to the obtained concentration. The total concentrations of 14 PAHs ranged from <0.01 to 300.1 µgL-1, with the high molecular mass PAHs (4-6 ring HPAHs) observed as the most important fractions showing 82.4% distribution. Also, the low molecular mass PAHs (2-3 ring LPAHs) were found in trace concentrations, accounting for 17.6% of total PAH mass. The application of PAH source diagnostic ratios revealed vegetation and coal combustion as primary sources, followed by petroleum combustion, and then, petroleum sources. Correlation cluster analysis (CCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed discrete localization for samples of stations OL1, OB2 and OS4. The pyrogenic inputs are most likely from runoffs of seasonally burnt vegetation at near-coastal farmlands as well as leachates from surrounding waste-dumpsites. Petroleum sources may have resulted from neighbouring oil installations and illegal oil bunkering sites. Overall, the study is aimed at identifying the most important contributing sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) micro-pollutants in the aquatic environment.

The Potentiality of Operational Mapping of Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea near the Entrance of the Suez Canal Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

The Suez Canal, being a main international maritime shipping route, experiences heavy ship traffic with probable illegal oil discharges. Oil pollution is harming the marine ecosystem and creates pressure on the coastal socio-economic activities particularly at Port Said city (the area of study). It is anticipated that the damage of oil spills is not only during the event but it extends for a long time and normally requires more effort to remediate and recover the environment. Hence, early detection and volume estimation of these spills is the first and most important step for a successful clean-up operation. This study is the first to use Sentinel-1 space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for oil spill detection and mapping over the north entrance of the Suez Canal aiming to enable operational monitoring. SAR sensors are able to capture images day and night and are not affected by weather conditions. In addition, they have a wide swath that covers large geographical areas for possible oil spills. The present study examines a large amount of data (800 scenes of sentinel 1) for the study area over a period of five years from 2014 till 2019 which resulted in the detection of more than 20 events of oil pollution. The detection model is based on the quantitative analysis of the dark spot of the radar backscatter of oil spills. The largest case covered nearly 26 km2 of seawater. The spill drift direction in the area of spills indicated potential hazard on fishing activities, Port Said beaches and ports. This study can be the base for continuously monitoring and alarming pollution cases in the Canal area which is important for environmental agencies, decision-makers, and beneficiaries for coastal and marine socio-economic sustainability.

Pola Relasi Kuasa Negara dan Kelompok Tambang Minyak Ilegal (Studi Kasus Tambang Minyak Kecamatan Keluang Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan)

This study will describe how the pattern of relations in the management of illegal oil mines in Keluang District with two problem formulations, first what are the factors that shape the power relations between the State and the illegal oil mining group in Keluang District. The second is how the role of each actor and its influence in the case of illegal oil mining in Keluang District? To answer the two problem formulations above, researchers use the theory of rent seeking from Gordon Tullock. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The approach that will be used to support this research is to use a case study approach. In this study, the data will be divided into two types, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained in the field through interviews and direct observation at the research site. Secondary data is data obtained from books, papers and documents related to this research. Data analysis used in this study is Analysis Interactive Model from Miles and Huberman which divides the steps in data analysis activities with several parts, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The presence of illegal oil mines in Keluang District raises a sign where the presence and how the role of the State especially the government involved in the management of natural resources in the case of illegal oil mining in Keluang District.

Analysis of Security Challenges along Commercial Water Routes of Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study examined the security challenges along the commercial water routes of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 320 copies ofa questionnaire on the operators and passengers in the study area to elicit information from the operators and passengers in theeight selected Bayelsa waterfronts. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Findings showed that the Nembe-Brass route, Oporoma-Yenagoa route, Yenagoa-Brass route and Ogbia-Brass route are commercially viable routes making them enticing routes both for transportation and pirates and robbers attacks. Furthermore, Also, piracy/searobbery, cultism, smuggling, kidnapping and illegal oil bunkering were identified as the major types of security challenges thatare common in the Bayelsa waterways. However, evening and night periods experience more attacks than all other periods of theday. Unemployment, underdevelopment, illiteracy, lack of adequate security and poverty, cost and availability of fuel, lack ofnavigation aid, decrease in water level, multi-designated Nembe-Brass route, Oporoma-Yenagoa route, Yenagoa-Brass route andOgbia-Brass route are commercially viable routes making them enticing routes both for transportation and pirates and robbersattacks authorities were the main causes of insecurity on Bayelsa waterways. It is recommended among others that the commercial water transport routes in Bayelsa State should be constantly dredged intermittently by State government to enablebigger ships to ply the routes thereby enabling more commercial activities; both Federal, State, Local governments and Inlandwaterways transport regulatory bodies should make available navigational aid and adequate security along the routes to avertany variety of security challenges.

Youth Restiveness and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Study of Niger-Delta

Youth restiveness can fit the label as a sustained protestation embarked upon to enforce a desired outcome from a constituted authority. The youths constitute a force, that if their energies are properly controlled, there will be vast progress and improvement. Nevertheless, when such energies are degenerated on actions that are unfavourable, it results into crimes. Such crimes as hostage-taking of prominent citizens and expatriate oil workers, illegal oil bunkering and arms insurgency have all caused insecurity for business to thrive, thereby affecting economic development in Nigeria. It is in line with this, that the study examined youth restiveness and its impact on the economic development in Nigeria using Niger-Delta as a study. The study used the relative deprivation and the broken window theories as the theoretical framework. The research adopted qualitative method. The population was the youths in Nigeria, particularly in the Niger-Delta. This part of the country was purposively selected because the youth in this area constituted the major restive behaviour witnessed in Nigeria between 2010 and 2018. Data were collected through documentary review (of publications on youth restiveness) as well as journals, and materials from the internet. Findings showed that the nature of most youths that engage in youth restive activities in the Niger-Delta do not have access to formal education; these youths are majorly unemployed and poor. Also, the institutional effort of the government in eradicating youth restiveness has proven incapable of alleviating the critical situation and that the governments’ lack of leadership and discipline has hindered the eradication of youth restiveness. Furthermore, the effect of youth restiveness on the economic development in Nigeria has cost the nation its stability, general improvement, cultural integrity, likelihood of survival and its preservation of national value. The study concluded that youth restiveness is a serious issue that has affected Nigerian state in the negative. It caused a drastic reduction of per capita increase of the nation’s production which forms the basis for economic development. It was recommended that, government should pay more attention to the needs and demands of the less privileged youths in the country by giving them scholarships, entrepreneurship loans and skill acquisition programs. This will engage them in legitimate works and prevent any form of idleness. There should be an enlightenment campaign against youth restiveness, as this will make citizens become more educated on the damage youth restiveness can bring to the society.

Food Safety Problems in China: Based on the Illegally Waste Cooking Oil

The illegal oil (coming from the waste cooking oil and animals’ fat, etc.) is being processed as daily edible oil by a series of processing programs in China. It contains enormous toxic carcinogenic substances such as aflatoxin, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. In China, 22 million tons of cooking oil is approximately consumed each year, however, 2-3 million tons (account for 10%) of the illegal oil is circulated back to the daily market finally. This research aims to analyze four parts among the illegal oil. It combines the Chinese food safety legal loophole with the treatments of other developed countries to solve China’s illegal oil problem. What’s more, carrying out a field survey is conducted to understand the source of the illegal oil and have a clear understanding of consumers’ usage. Next, the main reason for the spread of the illegal oil which is from the street stalls and restaurants is revealed. The new technique is also used to transform the illegal oil into biodiesel fuel (BDF), however, the material (the illegal oil) cannot be easily obtained due to many barriers and challenges in China. Based on the field survey results, setting up a specific feedback mechanism for restaurants/hotels and the other policy implications are proposed to China’s governments for solving the illegal oil issue in China.

Hidden Drivers of Violence Diffusion: Evidence from Illegal Oil Siphoning in Mexico

This paper develops a model of spatial violence diffusion when criminal organizations specialized in one illegal activity (e.g., drug trafficking) are attacked by security forces and tests its theoretical implications using the wave of violence triggered by the Mexican War on Drugs. The model predicts that violence will spread to locations with strategic value for other illegal activities (e.g., oil siphoning). We find evidence supporting this prediction. We document that the Mexican War on Drugs induced drug trafficking organizations to begin stealing oil from the Mexican oil pipeline network and this portfolio reallocation of illegal activities affected the spatial diffusion of violence. We show that violence escalated in locations in the oil pipeline network with no strategic value for drug trafficking. Furthermore, we find that violence escalated more in isolated branches of the oil pipeline network, which are more complicated to protect by the authorities, rendering them susceptible to the establishment of criminal monopolies.

The politics of the Ogoni clean-up: challenges and prospects

The Federal Government of Nigeria in July 2006 instituted an independent study carried out by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to ascertain the nature and the extent of oil contamination in Ogoniland as a precondition for reconciliation between the Ogoni on one hand, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Nigeria and the Federal Government of Nigeria on the other hand. The UNEP’s field observations and scientific investigations reveal that the oil contamination in Ogoniland is widespread and severely impacting many components of the environment (biophysical and socio-economic). It is of special note that oil production by Shell Petroleum in Ogoniland was stopped abruptly in 1993 following agitation by the Ogoni against the Federal Government of Nigeria, and against multinational oil companies. At shut down in 1993, facilities were exposed to frequent sabotage resulting in fires, spillages, oil theft and illegal oil refining leading to significant environmental degradation. The Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Nigeria, a major operating oil transnational company in Ogoniland, has publicly demonstrated commitment towards the full implementation of the UNEP Report by embarking on intensive clean-up and extensive remediation of areas of environmental degradation in Ogoniland. The aim of this paper is to examine the remediation efforts of the SPDC in Ogoniland, the challenges to complete restoration of the Ogoni environment and the way forward.

Distribution of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes in bacteria isolated from two illegal oil refining sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found pollutants in the Niger Delta. They are comparatively persistent in the environment. Also, they distort healthy microbial interaction and pose high risk to human health owing to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. This research investigated the distribution of naphthalene dioxygenase gene (nahAc) and PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha genes (PAH-RHDα-GP) amongst bacteria isolated from two disparate locations (Bomu in Gokana LGA and Ngia Ama in Degema LGA, in Rivers State, Nigeria) used as illegal modular refining sites. Spread plate method was used to isolate PAH-degrading bacteria followed by identification, characterisation and phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the nahAc and PAH-RHDα-GPgene sequences (from chromosomal DNA and plasmid) of the α-subunit of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, using specific primer sets. Genera of Enterobacter, Shewanella, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium and Stenotrophomonas were isolated from the two study sites. nahAc genes were found in the genomes of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria while PAH-RHDα-GPgenes were detected in all the plasmids recovered from Bomu-isolates. These findings inferred that the catabolic potential detected in the PAH-degrading bacterial community could be contributing to the in-situ biodegradation of PAHs.

Youth Restiveness and Insecurity in Nigeria: The Case of Illegal Oil Bunkering and Violence in Igbo-Olomu Community

This study examines the plight of victims of youth restiveness in Igbo-Olomu which previous studies on youth restiveness have not examined. The study was conducted at Igbo-Olomu community where violent acts were perpetrated by restive youth who have been involved in illegal oil bunkering in the community for years. Data were gathered via in-depth interview. Findings show that violent attacks were unleashed on the residents of Igbo-Olomu community by poor and jobless youth with differing ethnic background who engage in illegal oil bunkering in the community. Thus, the study argues that communities and law enforcement agencies should take urgent steps to uproot known criminal gangs from the inception before they grows into intractable formidable forces; and residents should also desist from aiding and abetting criminal activities.